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2. The Changing Academic Profession in Asia: The Formation, Work, Academic Productivity, and Internationalization of the Academy. Report of the International Conference on the Changing Academic Profession Project, 2014. RIHE International Seminar Reports. No. 22
- Author
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Hiroshima University, Research Institute for Higher Education (Japan)
- Abstract
The International Conference on the Changing Academic Profession Project convened in Hiroshima City, Japan, January 24-25, 2014. It was jointly hosted by the Research Institutes of Higher Education at Hiroshima and Kurashiki Sakuyo Universities. The theme of the conference was "The Changing Academic Profession in Asia: The Formation, Work, Academic Productivity, and Internationalization of the Academy." Two keynote address and eight presentations were made by university professors from seven countries and regions. The present volume is a collection of the addresses and papers presented at the conference. Following a foreword by Fumihiro Maruyama, contents include: (1) Institutionalization of the R-T-S Nexus in the Academic Profession from an International, Comparative Perspective (Akira Arimoto); (2) Strong States, Strong Systems (William K. Cummings); (3) Quality of Education and Research at Higher Education Institutions in Cambodia: Results of the Survey on University Faculty Members (Yuto Kitamura, Naoki Umemiya, and Aki Osawa); (4) The Internationalization of the Academy in Asia: Major Findings from the International Survey (Futao Huang); (5) Effects of International Education Degree and Organizational Effectiveness Perception on Academic Research Productivity in China (Lu Li and Fengqiao Yan); (6) Career Prospects of the Malaysian Academic Profession (Aida Suraya Md. Yunus and Vincent Pang); (7) Academic Career Development in Vietnam (Pham Thanh Nghi); (8) The Self-Contained Academic Profession in Japan, a Matured Country (Akiyoshi Yonezawa); (9) The Impact of Research Productivity on Academics in Taiwan (Robin J. Chen and Ching-Shan Wu); (10) University Academic Staffs' Career and Research Productivity: Similarities and Differences in Six Asian Nations (Tsukasa Daizen); and (11) What Is a Mature University in This Competitive World? (Yumiko Hada). The conference program and list of participants are appended. Individual papers contain references. [Charles R. Barton edited the manuscripts in this report. For "The Internationalization of Higher Education: Realities and Implications. Report of the International Workshop on University, 2013. RIHE International Seminar Reports. No. 21," see ED574175.]
- Published
- 2015
3. Mapping Students' Readiness for E-Learning in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis
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Anamica Maan and Kapil Malhotra
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This paper reports the findings of a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer on 392 Scopus database documents published from 2003 to 2022, aiming to understand the global landscape of the e-learning field and to identify the most prominent authors, institutions, countries and reference publications, as well as the research topics that have recently received the most attention in students' readiness for e-learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The findings indicate that there has been an upward trend in e-learning readiness among students in HEIs over time. Among the countries studied, the United States, Taiwan, Australia, and Malaysia were found to have the most effective approaches to addressing students' readiness for e-learning. The most highly cited author in this field is M-L. Hung. Based on the citations, the most recognised journal in this field was "Computers and Education" and the universities that were most persuasive were two Taiwan universities in the first position. The data also revealed relatively low levels of collaboration among authors, institutions and nations regarding students' readiness for e-learning.
- Published
- 2024
4. Current Trends and Realities of International Students in East and Southeast Asia: The Cases of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Malaysia
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Vuong, Quan-Hoang, Pham, Hiep-Hung, Dong, Thi-Kieu-Trang, Ho, Manh-Toan, and Dinh, Viet-Hung
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By reviewing regulative documents and extant literature, this paper explores the realities and trends of international students in East and Southeast Asia (ESA). It also shows motivation and strategies of four new players in the international higher education sector in East and Southeast Asia i.e., China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Malaysia. Apart from showing that intraregional students have not predominated the overall international student population in the region anymore, the paper highlights that ESA region has become an established hub of international students rather than a new emerging destination as it was in previous years. The overall net flow of international students in this region was still deficit prior to 2010s, but the deficit in 2017 is still less than that of 2010?s. This is probably the first study of its kind to examine the trends of international students as well as of higher education policies of countries in the ESA region. The findings of this study shall provide an insight into international higher education trends among the ESA countries for stakeholders, including policymakers, university managers, faculty, students, and parents.
