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This paper presents a gender analysis of the South African government's proposed new policy on international migration, identifying a number of areas of implicit gender discrimination. Such "discrimination by default" is of more than academic relevance, having important implications for national and regional development. Research undertaken by the Southern African Migration Project indicates a growing "feminization" of migration to South Africa from the Southern African region, as well as gender-specific motives and patterns of migration. If migration is to be effectively managed, such realities must be taken into account. The paper concludes by advocating a development-centered, "household strategies" approach, both in understanding international migration to South Africa and in the further development and implementation of legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the immigration literature by generating two unique non-economic quality of life (QOL) indices and testing their role on recent migration patterns. Applying the generated QOL indices in conjunction with four independent welfare measures to an augmented gravity model of immigration, this paper finds an insignificant relationship between the six non-economic QOL measures and immigration flows for a panel of 16 OECD countries from 1991 to 2000. However, the results suggest that other factors such as the stock of immigrants from the source country already living in the OECD destination country, population size, relative incomes, and geographic factors all significantly drive the flow of immigration for the sample tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic relationship among immigration rate, GDP per capita, and and real wage rates in the USA. Design/methodology/approach -- The paper implements the Johansen-Juselius (1990, 1992) cointegration technique to test for a long-run relationship; and for short-run dynamics the authors apply Granger causality tests under the vector error-correction model. Findings -- The results show that the long-run causality runs from GDP per capita to immigration, not vice versa. Growing economy attracts immigrants. The authors also find that immigration flow depresses average weekly earnings of the natives in the long-run. Originality/value -- The authors are not aware of any study on the USA addressing the impact of immigrants on labor market using a tripartite approach by explicitly incorporating economic growth. It is therefore important to pursue a theoretically justified empirical model in search of a relation to resolve on apparent immigration debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International migration has become one of the most debated topics in many developed and developing countries. Host countries are concerned about the socioeconomic consequences of international migration, while sending countries--from a developing country's perspective--are concerned about the brain drain and loss of their younger population. This paper presents a concise literature review on existing theories of international migration, and long-run effects of international migration on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The empirical studies reviewed in this paper indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship between international migration and FDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies regarding the contribution of migration to development are limited to an isolated analysis of the economic effects of migration. But the migration process is in turn influenced by other processes. So a wider framework including migration and other processes of development would be more appropriate. The experience of South European and East Asian countries have shown us that, during development, countries can change their migration profile from emigration to immigration. The present paper shows the stages of the migration transition experienced by these countries trying to match them with Romania's experience. So, focusing on the case of Romania, this paper examines the evolution of international migration starting with 1990, in the context of the broader transition process, offering prospects regarding a possible migration transition in this case as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the emigration flows from Croatia and other new EU member states to the core EU countries after their EU accession. In order to assess the magnitude and dynamics of the recent emigration wave properly, we construct the series of indirect emigration flows, resorting to the national statistical offices of the selected core EU destination countries. We compare the Croatian experience with that of other NMS and show that the intensity of Croatia's emigration flows after EU accession is proportional to that of the Romanian and Bulgarian cases. Finally, we empirically analyze the economic and non-economic drivers of emigration from NMS to the core EU in the 2000-2016 period. Results show that both economic (measured by different GDP and labour market indicators) and noneconomic factors (capturing the EU accession, the level of corruption in the economy and demographic characteristics of the origin country population) are relevant for emigration decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various topics within the issue including sustainable economic development in Malaysia, impacts of factors like geographic proximity on migration, and the relationship between environmental degradation, consumption and energy.

