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1. Adaptive Request Scheduling for the I/O Forwarding Layer using Reinforcement Learning

Author

Philippe O. A. Navaux, Jean Luca Bez, Toni Cortes, Francieli Zanon Boito, Alberto Miranda, Ramon Nou, Instituto de Informática da UFRGS (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Topology-Aware System-Scale Data Management for High-Performance Computing (TADAAM), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Data Aware Large Scale Computing (DATAMOVE ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), This study was financed in part by the Coordenac¸ao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nıvel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. It has also received support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientıfico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil, the LICIA International Laboratory, NCSA-Inria-ANL-BSC-JSC-Riken Joint-Laboratory on Extreme Scale Computing (JLESC), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the TIN2015–65316 grant, and the Generalitat de Catalunya under contract 2014– SGR–1051. This research received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 800144. Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid’5000 testbed, supported by a scientific interest group hosted by Inria and including CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other organizations (see https://www. grid5000.fr). The authors acknowledge the National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC/MCTI, Brazil) for providing HPC resources of the SDumont supercomputer, which have contributed to the research results reported within this paper., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CAP - Grup de Computació d'Altes Prestacions, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest

Subjects
I/O forwarding, Parallel I/O, I/O scheduling, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Distributed computing, Auto-tuning, 02 engineering and technology, Scheduling (computing), I/O Scheduling, I/O Forwarding, Machine learning, Reinforcement learning, Aprenentatge automàtic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadors [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Input/output, High performance I/O, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Workload, Reinforcement Learning, Hardware and Architecture, Superordinadors, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, High performance computing, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Software
Abstract

In this paper, we propose an approach to adapt the I/O forwarding layer of HPC systems to applications’ access patterns. I/O optimization techniques can improve performance for the access patterns they were designed to target, but they often decrease performance for others. Furthermore, these techniques usually depend on the precise tune of their parameters, which commonly falls back to the users. Instead, we propose to do it dynamically at runtime based on the I/O workload observed by the system. Our approach uses a reinforcement learning technique – contextual bandits – to make the system capable of learning the best parameter value to each observed access pattern during its execution. That eliminates the need of a complicated and time-consuming previous training phase. Our case study is the TWINS scheduling algorithm, where performance improvements depend on the time window parameter, which in turn depends on the workload. We evaluate our proposal and demonstrate it can reach a precision of 88% on the parameter selection in the first hundreds of observations of an access pattern, achieving 99% of the optimal performance. We demonstrate that the system – which is expected to live for years – will be able to adapt to changes and optimize its performance after having observed an access pattern for a few (not necessarily contiguous) minutes. This study was financed in part by the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. It has also received support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil; the LICIA International Laboratory; NCSA-Inria-ANL-BSC-JSC-Riken Joint-Laboratory on Extreme Scale Computing (JLESC); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the TIN2015–65316 grant; and the Generalitat de Catalunya under contract 2014– SGR–1051. This research received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 800144.

Published
2020

2. Instability in Geo-Distributed Kubernetes Federation: Causes and Mitigation

Author

Guillaume Pierre, Mulugeta Ayalew Tamiru, Erik Elmroth, Johan Tordsson, Elastisys AB, Design and Implementation of Autonomous Distributed Systems (MYRIADS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), This work is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 765452. The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarilyreflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf maybe held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid’5000 testbed, supported by a scientific interest group hosted by Inria and including CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other organizations (see https://www.grid5000.fr), European Project: 765452,h2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2017,FogGuru(2017), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Computer science, Distributed computing, System stability, 020207 software engineering, Automatic configuration tuning, 02 engineering and technology, Fog Computing, Network connectivity, Instability, Self adaptation, Self-configuration, Fog computing, 020204 information systems, Kubernetes Federation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Feedback controller, [INFO.INFO-OS]Computer Science [cs]/Operating Systems [cs.OS], Latency (engineering), Self-adaptation, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC]
Abstract

International audience; As resources in geo-distributed environments are typically located in remote sites characterized by high latency and intermittent network connectivity, delays and transient network failures are common between the management layer and the remote resources. In this paper, we show that delays and transient network failures coupled with static configuration, including the default configuration parameter values, can lead to instability of application deployments in Kubernetes Federation, making applications unavailable for long periods of time. Leveraging on the benefits of configuration tuning, we propose a feedback controller to dynamically adjust the concerned configuration parameter to improve the stability of application deployments without slowing down the detection of hard failures. We show the effectiveness of our approach in a geo-distributed setup across five sites of Grid'5000, bringing system stability from 83-92% with no controller to 99.5-100% using the controller.

