138 results
Search Results
2. ACCESSION NEGOTIATION CHALLENGES FACING CANDIDATE COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF TAXATION.
- Author
-
Mihaylova-Goleminova, Savina
- Subjects
TAX laws ,EUROPEAN Union membership ,EUROPEAN economic integration ,TAX evasion laws - Abstract
Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A mixed picture for multinational profits.
- Subjects
CHARTS, diagrams, etc. ,CORPORATE profits ,FOREIGN investments ,INDUSTRIAL surveys - Abstract
Several charts are presented depicting the results of the annual survey of International Corporate Performance on the profit earnings of some major foreign companies including European companies, the 20 giants of foreign business, and the common market.
- Published
- 1973
4. Does innovation promote economic growth? Evidence from European countries.
- Author
-
Maradana, Rana, Pradhan, Rudra, Dash, Saurav, Gaurav, Kunal, Jayakumar, Manju, and Chatterjee, Debaleena
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ECONOMIC development ,GRANGER causality test ,SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
The paper examines the long-run relationship between innovation and per capita economic growth in the 19 European countries over the period 1989-2014. This study uses six different indicators of innovation: patents-residents, patents-non-residents, research and development expenditure, researchers in research and development activities, high-technology exports, and scientific and technical journal articles to examine this long-run relationship with per capita economic growth. Using cointegration technique, the study finds evidence of long-run relationship between innovation and per capita economic growth in most of the cases, typically with reference to the use of a particular innovation indicator. Using Granger causality test, the study finds the presence of both unidirectional and bidirectional causality between innovation and per capita economic growth. These results vary from country to country, depending upon the types of innovation indicators that we use in the empirical investigation process. Most importantly, the study finds that all these innovation indicators are considerably linked with per capita economic growth. This particular linkage is either supply-leading or demand-following in some occasions, while it is the occurrence of both in some other occasions. The policy implication of this study is that countries should recognize the differences in innovation and per capita economic growth in order to maintain sustainable development in these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Technology, Polity, and Societal Development.
- Author
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Thompson, James D.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL organization ,POPULATION & society ,SOCIAL development ,SOCIAL exchange ,SOCIAL structure ,RESOURCE management ,COOPERATIVE societies ,KNOWLEDGE management ,TECHNOLOGY transfer - Abstract
This paper notes the historical trend toward fewer societies with larger populations, associated with expanding interdependence, and suggests that interdependence is not only expanding by volume and territory, but that it is also changing in type, and that different forms of social organization have developed in relation to the several types. The local community is seen as a base for pooled interdependence focused on common resources, as, for example, in feudal society and contemporary peasant villages. The nation-state is viewed as a base for sequential interdependence centered on specialized exchange. It is suggested that a new type of intensive interdependence has emerged, centered on the generation and application of knowledge, and the implications of this for the nation-state are considered, with the European Common Market as illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Organizational Responses of U.S. Multinationals to EC-1992: An Empirical Study.
- Author
-
Krum, James R. and Rau, Pradeep A.
- Subjects
DECISION making in marketing ,EXPORT marketing ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,STRATEGIC planning ,BUSINESS planning ,STANDARDIZATION ,QUALITY control ,PLANNING - Abstract
Issues of standardization of products and marketing programs, and the degree of centralization of marketing decision making and planning, are of vital interest to multinational corporations as they increasingly compete in world markets. Previous research has established the need for some degree of standardization and, therefore, for some degree of centralized decision making. The present study was designed to assess the implications that the creation of the Single Market in the European Community will have on the standardization/centralization issue. Specifically, the role of the European central offices of major U.S. multinational corporations is emphasized. The results of the in-depth study of 22 Fortune 500 U.S. corporations with European central offices located in the United Kingdom indicate a trend toward overall strategic planning at the European central office level. More centralization of the distribution and pricing decisions is also noted for fairly uniform products but, in general, the product part of the marketing mix seems more standardized than the pricing, promotion, and distribution aspects. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. THE EU GOES TRUSTBUSTING.