Immigration policy is one of the most hotly contested political issues in the United States. In this paper, we evaluate the role of immigration in the U.S. economy. We pose the counterfactual question, “what would happen if net migration to the U.S. were to cease?” Using the REMI PI+ macroeconomic policy analysis model, we set to zero international immigration from 2018 to 2060, and estimate the national- and state-level economic and demographic implications of this change. Our estimates show that, in the absence of immigration, total U.S. employment would peak in 2019, and the U.S. GDP and labor force would decline by 20% through 2060. Per capita income and GDP effects, however, are relatively minor and sensitive to assumptions in labor and capital markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to build and analyse a model of unemployment, where jobs search is open to both natives and migrant workers. Markets and government intervention respond jointly to unemployment when creating new jobs. Full employment of resources is the focal point of policy action, stimulating vacancy creation. We acknowledge that policy is implemented with delays, and capture labour market outcomes by building a non-linear dynamic system. We observe jobs separation and matching, and extend our model to an open economy with migration and delayed policy intervention meant to reduce unemployment. We analyse the stability behaviour of the resulting equilibrium for our dynamic system, including models with Dirac and weak kernels. We simulate our model with alternative scenarios, where policy action towards jobs creation considers both migration and unemployment, or just unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European Union (EU) enlargements in 2004 and 2007 were accompanied by increased migration from new-accession to established-member (EU-15) countries. The impacts of these flows depend, in part, on the amount of time that persons from the former countries live in the latter over the life course. In this paper, we develop period estimates of duration expectancy in EU-15 countries among persons from new-accession countries. Using a newly developed set of harmonized Bayesian estimates of migration flows each year from 2002 to 2008 from the Integrated Modelling of European Migration Project, we exploit period age patterns of country-to-country migration and mortality to summarize the average number of years that persons from new-accession countries could be expected to live in EU-15 countries over the life course. In general, the results show that the amount of time that persons from new-accession countries could be expected to live in the EU-15 nearly doubled after 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Društvena Istraživanja is the property of Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Having as starting point a research field within the Romanian immigrant community from Graz, this paper assumes two ambitious objectives. Firstly, the article highlights some of the features of Romanian migration to Austria, an under-researched country of destination. Secondly, the paper attempts to supply a brief introduction into a very broad topic, namely the relationship between migration and entrepreneurship. Here we also attempt an understanding of how individuals' experience of international migration affects their propensity to entrepreneurial behaviors. The concept of entrepreneurship follows the lines described by Austrian economics which allows for a deeper insight into the individuals subjective perspectives on stimulating and inhibiting factors for entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers how international migration of the head of household affects the allocation of resources toward boys relative to girls within households remaining in the home country. I address the endogeneity of migration with a differences-in-differences style regression model that compares those households in which migrants have already returned home with those in which migrants are still away. The evidence suggests that while the head of household is away a greater fraction of resources are spent on girls relative to boys, but upon his return, this pattern is reversed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. This paper presents a new method of estimating the effects of immigration on the labor market that does not require variations in immigration across cities. With a two-stage CES model that aggregates immigrant groups by age cohorts and aggregates cohorts into effective labor, the econometric estimation and the interpretation of parameters are particularly straightforward. The paper uses data from Hong Kong to estimate the elasticities of complementarity associated with increased immigration. A simulation study indicates that a 40% increase in the stock of new immigrants will lower wages by no more than one percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores, under a wide variety of circumstances, the welfare impact of emigration. The analytical framework posited is a simple two-factor, two-commodity, two-class general equilibrium model that makes a distinction between traded and non-traded goods. The principal aim is to collect and synthesize the well- known results in the literature, derived from diverse analytical frameworks, as well as to establish a number of new ones. It is shown that pure emigration can be beneficial to the non-emigrants in the source country, irrespective of the welfare criteria adopted, if accompanied by sufficient remittances. The paper also highlights the fact that emigation does not affect all classes in society symmetrically. The division of losers and gainers depends on the volume of remittances, the distribution of factor endowments and the type of emigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emigration from China has drawn increasing attention from the media and academia. In this paper, we survey the scholarly literature on emigration from China focusing on the post-1949 period. We review policy changes and patterns of emigration over time, and identify possible causes of emigration and impacts for migrant origin communities and China as a whole. To the extent relevant, we also explore how new patterns of emigration from China in the 21st century also impact migrant destination countries. Finally, we discuss potential contributions of the Chinese case to the general area of migration studies and identify future research directions in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the European Monetary Union, the efficient functioning of the EU labour market is a key factor to the Union's economic health. Consequently, after bringing relevant arguments that support the absence of such an efficient labour market and the presence of economically inefficient intra-EU migration patterns, the paper proceeds in investigating the potential cultural elements that constitute obstacles to labour market efficiency by looking at how differences exhibited along several cultural dimensions affect both the decision whether or not to emigrate and the emigration destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reports on a case study that investigated under what circumstances households use migration to cope with climate variability and food insecurity. Fieldwork was conducted in three communities in Dong Thap Province in the Upper Mekong Delta in Viet Nam. Methods