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Full-scale axial load tests were performed on five screw injection piles founded in medium-dense to dense sand at a site in Delft, the Netherlands. Each pile was instrumented with distributed fiber-optic sensors along its full length, giving detailed insights into the shaft and base response under compression loading. The paper focuses on the pile base response and combines the test results with a newly compiled database of instrumented load tests on screw displacement piles in sand. Given the range of screw displacement piles on the market, the influence of different installation methods and pile geometries on the base resistance can be assessed through the database. In summary, the analysis showed that all screw displacement pile types tended to mobilize base capacities similar to bored or nondisplacement piles. Despite high variability in the database, no significant trend with pile geometry, such as length or diameter, was evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once trusted, automated vehicles (AVs) will gradually appear in urban areas. Such a transition is an opportunity in transport planning to control undesired impacts and possibly mitigate congestion at a time when both conventional vehicles (CVs) and AVs coexist. This paper deals with the complex transport decision problem of designing part of the network that is exclusive for AVs through a nonlinear programming model. The objective function minimises the costs of travel times where vehicles circulate under user equilibrium. The model evaluates the benefits of having an AVs-dedicated infrastructure and the associated costs from the detouring of CVs. Three planning strategies are explored: incremental, long-term and hybrid planning. The first creates a subnetwork evolving incrementally over time. The second reversely designs a subnetwork from the optimal solution obtained at a ratio of 90% AVs. The third limits the incremental planning towards that optimal long-term solution. The model is applied to the city of Delft, in the Netherlands. Two scenarios are analysed, with and without AV-dedicated roads, at several AV penetration rates. We find that implementing dedicated roads for AVs reduces the overall costs and congestion up to 16%. However, CV detouring is inevitable at later network stages, increasing the total distance travelled (up to 8%) and congestion in the surroundings of AV subnetworks. Concerning the planning strategies, incremental planning is appropriate for starting in the initial stages and is the strategy that most tackles CV detouring. The hybrid or the long-term strategies are more suitable to be applied after a ratio of 50% AVs, and the hybrid planning is the strategy that most reduces delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of technology, shared autonomous vehicles may become one of the main traffic modes in the future. Especially, shared autonomous vehicle reservation system, commuting, and other trips with fixed departure time mostly submit their travel requests in advance. Therefore, it is important to reasonably match shared autonomous vehicles and reservation demands. In this paper, reservation requests are divided into short-term and long-term requests by inputting requests in a more realistic way. An integer linear programming model considering operator scheduling cost and system service level is established. A detailed scheme considering rolling horizon continuity and ridesharing is used to improve the dispatching result. Based on traffic data in Delft, the Netherlands, 164 scenarios are tested in which the parking cost, fuel cost, ridesharing effect, service level, and network size are analyzed. The results show that a better relocation and ridesharing matching scheme can be obtained when the rolling horizon is small, while the overall effect is better when the rolling horizon is large. Moreover, the buffer time, distance, and travel time limit for vehicle relocation should be selected according to the request quantity and the calculation time requirement. The result can provide a suggestion for the dispatching of shared autonomous vehicle reservation system with ridesharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) data inevitably includes dynamic objects because there are always other vehicles (e.g., other cars, motorbikes, bikes, etc.) moving in the area near the MLS data collection vehicle on the road. These dynamic objects need to be removed in advance for many point cloud applications. This paper designs an efficient and memory-friendly data frame aware optimized Octomap-based dynamic object detection and removal method for MLS data. Firstly, the input MLS data is split into multiple data frames based on the timestamp. Each data frame is inserted into a separate Octomap with part of its neighbouring data frames. A statistics-based method is applied to each data frame to find the passable voxel cell space (free space) in Octomap and all points in the free space are extracted as free points. Second, the region of interest (ROI) related to the dynamic object is delineated to retain free points related to dynamic objects. Then the free-point rate and the multi-return rate are calculated to further remove noise and vegetation points from free points. Finally, the fixed radius search is used to extract dynamic objects from the filtered free points. The proposed method is tested in four case sites in Delft, the Netherlands. Results show that 84.98% of dynamic objects are detected and extracted correctly. The proposed method is 18.27% more efficient