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- 2021
5. International. [SITE 2001 Section].
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Willis, Dee Anna and Willis, Dee Anna
- Abstract
This document contains the following papers on international issues from the SITE (Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education) 2001 conference: (1) "Attitudes of Malaysian Vocational Trainee Teachers towards the Integration of Computer in Teaching" (Ab. Rahim Bakar and Shamsiah Mohamed); (2) "Views from an Asian Bridge: How International Students See Us and Still Survive" (Richard Cornell and others); (3) "Creating Virtual Learning Communities in Africa: Issues and Challenges" (Osei K. Darkwa); (4) "ICTs for Learning: An International Perspective on the Irish Initiative" (Eileen Freeman and others); (5) "An In-Service Program in Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers" (Diana Jenkins and others); (6) "Virtual Exchange Program: Coming to a Computer Near You?" (Chris Junghans); (7) "An Overview of Information Technology on K-12 Education in Taiwan" (Greg Lee and Cheng-Chih Wu); (8) "Findings from the Project for the Longitudinal Assessment of New Information Technologies (PLANIT): 2000-2001" (Cesar Morales and others); (9) "Evaluation of the Girls Research Opportunities in Computing (Girls R.O.C.)" (A. Dale Mangoun and Charlotte H. Owens); (10) "Teacher and Student Attitudes toward Computers, 1999-2000: Findings from a Suburban Texas School District" (Gerald Knezek and Rhonda Christensen); (11) "Teachers and Students' Attitudes toward Computers in Mexico: Results of Phase 2000" (Cesareo Morales); (12) "Preservice Teachers' Attitudes toward Information Technology in Brunei" (Mint Swe Khine); (13) "Findings from Thailand for the Longitudinal Assessment of New Information Technologies" (Nanta Palitawanont); (14) "Multimedia in Chinese Elementary Schools" (John Ronghua Ouyang and James E. Yao); (15) "An Instrument To Measure Malaysian Teachers' IT Preparedness" (Wong Su Luan and others); (16) "An In-Service Program for Ecuadorian Teachers. The Innovation of Elementary Education in the Santa Elena Peninsula Project" (Martin Valcke and Katherine M. Chiluiza); and (17) "Critical Kiwi Chronicles: Technology and Teacher Education in New Zealand" (Cameron White). An abstract of the following paper is also included: "An Introductory Internet Skills Program for Teacher Education: Or from Practice to Theory: A Case Study" (Cameron Richards and Mita Bhattacharya). Most papers contain references. (MES)
- Published
- 2001
6. HRD in Asia. Symposium 3. [AHRD Conference, 2001].
- Abstract
This document contains three papers on human resource development (HRD) in Asia. "The Experiences of HRD Professionals Participating in Continuing Professional Development in Taiwan" (Yu-Shu [Jason] Chen) reports on a study that was based on the method of hermeneutic phenomenology and conducted to describe and interpret the experiences of Taiwanese HRD professionals participating in continuing professional development. "What Is It Like to Be a Taiwanese HR Practitioner Performing HRD Tasks?" (Ya-Hui [Bella] Lien, Gary N. McLean) discusses the following themes, which were identified during an interpretive study in which seven HRD professionals were interviewed about their daily work experiences as HRD practitioners: (1) HRD is one aspect of human resource management; (2) HRD is equated with training in Taiwan; and (3) HRD success relies on the visions and support of top management. "A Study of Human Resource Development in Indigenous Firms and Multinational Corporations in East and Southeast Asia" (Kenneth R. Bartlett, John J. Lawler, Johngseok Bae, Shyh-Jer Chen, Tai Wai David Wan) presents a comparative study that revealed significant differences in the attitudes of HRD professionals toward provision of short-term and longer-term job-related training in multinational and locally owned corporations in four Southeast Asian countries. All three papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)
- Published
- 2001
7. Assessing the Intended Participation of Young Adolescents as Future Citizens: Comparing Results from Five East Asian Countries
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Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE), Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, and Fraillon, Julian
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Based on student survey data from five East Asian countries, the paper contains an analysis of attitudes towards the use of personal connections in politics and towards personal morality among politicians. The first part of the analysis describes the extent and variations of these attitudes, which are viewed as of particular relevance within the East Asian context. The second part of the analysis investigates the relationship of these attitudes with student background and school-related variables such as civic knowledge as well as uncovering the extent to which these attitudes are related to indicators of future civic engagement among students. (Contains 1 figure and 7 tables.)
- Published
- 2012
8. On the Possibility of Mandarin Chinese as a 'Lingua Franca'
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Plumb, Christopher
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Recently there has been an increase in the number of students learning Mandarin Chinese (in mainland China and internationally). This increase has led to speculation that Mandarin Chinese is becoming a mainstream global language to the point of becoming a "lingua franca." This paper utilizes research findings from different regions and focal points and argues that Mandarin Chinese could be accepted as a "lingua franca" within some contexts, but is unlikely to do so in others. It argues that Mandarin Chinese is generally accepted as the "lingua franca" of China and a possible "lingua franca" within the East Asian region, while unlikely to become a "lingua franca" globally. The paper compares a number of different reasons for studying Mandarin Chinese by different stakeholders (i.e. governments, school boards, individual students) as well as comparative numbers of language learners. This paper also examines if Mandarin is the dominant and undisputed form of global Chinese. It concludes by demonstrating that there is a greater need for further research into Mandarin Chinese as a "lingua franca."
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- 2016
9. Asian Women in Transitions: How Modernization Affects Their Lives.
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Chiang, Linda H.