used included a household survey (N=150), participatory research tools and key informant interviews. Ninety per cent of the survey respondents reported that climate-related stressors, such as floods, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, had adversely affected their livelihoods. Those effects, however, were more often qualified as being "moderate" rather than being "severe", and for the survey population as a whole, no evidence was found that climatic stressors were principal drivers of migration from the area. The Upper Mekong Delta in Viet Nam is undergoing rapid economic development, with increasing migration mostly being driven by demand for labour in industrial centres. However, an analysis differentiated by income groups reveals that poorer households with little or no land are much more likely to be severely affected by climatic stressors than non-poor households. Their ability to cope and adapt locally is limited, and migration, which in most cases tends to be internal, is a common alternative. The present paper shows the importance of disaggregating climate impacts and migration causes for different socioeconomic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Owing to lack of relevant data on health human resource (HHR) migration, the empirical dimension of the health-worker crisis debate has remained void despite abundant theoretical literature. A health worker crisis is growing in the world. Shortages in health professionals are reaching staggering levels in many parts of the globe. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach -- A quantile regression approach is used to examine the determinants of health-worker emigration throughout the conditional distributions of health-worker emigration. This provides an investigation of the determinants when existing emigrations levels matter. The author assesses the determinants of emigration in the health sector through-out the conditional distribution of HHR emigration. Findings -- The findings have been presented in two main strands: when existing emigration levels are low and when existing emigration levels are high. In the former case (when existing emigration levels are low), wealth-effects have the following implications. First, while economic prosperity is a good tool against nurse brain drain in middle income countries (MICs), health expenditure is a good instrument against physician brain drain in low income countries (LICs). Second, whereas positive demographic change fuels the problem in LICs, it mitigates the issue in their MIC counterparts. Third, savings, government-effectiveness, foreign-aid and inflationary pressures only accentuate the problem for both income groups. Fourth, corruption-control becomes a vital tool for emigration-control in both income-brackets. Fifth, while trade openness mitigates physician emigration in LICs, financial openness has the opposite effect on nurse emigration. In the latter case (when existing immigration levels are high), the following conclusions have been drawn. First, While economic prosperity fights nurse emigration only in LICs, savings is a tool against physician emigration only in their MIC counterparts. Second, health expenditure and inflationary pressures are relevant tools in the battle against physician resource flight. Third, whereas, government effectiveness is an important policy measure for mitigating emigration in LICs, human development plays a similar role in MICs. Fourth, democracy, press-freedom, foreign-aid and financial openness fuel emigration in either income strata. Fifth, population growth and trade openness are important tools in the fight against brain-drain. Sixth, the HIV infection rate is a deterrent only to nurse emigration. Originality/value -- This paper complements existing literature by empirically investigating the World Health Organization hypothetical determinants of health-worker migration in the context of globalization when income-levels matter. In plainer terms, the work explores how the wealth of exporting countries play-out in the determinants of HHR emigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My objective in this paper is to lay the groundwork for a new network-based theory of economic development. The first step is to establish that community-based networks are active throughout the developing world. Plenty of anecdotal and descriptive evidence supports this claim. However, showing that these networks improve the economic outcomes of their members is more of a challenge. Over the course of the paper, I will present multiple strategies that have been employed to directly or indirectly identify network effects. The second step is to look beyond a static role for community networks, one of overcoming market failures and improving the outcomes of their members in the short-run, to examine how these informal institutions can support group mobility. A voluminous literature documents the involvement of communities in internal and international migration, both historically and in the contemporary economy. As with the static analysis, the challenge here is to show statistically that community networks directly support the movement of groups of individuals. I will show how predictions from the theory can be used to infer a link between networks and migration in very different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE We aim to describe the impact of the crisis on the intensity and demographic profile of internal migration and different forms of international emigration. METHODS Using microdata from the Residential Variation Statistics for 2006-2013, we estimate the rates of interregional migration and the different forms of international emigration, including return migration and remigration. We used multinomial regressions. RESULTS Return migration and emigration to an unknown destination increased significantly with respect to interregional mobility at early and late stages of the crisis. In contrast, interregional migration was more likely than international emigration before the first stage. Regardless of birthplace, Spanish citizenship is an asset for mobility within Spain and the EU for all foreign-born individuals, and for emigration to non-EU countries for Cubans. Finally, emigration to an unknown destination resembles return migration in its composition by sex, age, and origin. CONTRIBUTION First, we discuss the chronology of migration responses, while showing that the prevalence of each varies according to citizenship status and the stages of the economic downturn. Second, it notes the similarities between emigration to an unknown destination and return migration captured by the Spanish Residential Variation Statistics, supporting the argument that the former is a kind of return adopted by immigrants without Spanish citizenship. Third, although Spain is one of the European countries with a significant share of foreign-born populations and also one of the few countries with statistics to examine both internal migration and international emigration, this paper constitutes the first attempt to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant’s crisis of 2015 affected the credibility of the social security system built and strengthened over the past three decades by the European Union. Adoption of the refugee quotas in order to be relocated by the Member States of the European Union is a current issue that requires at least two directions