on average than the original Octomap method, can be further accelerated by parallel computing, and only needs 39.40% of the maximum memory consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geodetski Vestnik is the property of Sveza Geodetov Slovenije and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a modified Generalised Robust Estimation of Deformation from Observation Differences (GREDOD) method is presented, based on the application of genetic algorithm (GA) and generalised particle swarm optimisation (GPSO) algorithm in solving the optimisation problem of this method, which is, in essence, a problem of determining the optimal datum of the displacement vector. The procedure of deformation analysis using this modification of the GREDOD method is demonstrated in the example of the two-dimensional geodetic network presented in numerous research and in which all observations and displacements were simulated. Using both algorithms, GA and GPSO, almost identical results of deformation analysis were obtained, except datum solutions of the displacement vector, which are completely different. These results differ only slightly from the results obtained using the methods of Hannover, Karlsruhe, Delft, Fredericton, München, Caspary, and the classical robust method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is the property of International Society of Arboriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regulated rivers usually subjected to continuous morphological changes due to human interventions and the variation of the flow rates released through them. These changes sometimes affect island banks causing bank failure and deformation. On the other hand, the morphological changes cause the riverbed to aggrade/degrade. This, in turn, may affect the carrying capacity and conveyance of the river channel. To keep the channel conveyance as efficient as possible, bed aggradation should be minimized. This paper basically aims at increasing the efficiency of the River Nile western branch at Warrak Island. Eight scenarios are proposed to achieve this goal, which includes removing the unmanaged human intervention at the island southern nose, dredging the western branch to the safe navigation elevation (12.66 m) and propose a development plan for canalization of this branch. A 2-D numerical model (Delft 3D) was used to simulate this segment of the river to detect and predict the trend of the morphological changes. The ratio of flow passes through this branch is calculated for all cases, it was found to be 31.4% for the current case, while the maximum value of 45.52% occurred when removing of the southern part of the island nose and dredging the branch is applied. The morphological changes were predicted, and it is found that the entrance of the west branch is always subjected to sedimentation due to the general alignment of the river in this region. Results also indicates, for development scenarios, that deposition also occurred in the entrance of the west branch, like before, but the dredging was limited to few locations, which can be handled with dredging. So, it is recommended, in case of using the west branch for navigation in an emergency case, to follow the development of the west branch as a solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We numerically study the distribution of entanglement between the Dutch cities of Delft and Eindhoven realized with a processing-node quantum repeater and determine minimal hardware requirements for verifiable blind quantum computation using color centers and trapped ions. Our results are obtained considering restrictions imposed by a real-world fiber grid and using detailed hardware-specific models. By comparing our results to those we would obtain in idealized settings, we show that simplifications lead to a distorted picture of hardware demands, particularly on memory coherence and photon collection. We develop general machinery suitable for studying arbitrary processing-node repeater chains using NetSquid, a discrete-event simulator for quantum networks. This enables us to include time-dependent noise models and simulate repeater protocols with cut-offs, including the required classical control communication. We find minimal hardware requirements by solving an optimization problem using genetic algorithms on a high-performance-computing cluster. Our work provides guidance for further experimental progress, and showcases limitations of studying quantum-repeater requirements in idealized situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parametric wind profiles are commonly applied in a number of engineering applications for the generation of tropical cyclone (TC) wind and pressure fields. Nevertheless, existing formulations for computing wind fields often lack the required accuracy when the TC geometry is not known. This may affect the accuracy of the computed impacts generated by these winds. In this paper, empirical stochastic relationships are derived to describe two important parameters affecting the TC geometry: radius of maximum winds (RMW) and the radius of gale force winds (ΔAR35). These relationships are formulated using best track data (BTD) for all seven ocean basins (Atlantic, S/NW/NE Pacific, N/SW/SE Indian Oceans). This makes it possible to a) estimate RMW and ΔAR35 when these properties are not known and b) generate improved parametric wind fields for all oceanic basins. Validation results show how the proposed relationships allow the TC geometry to be represented with higher accuracy than when using relationships available from the