Published
2020

3. Towards Portable Online Prediction of Network Utilization using MPI-level Monitoring

Author

Emmanuel Jeannot, Franck Cappello, Shu Mei Tseng, Bogdan Nicolae, Aparna Chandramowlishwaran, George Bosilca, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Topology-Aware System-Scale Data Management for High-Performance Computing (TADAAM), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), This research was supported by the Exascale Computing Project (17-SC-20-SC), a collaborative effort of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Nuclear Security Administration. This material was based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357,and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. #1664142. The experimentspresented in this paper were carried out using the Grid’5000/ALADDIN-G5K experimental testbed, an initiative of the French Ministry of Research through the ACI GRID incentive action, INRIA, CNRS and RENATER and other contributing partners (see http://www.grid5000.fr/)., University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest

Subjects
Artificial neural network, business.industry, Computer science, Network monitoring, Deep learning, Distributed computing, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 010501 environmental sciences, Prediction of resource utilization, 01 natural sciences, Timeseries forecasting, Work stealing, Online learning, Leverage (statistics), Artificial intelligence, 0101 mathematics, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Stealing network bandwidth helps a variety of HPC runtimes and services to run additional operations in the background without negatively affecting the applications. A key ingredient to make this possible is an accurate prediction of the future network utilization, enabling the runtime to plan the background operations in advance, such as to avoid competing with the application for network bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a portable deep learning predictor that only uses the information available through MPI introspection to construct a recurrent sequence-to-sequence neural network capable of forecasting network utilization. We leverage the fact that most HPC applications exhibit periodic behaviors to enable predictions far into the future (at least the length of a period). Our on-line approach does not have an initial training phase, it continuously improves itself during application execution without incurring significant computational overhead. Experimental results show better accuracy and lower computational overhead compared with the state-of-the-art on two representative applications.

Published
2019

4. Use of Self-Healing Techniques for Highly-Available Distributed Monitoring

Author

Włodzimierz Funika and The research presented in this paper received financial support from AGH University of Science and Technology Statutory Project.

Subjects
Computer science, Monitoring data, High availability, Distributed computing, Self-healing, Reliability (computer networking), 68M14, 68M15, General Engineering, arallel and Distributed Computing, Software Engineering, Monitoring, self-healing, distributed systems, reliability, high availability, Monitoring system, Context (language use), Term (time)
Abstract

The paper addresses the self-healing aspects of the monitoring systems. Nowadays, when the complex distributed systems are concerned, the monitoring system should become "intelligent" - as the first step it can guide the user what should be monitored. The next level of the "intelligence" can be described by the term "self-healing". The goal is to provide the capability that a decision made automatically by the monitoring system should force the system under monitoring to behave more stable, reliable and predictable. In the paper a new monitoring system is presented: AgeMon is an agent based, distributed monitoring system with strictly defined roles which can be performed by the agents. In the paper we discuss self-healing in the context of monitoring. When the self-healing of the monitoring system is concerned, a good example is the case where it is possible to lose the monitoring data due to the storage problems. AgeMon can handle such problems and automatically elects substitute persistence agents to store the data.

Published
2018

5. How many oblivious robots can explore a line

Author

Nicola Santoro, David Ilcinkas, Andrzej Pelc, Paola Flocchini, School of Information Technology and Engineering [Ottawa] (SITE), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algorithmics for computationally intensive applications over wide scale distributed platforms (CEPAGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique et d'Ingénierie (DII), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), School of Computer Science [Ottawa], Carleton University, See paper for details., ANR-07-BLAN-0322,ALADDIN,Algorithm Design and Analysis for Implicitly and Incompletely Defined Interaction Networks(2007), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest

Subjects
Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Distributed computing, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, exploration, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical Computer Science, distributed computing, oblivious, mobile robots, Impossibility, asynchronous, 021103 operations research, Mobile robot, Computer Science Applications, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Asynchronous communication, Signal Processing, Robot, line, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Line (text file), Information Systems
Abstract

International audience; We consider the problem of exploring an anonymous line by a team of k identical, oblivious, asynchronous deterministic mobile robots that can view the environment but cannot communicate. We completely characterize sizes of teams of robots capable of exploring a n-node line. For k= 5, or k=4 and n is odd. For all values of k for which exploration is possible, we give an exploration algorithm. For all others, we prove an impossibility result.