of analysis: increasing the efficiency of the European Union humanitarian aid addressed to destination countries and deepening the dimensions of the integrative process of social inclusion of migrants. This article proposes to review the state of implementation mechanisms for supporting measures addressed to migration flows developed by the European Union together with candidate states and the mechanisms developed by international institutions and organization in order to provide specific measures of humanitarian assistance to populations in affected areas war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of international emigration and remittances on incomes and poverty in sending areas are increasingly studied with household survey data. But comparing households with and without emigrants is complicated by a triple-selectivity problem: first, households self-select into emigration; second, in some emigrant households everyone moves while others leave members behind; and third, some emigrants choose to return to the origin country. Allowing for duration-dependent heterogeneity introduces a fourth form of selectivity—we must now worry not just about whether households migrate, but also when they do so. This paper sets out these selectivity issues and their implications for existing migration studies and then addresses them by using survey data designed specifically to take advantage of a randomized lottery that determines which applicants to the oversubscribed Samoan Quota (SQ) may immigrate to New Zealand. We compare incomes and poverty rates among left-behind members in households in Samoa that sent SQ emigrants with those for members of similar households that were unsuccessful in the lottery. Policy rules control who can accompany the principal migrant, providing an instrument to address the second selectivity problem, while differences among migrants in which year their ballot was selected allow us to estimate duration effects. We find that migration reduced poverty among former household members but also find suggestive evidence that this effect may be short-lived as both remittances and agricultural income are negatively related to the duration that the migrant has been abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the brain drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We first assess the magnitude, intensity, and determinants of the brain drain, showing that brain drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming a dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a brain drain affects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country's human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical brain drain, the exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India's information technology sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context. (JEL F02, F22, J24, J61, O15) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Attitudes and migration policy We are experiencing a wave of globalization that includes everything but labour. In this paper, we argue that this is the result of restrictive migration policies implemented by destination countries. In democratic societies individual attitudes of voters represent the foundations of policy making. To understand policy outcomes, we analyse the patterns and determinants of voters’ opinions on immigration. We find that, across countries of different income levels, only a small minority of voters favour more open policies. Furthermore, our analysis supports the role played by economic channels in shaping public opinion. We next investigate how attitudes translate into policy outcomes, considering two alternative frameworks: the median voter and the interest groups model. On the one hand, the very low percentages of voters favouring immigration are, in light of the existing restrictive policies, consistent with the median voter framework. At the same time, given the extent of opposition to immigration that appears in public opinion, it is somewhat surprising in a median voter framework that immigration takes place at all. We find that interest-groups dynamics have the potential to explain this puzzle. — Giovanni Facchini and Anna Maria Mayda [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically analyzes economic and noneconomic determinants of individual attitudes toward immigrants, within and across countries. The two survey data sets used, covering a wide range of developed and developing countries, make it possible to test for interactive effects between individual characteristics and country-level attributes. In particular, theory predicts that the correlation between pro-immigration attitudes and individual skill should be related to the skill composition of natives relative to immigrants in the destination country. Skilled individuals should favor immigration in countries where natives are more skilled than immigrants and oppose it otherwise. Results based on direct and indirect measures of the relative skill composition are consistent with these predictions. Noneconomic variables also are correlated with immigration attitudes, but they don't alter significantly the labor-market results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes as a reference, empirical analyses conducted in northern European countries and the United States which associate socioeconomic factors to the location patterns of immigrants. It has been suggested that the socioeconomic context of southern Europe could impact immigrants' location choices. We analyze data on the location of immigrants in municipalities of the Andalusian region in southern Spain with respect to the factors that most influence immigrants' location preferences as discussed in the literature: a pre-existing immigrant community, economic dynamism, population size and other scarcely investigated factors such as the territorial characteristics of the municipality and its productive structure. We conclude that immigrant location patterns in Andalusia are very similar to those found in geographical areas outside Spain, with the exception of specific characteristics related to the social and labor model of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 2016, the International Monetary Fund released a report confirming that increased labour mobility to Malta had a positive impact on the country’s economy. A mass inflow of non-Maltese workers has boosted Malta’s potential growth and off set the declining working Maltese age population. The presence of foreign nationals has dramatically increased in one the world’s most densely populated countries. Political discourse, social tensions and the government’s slow response addressing the needs of increasingly diverse constituency have proven that Malta is still an island in transition. By establishing the rapid change in demographics and economic expansion, this paper explores the media’s role in informing the public on economic realities and implications that an increase in migrants and immigrants has had on the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Presents summaries of research produced by the economists at the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank. "Local Open Economies Within the U.S.: How Do Industries Respond to Immigration," by Ethan Lewis; "The Rise of the Skilled City," by Edward L. Glaeser; "How Did the Miami Labor Market Absorb the Mariel Immigrants," by Ethan Lewis.