- Author
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Bernier, Linda and Light, Larry
- Subjects
ANTITRUST law - Abstract
Reports on the European Union's plan to launch an antitrust probe that could have a negative impact on Kimberly-Clark and Scott Paper's merger plans. Possibility that the companies may be forced to sell part of their assets in Europe; United States companies' involvement in about 25 of the 81 EU antitrust cases as of 1995; Other companies that have merger plans affected by EU's competition unit.
- Published
- 1995
8. An impossible dream?
- Author
-
Lee, Susan
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,TRADE regulation ,EUROPEAN economic integration ,TAXATION ,ECONOMIES of scale ,EUROPEAN law - Abstract
The article focuses on the prospects for economic integration in Europe nations in 1992, focusing on hopes by the European Community (EC) for that the region's combined economies can compete with the U.S. and Japan. Challenges in achieving am economy of scale include standardizing property and bankruptcy laws, value-added and excise taxes, and capital exchange among EC members.
- Published
- 1988
9. H. J. Heinz Cooks Up First Venture on the Continent.
- Subjects
CORPORATE growth ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration - Abstract
The article offers information on H.J. Heinz Co. It states that, the company, which is successfully running its operations in many countries including, Canada, Great Britain, and Australia, is expanding its business into the common market of Europe. It also discusses the growth of the foreign operations of H.J. Heinz Co., that started with a small investment.
- Published
- 1957
10. MARKUPS AND THE EURO.
- Author
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Cook, David
- Subjects
EURO ,PRICE markup ,FOREIGN exchange rates ,MONETARY policy ,BUSINESS cycles ,EUROPEAN currency unit - Abstract
This paper reports evidence that OECD economies adopting fixed exchange rates in the process of forming the European currency union experienced declines in labor share of income at the industry level. This occurs most sharply among countries that experienced the biggest changes in their exchange rate policy. An implication of New Keynesian sticky price theory is that monetary policy has a first-order impact on labor share through the interaction of business cycle uncertainty and the choice of optimal markups. However, there is also evidence that goods market integration encouraged by the euro had a negative impact on the bargaining position of labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. FDI IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. A CONDITIONAL APPROACH.
- Author
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Maşca, Simona Gabriela, Văidean, Viorela Ligia, and Moga, Aura Carmen
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,FOREIGN source income ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMETRICS ,ECONOMETRIC models ,ECONOMIC models - Abstract
The purpose of this paper based on a quantitative analyze, is to demonstrate that the positive FDI impact on host country's economic growth is not an automatic process which follows unconditionally an active policy of FDI promotion. The effects have to be assessed cautiously. The theoretical and empirical contributions in this field are numerous (Leahy and Neary, 2004; Konings, 1999 etc.). Our empirical analyze, realized on a sample of 19 CEEC, observed between 1994 and 2004, estimates a model inspired by Barro and Sala-i-Martin, according to panel econometrics. The results confirm that the catalytic role of FDI is conditioned by an adequate economical environment (qualified workers, developed financial institutions, political stability and commercial openness). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
12. CREDIT POLICY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN THE EU COUNTRIES DURING THE FINANCIAL CRISIS.
- Author
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RĂDULESCU, MAGDALENA
- Subjects
CREDIT ,FINANCIAL crises ,BANKING industry ,MONETARY policy ,FISCAL policy ,ECONOMIC recovery - Abstract
The sharp deceleration of credit growth to the private sector in the EU, after half a decade of exuberance, will inevitably squeeze households and enterprises and can only aggravate the worsening recession. The region experienced very rapid credit growth in recent years, which was generally viewed positively as supporting rapid convergence to the but at the same time it contributed to the emergence of sizable macroeconomic and financial vulnerabilities. European Governments should use monetary and fiscal policy and not only in order to stimulate domestic non-governmental credit growth because it is crucial for the recovery of the European economies. Within emerging markets, eastern European economies have been the hardest hit. The linkages between western Europe and emerging European banking systems make the region particularly vulnerable. The paper tries to present some financial policy measures regarding banking sector for stimulating credit growth in the Europe and especially, in the Central and Eastern European Countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
13. Intergenerational standard-of-living mobility in nine EEC countries: country characteristics, competitive balance and social fluidity.