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East Asia is the region which has experienced unprecedented growth in the past few decades. This growth resulted in the increase in education opportunities and the empowerment of women. Modernization and globalization provided opportunities for many women in China, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan. Modern Asian women can obtain higher education and gain status in their careers; they are at the crossroads between tradition and modernity. This paper provides information about the women's movements in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. Readers obtain an understanding of globalization and its impact on women's lives in these societies. It concludes that the status of women has improved dramatically over the last 30 years; but there are still obstacles that prevent women from achieving equity in political participation, equal pay, and equal share of household responsibilities. Contains a 13-item bibliography. (Author/BT)
- Published
- 2002
10. Problematic Internet Uses and Depression in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
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Lozano-Blasco, Raquel and Cortés-Pascual, Alejandra
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Widespread use of the Internet in 21st century society is not risk-free. This paper studies the comorbidity of some problematic uses of Internet with depression in order to assess their correlation. With that aim, a meta-analysis of 19 samples obtained from 13 different studies (n=33,458) was carried out. The subjects of these studies are adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years ([mu]=15.68) from different cultures and continents (Europe, Euro-Asia, America and Asia). The effect size obtained from the use of a random-effects model (r=0.3, p<0.000) is significant, moderate and positive, thus confirming the relation between pathologic uses of the Internet and depression. Moreover, meta-regression test results showed that 9% of the variance (R2=0.09) is associated with the male gender, while age and culture are not significant variables. The variability rate of the studies is high (I2=87.085%), as a consequence of heterogeneity rather than publication bias, as Egger's regression test shows (1-tailed p-value=0.25; 2-tailed p-value=0.50, and [sigma]=1.57). Therefore, the need for specific interventions in secondary education dealing with this issue is evident to ensure that it does not extend into adult life.
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- 2020
11. Proceedings of the CIAE Pre-Conference (61st, Las Vegas, Nevada, November 4-6, 2012)
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American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE), Commission for International Adult Education (CIAE)
- Abstract
The Commission on International Adult Education (CIAE) of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE) provides a forum for the discussion of international issues related to adult education in general, as well as adult education in various countries around the globe. The following purposes summarize the work of the Commission: (1) To develop linkages with adult education associations in other countries; (2) To encourage exchanges between AAACE and associations from other countries; (3) To invite conference participation and presentations by interested adult educators around the world; and (4) To discuss how adult educators from AAACE and other nations may cooperate on projects of mutual interest and benefit to those served. The Commission holds its annual meeting in conjunction with the AAACE conference. The following papers are presented at the 2012 CIAE Pre-Conference: (1) Religious Rites and Celebrations As Frameworks for Lifelong Learning in Traditional Africa (Mejai B.M. Avoseh); (2) A Confucian Model for Scholarly Development (Elizabeth Anne Erichsen and Qi Sun); (3) The Use of Learning the Contract Within a University Setting in an Italian University (Monica Fedeli, Ettore Felisatti, and Mario Giampaolo); (4) The Cross-Culture Readiness Exposure Scale (CRES) (Emmanuel Jean Francois); (5) International History and Philosophy of Andragogy: Abbreviated for 2012 with Newer Perspective and Insights (John A. Henschke); (6) Exploring Cross-Cultural Learning Styles Differences of African and American Adult Learners (Alex Kumi-Yeboah and Waynne James); (7) An Educational Preparatory Program for Active Aging: Preliminary Results Based on Proactive Coping Theory (Ya-Hui Lee, Hui-Chuan Wei, Yu Fen Hsiao, Liang-Yi Chang, and Chen-Yi Yu); (8) Global Work Competencies and the Identification and Selection of Candidates for Expatriate Assignments (Arthur Ray McCrory); (9) Adult Education/Learning in South Africa: Promises and Challenges (Matata Johannes Mokoele); (10) Cross-Cultural Use of Surveys and Instruments in International Research: Lessons Learned From A Study in Turkey and the United States (Claudette M. Peterson, Anita Welch, Mustafa Cakir, and Chris M. Ray); (11) English Only? English-Only Policies, Multilingual Education and its Ramifications on Global Workforce Productivity (Orlando A. Pizana and Alex Kumi-Yeboah); (12) Reflections On A Research Experience at an International Treasure: The Alexander N. Charters Library of Resources for Educators of Adults (Lori Risley); (13) Bridging Adult Education Between East and West: Critical Reflection and Examination of Western Perspectives on Eastern Reality (Qi Sun and Elizabeth Anne Erichsen); (14) The Challenges and Prospects of Adult Education Programmes in Nigerian Universities (Nneka A. Umezulike); (15) The Perceived Impact of Women for Women International (WFWI) Non-formal Learning Programmes for Rural Women in Nigeria (Loretta C. Ukwuaba and Nneka A. Umezulike); (16) Perceptions of Needed Attitudinal Competencies Compared by Geographical Region (Helena Wallenberg-Lerner and Waynne B. James); (17) Identifying Intercultural Sensitivity Competencies Through Focus Group Research (Melanie L. Wicinski and Arthur Ray McCrory); and (18) Measuring Intercultural Sensitivity at the Army Medical Department Center and School: The IRB Process--Challenges and Lessons Learned (Roberta E. Worsham and Melanie L. Wicinski). Individual papers contain figures, tables, references and footnotes.