Published
2011

6. Defining and controlling the heterogeneity of a cluster: The Wrekavoc tool

Author

Olivier Dubuisson, Emmanuel Jeannot, Jens Gustedt, Louis-Claude Canon, Algorithms for the Grid (ALGORILLE), INRIA Lorraine, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Université Nancy 2-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Université Nancy 2-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Efficient runtime systems for parallel architectures (RUNTIME), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by a one year internship grant for the second author by FONGECIF to INRIA Nancy -- Grand~Est. Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid'5000 experimental testbed, being developed under the INRIA ALADDIN development action with support from CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other funding bodies see https://www.grid5000.fr., and Grid'5000

Subjects
020203 distributed computing, Emulation, Interconnection, Computer science, Distributed computing, Principal (computer security), Overlay network, 02 engineering and technology, Heterogeneous systems, Performance modeling, [INFO.INFO-PF]Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF], Hardware and Architecture, Scalability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Cluster (physics), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Tool for experimentation, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Software, Information Systems
Abstract

International audience; The experimental validation and the testing of solutions that are designed for heterogeneous environments is challenging. We introduce Wrekavoc as an accurate tool for this purpose: it runs unmodified applications on emulated multisite heterogeneous platforms. Its principal technique consists in downgrading the performance of the platform characteristics in a prescribed way. The platform characteristics include the compute nodes themselves (CPU and memory) and the interconnection network for which a controlled overlay network above the homogeneous cluster is built. In this article we describe the tool, its performance, its accuracy and its scalability. Results show that Wrekavoc is a very versatile tool that is useful to perform high-quality experiments (in terms of reproducibility, realism, control, etc.

Published
2010

7. Analyzing the exhaustiveness of the synapse protocol

Author

Vincenzo Ciancaglini, Zoran Ognjanović, Bojan Marinković, Paola Glavan, Luigi Liquori, Petar Maksimovic, Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA), Logical Networks: Self-organizing Overlay Networks and Programmable Overlay Computing Systems (LOGNET), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Zagreb, and The work presented in this paper was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, projects ON174026 and III44006, through Matematicki Institut SANU and by Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i sporta republike Hrvatske.

Subjects
Theoretical computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Distributed computing, Overlay network, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Peer-to-peer, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-SI]Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI], Synapse, ACM: F.: Theory of Computation/F.3: LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Abstract State Machines, Protocol (object-oriented programming), Computer communication networks, Retrieval probability, Formal description, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, DASM, Peer-to-Peer Protocols, ACM: F.: Theory of Computation/F.3: LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS/F.3.1: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs, ACM: C.: Computer Systems Organization/C.2: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, [MATH.MATH-LO]Mathematics [math]/Logic [math.LO], DHT-based overlay networks, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, ACM: C.: Computer Systems Organization/C.2: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS/C.2.2: Network Protocols, Scalability, Abstract state machines, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, computer, Software
Abstract

International audience; The Synapse protocol is a scalable protocol designed for information retrieval over inter-connected heterogeneous overlay networks. In this paper, we give a formal description of Synapse using the Abstract State Machines framework. The formal description pertains to Synapse actions that manipulate distributed keys. Based on this formal description, we present results concerning the expected exhaustiveness for a number of scenarios and systems maintained by the Synapse protocol, and provide comparisons to the results of the corresponding simulations and experiments. We show that the predicted theoretical results match the obtained experimental results, and give recommendations on the design of systems using Synapse.

Published
2015

8. Automatic Distributed Code Generation from Formal Models of Asynchronous Concurrent Processes

Author

Frédéric Lang, Hugues Evrard, Construction of verified concurrent systems (CONVECS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), This work was partly funded by the French Fonds national pour la Société Numérique (FSN), Pôles Minalogic, Systematic and SCS (project OpenCloudware).Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid'5000 testbed, supported by a scientific interest group hosted by Inria and including CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other organizations (see https://www.grid5000.fr)., Grid'5000, and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Programming language, Semantics (computer science), Computer science, Distributed computing, Concurrency, Process (computing), 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Asynchronous communication, 020204 information systems, Synchronization (computer science), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Code generation, Compiler, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], computer, Formal verification
Abstract