- Author
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Ultee, Wout and Luijkx, Ruud
- Subjects
INTERNAL migration ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC policy ,SOCIAL status ,COST of living - Abstract
In this paper it is argued that an analysis of intergenerational standard-of-living mobility tables is of equal interest to an analysis of intergenerational class mobility or status group mobility tables. Such tables are analysed for the nine countries of the European Economic Community in 1976. This is done in a log-linear analysis, modelling structural mobility (or competitive balance), circulation mobility (or social fluidity) and the interaction of specific country characteristics with these types of mobility. Countries with a more leftist political history show more circulation mobility in standard of living than countries with a less leftist history. Countries with a higher absolute level of technological development show less structural mobility than countries with a lower level of technological development. Countries with a more rapid pace of economic development display less structural mobility than countries with a slower pace of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A Cluster Analysis of Industrial Production Indices in Some European Countries and Turkey.
- Author
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Zaharia, Marian and Gogonea, Rodica Manuela
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL production index ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,FOOD industry & economic aspects ,ECONOMIC conditions in Turkey - Abstract
The economic crisis had consequences on both the internal structural changes at mezzo economic level and the reorganisation of policies on industrial production of key categories of goods. To identify the changes in relations to industrial productions of some EU countries and also Norway and Turkey, the paper examines the characteristics of the main clusters formed from eight product categories according to the Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in the European Economic Community. In terms of the index of industrial production registered in 2014 compared to 2010, compared with analysed countries. Romania is both in the first value cluster, in Manufacture of food products, Manufacture of beverages, Manufacture of wearing apparel, and also in less performant clusters, in Manufacture of basic metals, Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products or Manufacture of electrical equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
15. Monetary transmission and bank lending: is the single monetary policy homogenous across euro area countries?
- Author
-
Vallelado, Eleuterio and Burke, Javier Villar
- Subjects
- *
BANK loans , *MONETARY policy , *TRANSMISSION mechanism (Monetary policy) , *EUROZONE , *BANKING industry - Abstract
We postulate that bank lending is affected by ECB policy via new loans and via the stock of existing loans. In this context, this paper documents a wide diversity in borrowers' features, loan features and price developments across euro area Member States that produces heterogeneous impacts in bank lending. Thus, countries with higher (lower) inflation, higher (lower) stock of loans longer (shorter) maturities, and higher (lower) proportion of adjustable rate loans are affected more (less) when ECB changes its policy rate. The significant differences in these factors across euro area Member States can distort a homogeneous transmission of the single monetary policy and generate asymmetries in bank lending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. On Bayesian Value at Risk: From Linear to Non-Linear Portfolios.
- Author
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Siu, Tak, Tong, Howell, and Yang, Hailiang
- Subjects
BAYESIAN analysis ,FINANCIAL markets ,PRICES ,DERIVATIVE securities - Abstract
This paper proposes the use of Bayesian approach to implement Value at Risk (VaR) model for both linear and non-linear portfolios. The Bayesian approach provides risk traders with the flexibility of adjusting their VaR models according to their subjective views. First, we deal with the case of linear portfolios. By imposing the conjugate-prior assumptions, a closed-form expression for the Bayesian VaR is obtained. The Bayesian VaR model can also be adjusted in order to deal with the ageing effect of the past data. By adopting Gerber-Shiu's option-pricing model, our Bayesian VaR model can also be applied to deal with non-linear portfolios of derivatives. We obtain an exact formula for the Bayesian VaR in the case of a single European call option. We adopt the method of back-testing to compare the non-adjusted and adjusted Bayesian VaR models with their corresponding classical counterparts in both linear and non-linear cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Europe 1992: Macroeconomic Implications.