literature. Outer wind speeds can be well reproduced by the commonly used Holland wind profile when calibrated using information either from best-track-data or from the proposed relationships. The scripts to compute the TC geometry and the outer wind speed are freely available via Delft Dashboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the characteristics of the Walloon Church in Delft (Netherlands) and a description of constraints for the indoor climate, giving criteria for the indoor air temperature and relative humidity with the focus on the preservation of the monumental church organ. The set point operation of the Heating Venting and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system is evaluated by simulation. The next main model components are presented and combined in a single integrated model: 1) a whole building response model for simulating the indoor temperature and relative humidity, 2) a Partial Differential Equation (PDE) based model for simulating detailed dynamic moisture transport in the monumental wood (church organ) and 3) a SimuLink controller model. The building model is validated with measurements. The main advantage of the integrated model is that it directly simulates the impact of HVAC control set point strategies on the indoor climate and the church organ. Two types of control strategies are discussed. The first type is a limited indoor air temperature-changing rate. The second type is a limited indoor air relative humidity changing rate. Recommendations from international literature suggest that 1) a changing rate of 2 K/h will preserve the interior of churches and 2) a limited drying rate is important for the conservation of monumental wood. This preliminary study shows that a limitation of indoor air temperature changing rate of 2 K/h can reduce the peak drying rates by a factor 20 and a limitation of the relative humidity changing rate of 2%/h can reduce the peak drying rates by a factor 50. The second strategy has the disadvantage that the heating time is not constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feng, X.; Dong, B.X.; Ma, G.F., and Feng, W.B., 2020. Topographic and hydrodynamic influence on rip currents and alongshore currents on headland beaches in China. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 468–473. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Headland beaches are one of the most typical beaches in southern China. Meanwhile, southern China seas experienced severe rip current hazards. In this paper, numerical simulations were carried out by utilizing Delft 3D Flow-Wave coupling model. Ideal topography of different headland beaches was established and the variabilities in the rip currents' forms and the hydrodynamics from the major headland beach patterns were discussed, including the relative headland length (α= Lhead/Lbeach), the curvature of shoreline (k = Ls/Lc), the wave direction (θ) and the wave height (hs). Results revealed that four factors, including α, k, θ and hs, all have some influences on the nearshore circulation. The shape of the coastline influenced the position of alongshore current and the appearance of headland rip. The length of headland and the wave height influenced the intensity and the spatial distribution of nearshore circulation mainly. Besides, wave direction was the most important factor for channel rip. Because it played a decisive role in the generation of channel rip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric car-sharing systems have attracted large attention in recent years as a new business model for achieving both economic and environmental benefits in urban areas. Among different types, the one considered in this paper is the so-called one-way car-sharing system whereby a user can begin and end a trip at any station of the system. At the same time, the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept is emerging as a possible innovative solution for smart power grid control. A management system that combines car-sharing system operations and V2G technology is a recent challenge for academia and industry. In this work, a mixed integer linear programming formulation is proposed to find the optimal management of electric vehicles in a one-way car-sharing system integrated with V2G technology. The proposed mathematical model allows finding the optimal start-of-day electric vehicles distribution that maximizes the total revenue obtained from system users and V2G profits through daily electric vehicles charging/discharging schedules. These schedules are based on mean daily users' electric vehicles requests and electricity prices. The model can be applied to evaluate the possible average daily profitability of V2G operations. In order to test the model performance, we applied it to a small-size test network and a real-size test network (the Delft network in the Netherlands). Under the model assumptions, the adoption of V2G technology allows to fully cover the daily charging costs due to users' trips and to obtain V2G profits by taking advantage of electric vehicles unused time without significantly reducing the satisfied car-sharing system demand. Most of the energy purchased to charge the electric vehicles batteries is provided back to the grid during energy peak load demand, creating benefits also for energy providers. • Vehicle-to-grid technology profitability evaluation in electric car-sharing systems. • Smart electric vehicles charging/discharging management. • Revenues and profits maximization for car-sharing systems. • Energy sharing strategic model for car-sharing companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nested Delft 3D and Hydrus 1D models were applied to simulate variations in the hydrological process of tidal creeks, soil water, and salt transport in the soil profile of the reconstruction area in the Yellow River Delta under six gate dam scenarios. The results showed that the gate dam set up near the sea area was more conducive to reducing the variation range of water depth in the reconstruction area. The water depth changes in scenarios with 6 m gate valves were higher than those with 3 m sluice valves in the same gate dam location. The variations in surface water salinity, cumulative flooding time, flooding frequency, and cumulative infiltration in each scenario were similar to those for water depth. Rapid changes in soil water and salt content occurred in each scenario in periods without flooding. The fluctuation of soil salt content in different soil layers was contrary to the changes in soil water content. The overall difference in the soil salt contents and soil water content of the soil profile in scenarios with a gate dam near the sea was relatively larger than that of those with a gate dam near the shore. Obvious differences in both the soil water content and soil salt content between scenarios with 3 m and 6 m gate valves were not observed. Our results contribute to the understanding of the function of gate dams in controlling soil water and salt content in coastal wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the experience of walking, cycling, the emotional experience of mobility and (in)visibility in urban space in rhizomatic urban spaces in different cities in the Netherlands by an architect flaneur/flaneuse, presented in an autoethnographic interpretation. The flaneur/flaneuse interprets the urban narrative and lived space through direct encounters and experimentation with everyday practices. This subjective experience leads to questions on the kinds of articulation that rhizomatic cities and architecture weave for the flaneur/flaneuse and architecture. How does a contemporary flaneur/flaneuse locate him/her being in an urban space in this era? Can a flaneur/flaneuse, today, set down roots in a home environment emotionally? How does contemporary architecture embed its dwellers or temporary perceivers in this era? As in Rilke's experience of a single lighted house, mentioned by Bachelard, are we confronting more solitary houses in urban space that remind us of our isolatedness and separatedness as a contemporary flaneur/flaneuse? Where does the warmth of the house/home start, when we have already started living in a world of "designed" narratives of housing policies? Therefore, the research highlights the experimentality of Dutch architecture based on the author's personal experience with urbanism in Utrecht, Rotterdam, Delft, and Amsterdam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Capital and energy intensive distillation columns, like those used for separation of close boiling mixtures, are becoming primary targets of energy conservation projects in refining, petrochemical and chemical industries. Continuous incremental improvement along the conventional line is an ongoing activity but not challenging enough. Driven by a global push for ultimate sustainability, some academic researchers strive for more, i.e. come with radical proposals implying that mass transfer process as encountered in distillation could be intensified by an order of magnitude or more. One in the line of such optimistic expectations is that related to the implementation of highly compact gas–liquid contactors utilizing non-selective porous membranes as replacement for structured packings in distillation applications, which, as demonstrated in this paper, looks to be technically unfounded. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the use of the Visual Interactive Decision Modeling (VIDEMO) for problem solving in education. Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands, launched the first European educational program in MS/OR-based policy analysis in 1992. The program was established within the university's new School of Systems Engineering, Policy Analysis, and Management. The school based the program on developments in three areas: policy analysis, OR/MS theory, and information systems. Developing the ability to study complex policy problems requires knowledge of these three areas. VIDEMO help students learn modeling skills at the intersection of the three domains. VIDEMO is intended to provide an integrated approach with respect to: Problem perception via defining the six basic elements that serve as the modeling blocks for decision modeling; OR/MS modeling via a three-step analytic modeling process; Information systems via a hypermedia environment that allows the integration of conceptual modeling and OR/MS tools.

The article focuses on the art works of Johannes Coesermans, a painter who joined the painters' guild in Delft on August 1661 in Netherlands. Coeserman's architectural views also dated from the 1660s and reveal the influence of Hendrick van Vliet. His finest known works apply the pen-painting technique to architectural subjects. The importance of precise drawing and detail in this specialty made it well suited to the medium, but apart from a few now rare ink drawings on paper, and, in a broad view, engravings, there are practically no precedents for Coesermans' grisaille paintings of architectural views. It notes that Coeserman's architectural views are remarkably varied in composition and painstaking in execution, yet they abound in borrowed ideas.