International audience; Formal process languages inheriting the concurrency and communication features of process algebras are convenient formalisms to model distributed applications, especially when they are equipped with formal verification tools (e.g., model-checkers) to help hunting for bugs early in the development process. However, even starting from a fully verified formal model, bugs are likely to be introduced while translating (generally by hand) the concurrent model —which relies on high-level and expressive communication primitives— into the distributed implementation —which often relies on low-level communication primitives. In this paper, we present DLC, a compiler that enables distributed code to be generated from models written in a formal process language called LNT, which is equipped with a rich verification toolbox named CADP. The generated code can be either executed in an autonomous way (i.e., without requiring additional code to be defined by the user), or connected to external software through user-modifiable C functions. We present an experiment where DLC generates a distributed implementation from the LNT model of the Raft consensus algorithm.

Published
2015

9. Ping Pong in Dangerous Graphs: Optimal Black Hole Search with Pebbles

Author

Paola Flocchini, David Ilcinkas, Nicola Santoro, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Algorithmics for computationally intensive applications over wide scale distributed platforms (CEPAGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Computer Science [Ottawa], Carleton University, See paper for details, ANR-07-BLAN-0322,ALADDIN,Algorithm Design and Analysis for Implicitly and Incompletely Defined Interaction Networks(2007), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest

Subjects
Theoretical computer science, General Computer Science, FIFO (computing and electronics), [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Topology (electrical circuits), 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Dangerous graphs, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Graph exploration, Autonomous robots, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Search problem, Pebble, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Black hole search, Distributed computing, Computer Science Applications, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Asynchronous communication, Theory of computation, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Node (circuits), Mobile agents, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC]
Abstract

International audience; We prove that, for the black hole search problem in networks of arbitrary but known topology, the pebble model of agent interaction is computationally as powerful as the whiteboard model; furthermore the complexity is exactly the same. More precisely, we prove that a team of two asynchronous agents, each endowed with a single identical pebble (that can be placed only on nodes, and with no more than one pebble per node), can locate the black hole in an arbitrary network of known topology; this can be done with Θ(nlog n) moves, where n is the number of nodes, even when the links are not FIFO. These results are obtained with a novel algorithmic technique, ping-pong, for agents using pebbles.

Published
2012

10. Cost Reduction Through SLA-driven Self-Management

Author

Jean-Louis Pazat, Nikos Parlavantzas, André Lage Freitas, Design and Implementation of Autonomous Distributed Systems (MYRIADS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant greement 215483 (S-CUBE). Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid'5000 experimental testbed, being developed under the INRIA ALADDIN development action with support from CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other funding bodies (see https://www.grid5000.fr)., European Project: 215483,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2007-1,S-CUBE(2008), Inria, GRID'5000, CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer science, computer.internet_protocol, Distributed computing, QoS, Cloud computing, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, grid, self-sadptation, Profit (economics), 020204 information systems, self-adaptation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, cloud, service-oriented computing, business.industry, Quality of service, Service-oriented architecture, Service provider, Grid, Cost reduction, web services, Risk analysis (engineering), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Web service, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], business, computer
Abstract

International audience; A main challenge for service providers is managing service-level agreements (SLAs) with their customers while satisfying their business objectives, such as maximizing profits. Most current systems fail to consider business objectives and thus to provide a complete SLA management solution. This work proposes an SLA-driven management solution that aims to maximize the provider's profit by reducing resource costs as well as fines owning to SLA violations. Specifically, this work proposes a framework that comprises multiple, configurable control loops and supports automatically adjusting service configurations and resource usage in order to maintain SLAs in the most cost-effective way. The framework targets services implemented on top of large-scale distributed infrastructures, such as clouds. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in maintaining SLAs while reducing provider costs.

Published
2011

11. On the Power of Waiting When Exploring Public Transportation Systems

Author

Ahmed Mouhamadou Wade, David Ilcinkas, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algorithmics for computationally intensive applications over wide scale distributed platforms (CEPAGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), See paper for details., ANR-07-BLAN-0322,ALADDIN,Algorithm Design and Analysis for Implicitly and Incompletely Defined Interaction Networks(2007), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest

Subjects
Mobile agent, Discrete mathematics, PV-graph, Class (set theory), Computer science, business.industry, Distributed computing, Multiplicative function, Context (language use), 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Power (physics), Set (abstract data type), 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Public transport, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Exploration, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], business, Time complexity, Dynamic graphs
Abstract

