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Abstract: Jordan heavily relies on imported oil and gas for meeting its energy need as the same time the construction sector consumed more than half of the total electricity consumption in Jordan in 2008. In order to provide the occupants with thermal comfort at least cost, applying energy saving measures into early design stage can be significant to achieve this goal. This paper discusses an assessment of best orientation of the building, windows size, thermal insulation thickness from energetic, economic and environmental point of view for typical residential building located in Mediterranean region. The results show that about 27.59% of annual energy consumption can be saved by choosing best orientation, optimum size of windows and shading device, and optimum insulation thickness. The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is reduced by 11.94%. The specific energy consumption per square meter is 64kWh/m2 a. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Trigeneration systems, also known as Combined Heat, Cooling and Power (CHCP) systems, are interesting alternatives to supply different energy services in urban districts and in large buildings, particularly in warm areas such as Mediterranean countries. These systems can provide substantial benefits from economic, energetic, and environmental viewpoints, since the cogenerated heat can be used for heating in winter as well as cooling in summer with an absorption refrigerator. This paper develops an optimization model using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to determine the type, number and capacity of equipment in CHCP systems installed in the tertiary sector as well as to establish the optimal operation mode for the different plant components on an hour-by-hour basis throughout the year. The objective function to be minimized is the annual total cost. The optimization model considers the legal constraints imposed to feed the surplus autogenerated electricity into the grid at a regulated feed-in tariff. The optimization model is applied to design a system providing energy services for a hospital located in the city of Zaragoza (Spain). The effects of the financial market conditions and energy prices in the optimal structure of the system are analyzed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The new international situation after the cold war made Turkey a far more active and pragmatic player. Nowadays, energy security is a growing concern in the Turkish foreign policy. Turkey is one of the world's fastest growing energy markets and importer of energy resources. The country's geographic location made it play a special role in international relations. It is a natural bridge connecting Europe and the Caspian and Middle Eastern energy producing states. Turkey's aim is to participate in the EU's energy policy as a center of transit and distribution of oil and gas. It will make possible for the European Union to avoid the energy transmission through Russia. It is anticipated that 6 to 7% of global oil supply will be transported via Turkey by 2012 and that Ceyhan will become a major energy hub and the largest oil outlet terminal in the Eastern Mediterranean. In this way Turkey wants to speed up its integration with the European Union. EU will probably systematically include Turkey in developing its energy strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]