- Published
- 2012
12. The Changing Academic Profession in Asia: Contexts, Realities and Trends. Report of the International Conference on the Changing Academic Profession Project, 2011. RIHE International Seminar Reports. No. 17
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Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University
- Abstract
The Research Institute for Higher Education (RIHE) at Hiroshima University established a program of research on the Changing Academic Profession (CAP) in 2005. The first conference of this new project was held in Hiroshima in February 2011. This conference was organized by the Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, Japan in cooperation with Hijiyama University, Japan. The following papers are presented at the conference: (1) Universities Reforms in Japan (Tsuyoshi Enomoto); (2) International Trends in the Academic Profession from a Japanese Perspective (Akira Arimoto); (3) The Rise of Asian Research Universities: Focus on the Context (William K. Cummings); (4) Is There an Asian Academic Profession? Common and Diverse Features in Comparative Perspective (Ester Ava Hohle and Ulrich Teichler); (5) The Same Term but Different Connotations: Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Studying the Academic Profession in Asia (Fengqiao Yan); (6) The Academic Profession in East Asia: Change and Realities (Futao Huang); (7) The Academic Profession in Japan: Work, Careers and Scholarship (Hideto Fukudome); (8) The Academic Profession in Malaysia 2010: A Proposed Study (Vincent Pang, Morshidi Sirat, Aida Suraya Md Yunus, Ambigapathy Pandian, Fauziah Mohd. Taib; Munir Shuib, Norzaini Azman, Koo Yew Lie, Shukran Abdul Rahman, Rosni Bakar, Lay Yooh Fah, Ramayah Thurasamy, Worran Kabul, Roszehan Md. Idrus, Lai Yew Meng, and Mohd. Rahimie Abd. Rahim); (9) The Korean Academic Profession Revisited: Academic Activity, Performance and Governance (Jung Cheol Shin); (10) The Internationalization of Universities in South Korea: Networking Strategies and Research Performance (Soo Jeung Lee and Yangson Kim); (11) The Changing Taiwanese Academic Profession: From Regulation to Supervision (Hsiou-Hsia Tai and Chia-Yu Chen); (12) Connect ASEAN: Promoting Regional Integration in Higher Education in Southeast Asia (Supachai Yavaprabhas); (13) The U.S. as a Prototype for an Asian Academic Profession: What Does That Prototype Really Look Like? (Martin J. Finkelstein); and (14) Changes in and Issues of Academic Profession in Asia (Futao Huang). Appended are: (1) Conference Program; and (2) List of Participants. Individual papers contain figures, tables, references and footnotes.
- Published
- 2011
13. An International Perspective: Finance and Accountability Issues in Taiwan
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King, Richard A.
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The global movement to improve education by decentralizing governance and financial management and by holding school personnel accountable for outcomes aligned with standards extends even to traditionally centralized systems in Asia. The author explores research questions related to how resources are acquired, who decides how best to use resources within schools, and accountability for school performance in Taiwan. During 2004-2005, the author interviewed principals of nine elementary, junior high, and senior high schools in three regions (large and small cities; rural communities). On-site interviews and reviews of such documents as school budgets and brochures describing goals and programs reveal similarities and differences in the following: sources of funds; budget development; the determination of priorities for curriculum, special programs, and hiring personnel; school-level control of resources; use of student outcomes in curricular and budget decisions; and external accountability systems. Following a qualitative case study method, the author discusses conclusions within three themes that emerged from the data: (1) dependence; (2) relationships; and (3) accountability. (Contains 1 endnote.)
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- 2006
14. A Review of HRD Research in Three Areas of East Asia: Mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan
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Lee, Yi-Hsuan, Lin, Jie, Paprock, Kenneth E., Lynham, Susan A., and Li, Jie
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Recent research focusing on Human Resource Development (HRD) in East Asia is attracting increasing attention. The purpose of the study is to explore the definition and practice of HRD, together with influencing cultural factors, in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan. The results indicate a difference in the definition and implementation of HRD among these three areas, and that the nature and role of HRD are influenced by cultural factors specific to each region examined. [For complete proceedings, see ED491481.]
- Published
- 2004
15. Four Little Dragons' Technology Education.
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Lee, Lung-Sheng
- Abstract
Secondary-level technology programs in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan (also known as the "Four Little Dragons") were compared by using a methodology incorporating four stages: description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. It was discovered that, in all four countries, technology education is required for all students in the lower secondary grades (grades 7-9) and offered on an elective basis to students in the upper secondary grades (grades 10-12). A trend toward increasing incorporation of information technology into technology education was noted in all four countries. Emphasis on higher-order thinking skills and the role of problem solving in the design process also appeared to be increasing in all four countries. Among the common problems faced by all four countries in the implementation of technology education were the following: lack of qualified teachers and adequate equipment; insufficient financial support and teaching hours; and out-of-date curricula. More dialogue among technology educators from Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan is necessary. All four countries' chances of fostering technology education are good provided they engage in ongoing and systematic curriculum development and effective professional supervision. (MN)
- Published
- 1998
16. Education of Gifted and Talented Students in China, Taiwan, and Japan.
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Stevenson, Harold W.