This special issue asks how product lifetime extension in a circular economy can best be understood and managed. Product lifetime extension through design for durability, reuse, repair, refurbishment and remanufacture, and the associated circular business models, are regarded as an important way forward to achieving a circular economy. As a research field, it has however not received much attention. The collection of 24 papers was partly drawn from the PLATE 2017 conference (Product Lifetimes and the Environment), November 2017 in Delft, the Netherlands. This special issue introductory article provides an overview of the content of the articles, divided into three topics: product design in a circular economy, circular business models, and environmental & economic impact assessment. One of the overall findings is that there is a lack of empirical validation and critical evaluation of many of the widely-held assumptions about design and business model innovation for product lifetime extension. More empirical research is needed in order to build a repertoire of validated approaches, cases, tools and methods, taking into account rebound effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the likely increase in coastal flooding in small island developing states (SIDSs) due to climate change, coastal managers at the local and global levels have been developing initiatives aimed at implementing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation measures. Developing science-based adaptation policies requires accurate coastal flood risk (CFR) assessments, which in the case of insular states are often subject to input uncertainty. We analysed the impact of a number of uncertain inputs on coastal flood damage estimates: (i) significant wave height, (ii) storm surge level and (iii) sea level rise (SLR) contributions to extreme sea levels, as well as the error-driven uncertainty in (iv) bathymetric and (v) topographic datasets, (vi) damage models, and (vii) socioeconomic changes. The methodology was tested through a sensitivity analysis using an ensemble of hydrodynamic models (XBeach and SFINCS) coupled with a direct impact model (Delft-FIAT) for a case study of a number of villages on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Model results indicate that for the current time horizon, depth damage functions (DDFs) and digital elevation models (DEMs) dominate the overall damage estimation uncertainty. When introducing climate and socioeconomic uncertainties to the analysis, SLR projections become the most relevant input for the year 2100 (followed by DEM and DDF). In general, the scarcity of reliable input data leads to considerable predictive uncertainty in CFR assessments in SIDSs. The findings of this research can help to prioritize the allocation of limited resources towards the acquisitions of the most relevant input data for reliable impact estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nearshore wave characteristics and variations in littoral drift (longshore sediment transport; LST) are estimated based on different approaches for four years along the Vengurla coast, with comparable wind-sea and swell energy assessed. The waverider buoy-measured data at 15 m water depth is utilized as the input wave parameters along with the reanalysis model data, and the numerical wave model Delft-3D is used for estimating the nearshore wave parameters. The relative contribution of wind-seas and swells on LST rates are specifically examined. The clear prevalence of west-southwest waves implies the prevalence of south to north longshore sediment transport with net transport varying from 0.19–0.37 × 105 m3/yr. LST is strongly dependent on the breaker angle and a small change in the wave direction substantially alters the LST, and hence reanalysis/model data with coarse resolutions produce large errors (~38%) in the LST estimate. The annual gross LST rate based on integral wave parameters is only 58% considering the wind-seas and swells separately, since the wind-sea energy is comparable to swell energy, and the direction of these two systems differs significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongshore sediment bypassing rocky headlands remains understudied despite the importance of characterizing littoral processes for erosion abatement, beach management, and climate change adaptation. To address this gap, a numerical model sediment transport study was developed to identify controlling factors and mechanisms for sediment headland bypassing potential. Four idealized headlands were designed to investigate sediment flux around the headlands using the process-based hydrodynamic model Delft-3D and spectral wave model SWAN. The 120 simulations explored morphologies, substrate compositions, sediment grain sizes, and physical forcings (i.e., tides, currents, and waves) commonly observed in natural settings. A generalized analytical framework based on flow disruption and sediment volume was used to refine which factors and conditions were more useful to address sediment bypassing. A bypassing parameter was developed for alongshore sediment flux between upstream and downstream cross-shore transects to determine the degree of blockage by a headland. The shape of the headland heavily influenced the fate of the sediment by changing the local angle between the shore and the incident waves, with oblique large waves generating the most flux. All headlands may allow sediment flux, although larger ones blocked sediment more effectively, promoting their ability to be littoral cell boundaries. The controlling factors on sediment bypassing were determined to be wave angle, size, and shape of the headland, and sediment grain size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the development of microbes known as anammox bacteria used to clean up sewage plant of the Gist-Brocades yeat factory in Delft, Netherlands. Development of the bacteria by biologist Gijs Kuenen at Delft University of Technology; Details of the development of the bacterium; Industrial application of the bacterium.