International audience; We study the problem of exploration by a mobile entity (agent) of a class of dynamic networks, namely the periodically-varying graphs (the PV-graphs, modeling public transportation systems, among others). These are defined by a set of carriers following infinitely their prescribed route along the stations of the network. Flocchini, Mans, and Santoro (ISAAC 2009) studied this problem in the case when the agent must always travel on the carriers and thus cannot wait on a station. They described the necessary and sufficient conditions for the problem to be solvable and proved that the optimal number of steps (and thus of moves) to explore a n-node PV-graph of k carriers and maximal period p is in Theta(k p^2) in the general case. In this paper, we study the impact of the ability to wait at the stations. We exhibit the necessary and sufficient conditions for the problem to be solvable in this context, and we prove that waiting at the stations allows the agent to reduce the worst-case optimal number of moves by a multiplicative factor of at least Theta(p), while the time complexity is reduced to Theta(n p). (In any connected PV-graph, we have n < k p$.) We also show some complementary optimal results in specific cases (same period for all carriers, highly connected PV-graphs). Finally this new ability allows the agent to completely map the PV-graph, in addition to just explore it.

Published
2011

12. Communication algorithms with advice

Author

Pierre Fraigniaud, Andrzej Pelc, David Ilcinkas, Laboratoire d'informatique Algorithmique : Fondements et Applications (LIAFA), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algorithmics for computationally intensive applications over wide scale distributed platforms (CEPAGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique et d'Ingénierie (DII), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), See paper for details., ANR-07-BLAN-0322,ALADDIN,Algorithm Design and Analysis for Implicitly and Incompletely Defined Interaction Networks(2007), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Distributed computing, Message complexity, Network, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Broadcasting, 01 natural sciences, Graph, Theoretical Computer Science, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Size of advice, Dissemination, Mathematics, Linear number, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Telecommunications network, Algorithm, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Broadcast communication network, Graph (abstract data type), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], business, Advice (complexity), Wakeup
Abstract

International audience; We study the amount of knowledge about a communication network that must be given to its nodes in order to efficiently disseminate information. Our approach is {\em quantitative}: we investigate the minimum total number of bits of information (minimum size of advice) that has to be available to nodes, regardless of the type of information provided. We compare the size of advice needed to perform broadcast and wakeup (the latter is a broadcast in which nodes can transmit only after getting the source information), both using a linear number of messages (which is optimal). We show that the minimum size of advice permitting the {\em wakeup} with a linear number of messages in a $n$-node network, is $\Theta (n \log n)$, while the {\em broadcast} with a linear number of messages can be achieved with advice of size $O(n)$. We also show that the latter size of advice is almost optimal: no advice of size $o(n)$ can permit to broadcast with a linear number of messages. Thus an efficient wakeup requires strictly more information about the network than an efficient broadcast.

Published
2010

13. Distributed Computing with Advice: Information Sensitivity of Graph Coloring

Author

Andrzej Pelc, Cyril Gavoille, Pierre Fraigniaud, David Ilcinkas, Laboratoire d'informatique Algorithmique : Fondements et Applications (LIAFA), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Algorithmics for computationally intensive applications over wide scale distributed platforms (CEPAGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique et d'Ingénierie (DII), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), See paper for details., ANR-07-BLAN-0322,ALADDIN,Algorithm Design and Analysis for Implicitly and Incompletely Defined Interaction Networks(2007), Andrzej Pelc was supported in part by NSERC discovery grant and by the Research Chair in Distributed Computing of the Université du Québec en Outaouais., Lars Arge, Christian Cachin, Tomasz Jurdzinski, Andrzej Tarlecki, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest

Subjects
Network algorithms, Theoretical computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Distributed computing, Computation, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, network algorithm, 01 natural sciences, Oracle, Theoretical Computer Science, Distributed coloring, Greedy coloring, distributed computing, graph coloring, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Graph coloring, Advice, Computer communication networks, Information sensitivity, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Hardware and Architecture, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Theory of computation, Graph (abstract data type), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC]
Abstract

International audience; We study the problem of the amount of information (advice) about a graph that must be given to its nodes in order to achieve fast distributed computations. The required size of the advice enables to measure the information sensitivity of a network problem. A problem is information sensitive if little advice is enough to solve the problem rapidly (i.e., much faster than in the absence of any advice), whereas it is information insensitive if it requires giving a lot of information to the nodes in order to ensure fast computation of the solution. In this paper, we study the information sensitivity of distributed graph coloring.

Published
2007