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This paper, commissioned for the development of the national report, "National Excellence: A Case for Developing America's Talent," analyzes the policies and practices for educating high-ability students in Japan, Taiwan, and China. It reports on studies over the past 11 years of East Asian children's academic achievement. In the first section, the report looks at governmental policies and practices concerning the education of three types of students: (1) those who display high levels of intelligence, (2) those who are talented in the arts, and (3) those who are high academic achievers. Special programs both in and out of school are described. In the second part, the report describes the characteristics of students who have participated in the authors' studies and compares their performance and personal characteristics with those of American peers. Discussion focuses on students who demonstrate high levels of cognitive ability and on students who display exceptional ability in mathematics. The paper notes that programs for gifted and talented children in East Asia are new; the majority, especially in China and Taiwan, established only during the last decade. Japan supports no programs specifically for gifted students prior to the high school level. There is a greater emphasis of East Asian cultures on effort, rather than ability. (Contains 16 references.) (DB)
- Published
- 1994
17. Learning To Listen to Authentic English from Satellite TV.
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Katchen, Johanna E.
- Abstract
The transcript of a conference presentation describes, with audience activities, one college instructor's use of videotaped television broadcasts for English-as-a-Second-Language instruction in Taiwan. The method, intended primarily for developing listening skills, makes use of English-language satellite television now widely available. Students use tapes of authentic broadcasts in class and are encouraged to watch the same network in their leisure time. A primary objective is for students to feel comfortable enough with English language listening to undertake it on their own. News broadcasts and music videos have been particularly useful instructional materials. The news stories broadcast on the satellite network are generally of international or general human interest, address varied topics, are authentic, contain varied language, are culturally structured, and because of their nature, often provide additional aids to comprehension. The topics may already be familiar from native-language broadcasts. News stories offer a variety of classroom activities. Music videos are appealing to students and offer many possibilities for listening activities, including use of cloze tests and analyses of lyrics, music, and visual activity. Group questions and handouts used in class and in the presentation are appended. (MSE)
- Published
- 1994
18. Adopting Creative Pedagogy into Asian Classrooms?--'Case Studies of Primary School Teachers' Responses and Dilemma'
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Lin, Yu-sien
- Abstract
Albeit school teachers' traditional concepts are believed one of the obstacles of fostering children's creativity, their voices and demands were not heard among the attempts of promoting creativity education in Taiwan. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of primary school teachers' responses of adopting creative pedagogy in an Asian context. Ten-week lessons based on the framework of creative pedagogy were designed and taught to two six-grade classes by the researcher. During the lessons, the classroom teachers acted as non-participant observers; their views concerning the pedagogy and ethos were collected through individual interviews in the end of the project. Strategies employed in the lessons were considered useful in developing creative qualities. Tensions of adopting creative pedagogy were also indicated. Their concerns revealed certain misconceptions of as well as the support they need in adopting creative pedagogy. A need to contextualise creative pedagogy is urged in this paper.
- Published
- 2012
19. Media Education: Definitions, Approaches and Development around the Globe
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Lee, Alice Y. L.
- Abstract
Background: Media education is the study of the media with the aim of cultivating people's media literacy. In the past four decades, media education has rapidly developed in school systems and communities all over the world. Each country has its own developmental trajectory. With the rise of the interactive new media, media education is going to have a paradigm shift, bringing media education study into a new era. Goals: This paper discusses the rationales, definitions and approaches of media education. It also provides an overview about the global development of media literacy training. Results: Although different countries define media education in different ways, they share the common goal of training media literate people to deal with the media in an intelligent and responsible way. Media education has been well developed in the West but in recent years Asia regions such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China and Japan are gaining their momentum. With the emergence of various new media devices, media education is regarded as playing a more important role in cultivating wise prosumers in the 21st century.
- Published
- 2010
20. Hepatitis B and the Case of the Missing Women
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Oster, Emily
- Abstract
In many Asian countries the ratio of male to female population is higher than in the West: as high as 1.07 in China and India, and even higher in Pakistan. A number of authors (most notably Amartya Sen) have suggested that this imbalance reflects excess female mortality and have argued that as many as 100 million women are "missing." This paper proposes an explanation for some of the observed overrepresentation of men: the hepatitis B virus. I present new evidence, consistent with an existing scientific literature, that carriers of the hepatitis B virus have offspring sex ratios around 1.50 boys for each girl. This evidence includes both cross-country analyses and a natural experiment based on recent vaccination campaigns. Hepatitis B is common in many Asian countries, especially China, where some 10-15 percent of the population is infected. Using data on prevalence of the virus by country and estimates of the effect of hepatitis on the sex ratio, I argue that hepatitis B can account for about 45 percent of the "missing women": around 75 percent in China, between 20 and 50 percent in Egypt and western Asia, and under 20 percent in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal. (Contains 29 notes, 12 tables, and 3 appendixes.)