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The article presents abstracts of research in economic history, including "Banks, Credit Markets and Development: A Study of Plymouth County, Massachusetts," "Liquidity Constraints, Informal Lending and the Timing of Emigration" and "Enclosure and Agricultural Development in Scotland" and "Labor Demand and the Production of Retail Services in the Early Twentieth Century."

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The paper assesses the costs and household level benefits of migrating overseas from Bangladesh. We survey households who have had overseas migrants to assess their characteristics compared to non-migrants. We also compute various types of migration and remittance related transaction costs and discuss the channels by which overseas migration is financed, remittances sent and the constraints faced by the poorest. Using the Propensity Score Matching method to address household level selection bias, the paper finds that overseas migration conveys substantial benefits to families as measured by household consumption, use of modern agricultural inputs, and the level of household savings. We also offer some possible policy directions to strengthen the returns from migration as well as reduce some of the costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An essay is presented on migration and crisis in Europe which is the death drive of capitalism. The authors say that migration has became a social force that challenges various organisations of power and control and it is the fact that causes capitalism. They mention that migration became important for motivating a mode of production and social reproduction.

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Immigrants coming to Canada over the last two decades have been doing considerably worse in terms of economic outcomes than in previous decades and observers could be missing the real reason why. Until now, we have heard suggestions that it has to do with the changing economy, systemic racism or barriers to getting foreign work credentials recognized. But one likely possibility has not yet been seriously considered: that changes in the early 1990s to the way economic immigrants are processed may have resulted in a system that is poorer at selecting those immigrants likeliest to succeed in Canada. The good news is that this problem is fixable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of regional socio-economic features of the destination of floating population is paid rarely attention in literatures on migration in China. Based on the data of 2015 National Migrants Dynamic Monitoring Survey and relevant statistical yearbooks, this paper discusses the regional determinants (socio-economic features) of the residential intention of floating population in destination place, with hierarchical binominal/multinomial logistic regression model controlling the features at individual and family level. Results of hierarchical model indicate that the regional socio-economic features of the destination play different important role in the individuallevel residential intention in various ways. The regional economic features make the effect on the residential intention of floating population by the means of the individual-level education, income, and whether living together with spouses at family level. However, the effect of the regional social features on the residential intention of floating population, to some extent, is ineffective. And, the rise of the individual-level socio-economic status, and living with spouses at family-level, will significantly promote the residential intention of floating population. We conclude that the residential intention of floating population is a rational decision made by individual and family based on the interaction between the individual/family characteristics and the regional-level socio-economic development features of the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration waves in Europe in the past century had diverse causes but currently prevailing purposes for migration are of economic origin. International labour migration is mainly promoted by economic interests. This paper puts together important facts regarding motivation to labour migration and provides explanations of their impacts on the macroeconomic level. Understanding of broader migration patterns and identification of key determinants of migration described in this paper may allow the evaluation of applied migration policies and the determination of macro- and microeconomic benefits and costs of international labour migration. A partial objective of the practical part of the paper is to evaluate relationships between the rate of migration and the unemployment rate in countries of the Visegrad group using adequate quantitative methods. To determine parameters of a regression function were used methods of regression and correlation analysis including testing the statistical significance. Based on these results, the existence of correlation is evident between the crude rate of net migration and the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic and Hungary but calculated correlation indices in Poland and Slovakia were evaluated as statistically insignificant which can be attributed to higher structural problems of those two economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper analyzes the characteristics of migration process in Baja California Sur, on the Pacific Ocean coast of northwest Mexico, where immigration has impacted the local economy through the development of tourism and intensive agriculture that target foreign markets. This has encouraged an annual rate of population growth of 10% during the last decade, feeding into employment in both formal and informal sectors. Referring to the cases of women who develop beach vending activities and agricultural workers, this paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of how migration and the informal labor market intertwine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper yields a rationale for why subsidized public banks may increase regional welfare in a financially integrated economy. We present a model with credit rationing and heterogeneous regions in which public banks prevent a capital drain from poorer to richer regions by subsidizing local depositors, for example, through public guarantees. Under some conditions, cooperative banks can perform the same function without any subsidies; however, they may be crowded out by public banks. We also discuss the influence of the political structure on the emergence of public banks in simple political-economy settings and the role of interregional mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents comparative research on immigrant and native households in the United States and their voluntary contributions of time and money toward the provision of public goods, their private transfers toward extended family, and the assistance they receive from nongovernmental sources. Using data from the 2001 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the 2003 Current Population Survey, the study finds that U.S. immigrant households do not "free ride" significantly more than native households, and are less likely to receive nongovernmental assistance. Implications for the long-term impact of immigration are also discussed.

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