- Published
- 2005
21. Lifelong Learning Research Conference Proceedings (7th, College Park, Maryland, February 21-22, 1985).
- Author
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Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Agriculture and Extension Education., Rivera, William M., and Walker, Sharon M.
- Abstract
The 48 papers in this proceedings focus on aspects of non-formal adult education including international comparative adult education. The papers are: "Lifelong Learning in Perspective" (Knox); "Women in their Thirties: The In-Between Generation" (Caffarella, Freeman); "Development in Women: An Analysis of the Appropriateness of an Age-Related Life Phase Typology" (Knott); "Researching the Relationship between Life Satisfaction of Older Adults and Their Participation in Volunteer Activities" (Deaton, Blieszner); "The Role of Religious Institutions in the Lifelong Learning Process in Roxbury, Massachusetts from 1900-1980" (Dickens); "Political Adult Education: A Study of Community Legal Education in One Major City" (Marx-Singer); "Perceptions of Their Adolescence Held by Adult Incarcerated Males: Implications for Adult Education" (Dowling); "The Measurement of Organizational Climate in the Washington State University Cooperative Extension" (Fortner et al.); "Commitment and Systematic Approach Yield Progress in Civil Rights Compliance" (Gerken et al.); "Testing an Alternate Approach to Extension for Limited Resource Farm Families with Emphasis on Developing Countries" (Mercado, Carter); "Benefits of Noncredit Adult Education in Extension Pride and Non-Pride Groups" (Oaklief); "Factors for Agricultural Extension Success: Organizational, Interactive, and Contextual" (Rivera); "Class Attitudes, Adult Industrial Education, and the 'New South' in Richmond, Virginia, 1884 to 1904" (Craver); "Nikolai Grundtvig: Eduard Lindeman's Denmark Connection" (Stewart); "Emerging Paradigms and Forms of Adult Education: A Classification Scheme" (Stubblefield); "Refugee Adult Education: A Case Study of an Appropriate Educational Approach in a Technical Society" (Mattocks); "The HRD Professional: A Macromotion Study" (Shipp); "Colleague Coaching to Support Lifelong Learning on the Job: Critical Issues and Implications for Expanded Practice" (Yakowicz); "The Implementation-Replication Extension System: A New, Low-Cost Fuelwood Energy Extension Strategy for Developing Countries" (Belson); "The Cooperative Movement and Greece's Development" (Boucouvalas); "The Role of Adult Education in Development" (Cookson); "The Involvement of Continental European Universities in Continuing Education" (Kulich); "Training for Taking Over: Three Asian Models for Educational Fieldworkers" (Marsick); "Professional Training through Collaborative Research: An Egyptian Case Study" (Rowntree); "The Distance Learning Program at Ikipujung Pandang, Indonesia: Problems and Recommendations for Its Improvement" (Sahide et al.); "Agricultural Extension for the Progressive or Marginal Farmer? The T and V System in Some Sri Lankan Villages (Schneider-Silwa); "A Model of Culture for Cross-Cultural Adult Education: Examples from Agricultural Research Management Training" (Werge); "An Analysis of Adult Learning Styles Using the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator" (Campbell); "Critical Review of Adult Learning Principles from a Self-Directed Learner's Point of View" (Danis, Tremblay); "Effects of Learning Styles and Learning Environment by Levels of Learning" (Korhonen, McCall); "The Relationship between Locus of Control and Value Orientation in Adult Learners" (Londoner et al.); "An Investigation of the Occupational Reading Demands of the Plumbing Trade" (Chang); "Assessing the Impact of Adult Literacy Education" (Copeland et al.); "Interpersonal and Institutional Support: The Impact of Significant Others" (Lewis); "Two Years After the GED Tests: Employment, Education, and Training Activities of GED Examinees" (Reed, Malizio); "Marginal Adult Educators: The Part-Time Instructors of Adults" (Draper); "Notes and Comments on the Panel 'Lifelong Learning--A Problem of Definition, Policy, and Value'" (Martell); "Government and Adult Education in Canada" (Thomas); "An Analysis of the Policies and Issues Which Resulted in the Formation of the Maryland Fire-Rescue Education and Training Commission Using the Systems Theory Model of Policy Formation" (Walz); "Clerical Women as Returning Students" (Bomboy); "Graduate Adult Education as a Socio-Cultural Product: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Professional Preparation in the U.S. and U.K." (Brookfield); "Deterrents to Public Participation in Adult Education" (Darkenwald, Valentine); "Market Research: What Continuing Educators Can Learn From Current Students" (Hanniford); "Competence and Careers: A Study Relating Competencies Acquired in College to Career Options for the Liberal Arts Graduate" (Schall et al.); "How Mandatory Is Mandatory Continuing Education?" (Jahns et al.); "An Application of Social Network Analysis to the Planning of Continuing Professional Education Programs" (West); "Using Microcomputers to Facilitate Qualitative Data Management" (Fingeret); and "Development of a Model for Designing and Evaluating Microcomputer Courses" (Hockaday et al.). (YLB)
- Published
- 1985
22. Generalized Trust and Trust in Institutions in Confucian Asia
- Author
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Tan, Soo Jiuan and Tambyah, Siok Kuan
- Abstract
This study examines generalized trust and trust in institutions in Confucian Asia, covering six countries namely, China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam, and one dependent region, Hong Kong. Using data from the 2006 AsiaBarometer Survey, our study affirms the reliability and validity of using a two-item scale to measure generalized trust. Our analysis suggests that due to demographic differences, there are variations in the level of generalized trust of countries in Confucian Asia, despite the fact that these societies share a similar background in Confucian philosophy. The relationships between generalized trust and political trust, and between generalized trust and trust in public institutions, are weak but positive. The positive relationship between generalized trust and trust in economic institutions is only significant for some of the economies, while trust in international institutions has the weakest relationship with generalized trust for all societies. We conclude the paper with research implications.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A classification of structural inertia: Variations in structural response.
- Author
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Schwarz, Gavin M., Yang, Kuo-Pin, Chou, Christine, and Chiu, Yu-Jen
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL ecology ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,STOCK exchanges ,ENVIRONMENTAL risk ,CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
Structurally inert firms suffer elevated failure risks in the face of environmental change because inertia makes it difficult to keep pace with the speed of such change. Traditionally, this ecology theory based outlook focuses on the risks of mortality, treating the make-up of an organization's architecture as uniform and thus relatively inconsequential for understanding this hazard. Renewing recent debates on inertia and on structure, in this paper we examine the specifics of the make-up of structural inertia in the context of failure hazards—the measurable survival risks associated with failure. Developing a classification of structural inertia, we test a sample of 755 firms listed on the Taiwanese Security Exchange across 52 industries to develop a convention on organizational structure, ratifying that structural inertia differs by type in incorporating failure hazards. Findings differentiate between and elaborate the validating environmental and resource conditions for these different categories, detailing the extent to which failure hazards are related to the specifics of each type. This variation is helpful in explaining better why, despite conditions leading to failure, inert organizations continue to thrive over time. Discussing this logic addresses the narrow representation of structural inertia and limitations to its theoretical development over several decades. It also shows that traditional organizational ecology measures can be legitimately underplayed in organizations dealing with increased failure hazards in favor of the characteristics of different structural inertia types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. CHINA'S SKILLED LABOR ON THE MOVE: How Taiwan Businesses Mobilize Ethnic Resources in Asia.
- Author
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Hong-zen Wang
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration in China ,TAIWANESE corporations ,ECONOMIC globalization -- Developing countries ,ASIAN economic integration ,ECONOMIC conditions in Asia, 1945- ,DEVELOPING countries ,FINANCE - Abstract
This paper discusses how Taiwanese overseas investment creates an ethnic Chinese skilled labor market in Asia. Low costs, no language barrier, and the cultural "lived Taiwan experience" are the benefits. Through three different channels--internal corporate transfer, social networks, and placement agencies--skilled labor from the People's Republic is mobilized to work overseas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. R&D and industrial districts in Asia: an application to Taiwan.
- Author
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Chong Ju Choi, Philip Cheng, Eldomiaty, Tarek Ibrahim, Chu, Robert T. J., and Millar, Carla C. J. M.
- Subjects
- *
INDUSTRIAL districts , *RESEARCH & development , *NEW business enterprises , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *INDUSTRIAL sites , *INDUSTRIAL location , *FIELD research - Abstract
This research analyses the role of public policy and the state in science and technology industries in Asia. The research is based on field studies undertaken at the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park (HSIP) in Taiwan. The state has been seen as crucial to the phenomenal economic success of capitalism and the business systems in Asian countries such as Korea and Taiwan (Wade (1990) Governing the Market, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA). On the other hand, entrepreneurship has been seen to flourish in countries where the state's role has been minor (in Hong Kong for example), and as concluded in the paper, the state has played a major role in nurturing entrepreneurship in Taiwan. The contributions of this paper are twofold: first, to better understand Taiwan's success and lessons for R&D management, and secondly, to raise the potential role of public policy for entrepreneurship and its close relationship with Asian business systems (Phan (2004) 'Entrepreneurship theory: possibilities and future directions', Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp.617-620). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Sectoral systems of innovation in Asia. The case of software research activities.
- Author
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Klincewicz, Krzysztof and Miyazaki, Kumiko
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *RESEARCH & development , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *COMPUTER software developers - Abstract
The article compares sectoral systems of innovation (SSI) related to software in the selected Asian countries: China, India, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, focusing on outputs of scientific research for years 2002-2006 and using tech mining research method. The paper characterises the relative importance of specific domains of applied software research in every country and measures the responsiveness of researchers to emerging technologies. The analysis helps identify potential inefficiencies and strategic threats in the software sectors of the concerned countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The return to value in Asian stock markets
- Author
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Brown, Stephen, Ghon Rhee, S., and Zhang, Liang
- Subjects
- *
STOCK exchanges , *LIQUIDITY (Economics) , *MARKET value , *EMERGING markets , *RATE of return - Abstract
Abstract: This paper investigates the returns to value strategies in four Asian stock markets: Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore exhibit value premia while Taiwan shows value discounts. The impact of firm characteristics on value premia differs across the four markets. The robustness tests indicate that the value premia are time-varying. They become greater in the post-crisis period across all four countries, indicating that high volatility during the crisis period did understate the value premia. The value strategy''s excess return is sensitive to the sample selection rule and the firm size and liquidity effects. With tighter sample selection criteria, value premia tend to decline, which indicates that both the firm size effect and the liquidity effect are important sources of value premia. Unequal weighting assigned to financial variables in constructing the Average Price Rank (APR) based on the overall performance of single-variable approach does not necessarily improve the results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Association of weight change patterns in late adolescence with young adult wage differentials: A multilevel longitudinal study.
- Author
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Huang, Chiao-Yu and Chen, Duan-Rung
- Subjects
WAGE differentials ,WAGE decreases ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ADOLESCENCE ,BODY mass index ,YOUNG adults - Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that different weight change patterns from adolescence to adulthood may exert different effects on opportunities from which individuals subsequently benefit. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of weight change patterns from late adolescence to young adulthood with monthly wage in young adulthood for both genders in Taiwan. Methods: A nationally representative retrospective panel of 3730 young people (1707 men and 2023 women) from the Taiwan Educational Panel Survey (2001–2014) was included. Individuals were divided into four weight-change-pattern categories based on changes in their body mass index at two time points that were 7 years apart, between late adolescence (aged 18–19 years) and young adulthood (aged 25–26 years). These categories were (1) no obesity, (2) obesity reversal, (3) developing obesity, and (4) persistent obesity. Cross-classified, hierarchical linear regression modeling analysis was performed to explore the association of weight change patterns with monthly wage in young adulthood, after adjustment for both individual- and contextual-level variables. Results: Of the weight-change-pattern categories for both genders, individuals with persistent obesity had the lowest monthly wage. For women, the mean monthly wage decreased progressively for the categories of no obesity, obesity reversal, developing obesity, and persistent obesity (test for difference, P = 0.016; test for trend, P = 0.026). Women with persistent obesity earned 20% less per month than did those who were never obese (P = 0.024), after controlling for individual and contextual factors. For men, no association was found between weight change patterns and monthly wage. Conclusion: Persistent obesity from late adolescence to young adulthood is associated with low monthly wage in young adulthood in women but not in men. These findings highlight the urgency of addressing persistent obesity early in life, especially for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Emergence of New Welfare States in East Asia? Domestic Social Changes and the Impact of "Welfare Internationalism" in South Korea and Taiwan (1945-2012).
- Author
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Sub, Kim Won and Shi, Shih-Jiunn
- Subjects
WELFARE state ,SOCIAL policy ,CIVIL society ,PUBLIC welfare ,WELFARE economics - Abstract
The development of social policy in East Asia has been gaining momentum in recent decades, challenging scholars to offer an explanation. This article addresses two questions: Are we witnessing the rise of welfare states in East Asia? And if so, what are the driving forces behind this development? We draw on theoretical perspectives of Franz-Xaver Kaufmann, who emphasizes the relationship between the state and civil society as the context of welfare statism, and who elaborated the role of international organizations and law in social policy ("welfare internationalism"). Choosing South Korea and Taiwan as examples, we explore the role of international policy diffusion, highlighting the interaction of international and domestic factors. We find that South Korea and Taiwan have indeed turned into welfare states, and that external "social" ideas, which have received little attention in previous research, have contributed to this development in different historical phases. Our analysis extends Kaufmann's perspective beyond Western welfare states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. From banks to markets: Malaysian and Taiwanese finance in transition.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiaoke
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in Malaysia ,TAIWANESE economy, 1975- ,FINANCIAL crises - Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed the exponential growth of stock markets and the significant market orientation of financial systems in Malaysia and Taiwan. These changes were well underway prior to the Asian crisis of 1997-98 but have been consolidated and accelerated by post-crisis reforms that have further institutionalized market-oriented practices. However, the changing patterns of financial markets have not preordained convergence towards the Anglo-American model of capitalism and have shown significant divergences from financial liberalism. Challenging the market-driven convergence and historical institutionalist models, this article locates the political sources of changing financial structures within the interaction between international structural forces and domestic interest alliances of private and public actors. This interactive process has not only oriented the national financial architecture towards securities markets but also made market-oriented changes different from the neo-liberal paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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