- Author
-
Dornbusch, Rudiger
- Subjects
EUROPE 1992 ,STAGNATION (Economics) ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,DOMESTIC markets ,ECONOMIC policy ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The article focuses on the macroeconomic implications of Europe 1992. Only a few years ago, Europe was beset with stagnation and mass unemployment. Under the heading of Europe 1992, the discussion has now moved from Eurosclerosis to the growth potential of the internal market, and Europessimism has yielded to pervasive Europhoria. Together with the sharp fall in oil prices in 1987, the disinflationary effects of dollar depreciation, and expansionary policy measures, Europe 1992 has set the stage for growth. The paper shows an outlook for European economic growth that two years ago would have been considered extravagant. Where stagnation had almost seemed inevitable, with discussion of work-sharing a routine response, the prospects have now shifted altogether. This paper first assesses the macroeconomic implications of the internal market project. That assessment highlights the sources of improved macroeconomic performance, its likely magnitude, and its spillover to the rest of the world. Three special areas, the prospects for European protectionism, the implications of financial integration, and the fiscal effects of the present exchange rate system has been discussed.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. EUROPEAN GOVERNMENT-CONTROLLED ENTERPRISES: EXPLAINING INTERNATIONALSTRATEGIC AND POLICY DECISIONS.
- Author
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Mazzolini, Renato
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT business enterprises ,FOREIGN investments ,INVESTMENTS ,EXECUTIVES ,INTERVIEWING - Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to explain why government-controlled enterprises do or do not have international activities (essentially in the sense of foreign direct investments) and to explain the international operations of such enterprises--which of their major operating policy decisions are distinctive in any way and why. The paper arises from 304 interviews with leading executives, government officials, union leaders, etc. throughout the nine EEC countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Fiscal discipline in the European Monetary Union.
- Author
-
Demopoulos, George D. and Prodromidis, Kyprianos P.
- Subjects
FISCAL policy ,MONETARY unions ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Explores the question of how national fiscal policies could be conducted within the European Monetary Union. Theory of optimum currency areas; Debt sustainability issue; Determinants of debt dynamics; Restraints imposed on national fiscal policies by the Maastricht Treaty.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Europe's motorways.
- Author
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Bowers, Chris
- Subjects
- *
ROADS & the environment , *TRANSPORTATION policy - Abstract
Discusses the transportation controversy regarding the European Commission's massive road expansion programme throughout Europe to satisfy the demand for mobility. Environmental groups' arguments; EC White Paper on a Common Transport Policy; Dilemma of sustainable mobility; Sample case of the Twyford Down; Political mechanics; `Getting the Prices Right'; Environmental impact of building or improving roads. INSET: The European round table (economics and politics)..
- Published
- 1993
21. Annotated Listing of New Books: International Economics.
- Subjects
NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "The Single European Market and Its Implications for Korea As an NIE: Papers and Discussions From a Joint KDI/FES Conference," edited by Soogil Young and Moonsoo Kang.
- Published
- 1992
22. Trade Unity Splits West Europe.
- Subjects
CUSTOMS unions ,FREE trade - Abstract
The article reports on the economic conflict of six-nation Common Market (European Economic Community) and another group of six nations that failed to include the proposed Free Trade Area (FTA) to the Common Market. It mentions that this conflict has been developing for months, with France and Great Britain constantly debating as the respective leaders of the Common Market and FTA. It cites that France did not accepted the FTA for political and economic reasons.
- Published
- 1958
23. More fumes loom on Europe's horizon.
- Subjects
- *
AUTOMOBILES & the environment - Abstract
Focuses on a forecast that was included in the Community's White Paper that reveals carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles will continue to rise in the European Community until the end of the century. Emissions from the transport sector; How technical measures designed to improve fuel efficiency will affect emissions; How the Green Paper affected the White Paper.
- Published
- 1993
24. Impacts of the Euro on the Slovenian Tourism Industry.
- Author
-
Rudež, Helena Nemec and Bojnec, Štefan
- Subjects
- *
TOURISM , *INTERNATIONAL visitors , *TOURISTS , *TRAVELERS , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *EUROPEAN currency unit , *MONEY , *ECONOMIC history - Abstract
This paper examines the impacts of the Euro adoption in Slovenia on its tourism. For this purpose, the empirical research among foreign tourists in Slovenia was conducted on their perceptions of the Euro adoption in Slovenia during the second half of 2007. The multivariate factor analysis was performed, which confirmed the four common dimensions of the Euro impacts on Slovenian tourism: attractiveness, costs, expensiveness, and comparison. The mean values of the analyzed items indicate the most positive impacts of the Euro on the direct price comparison and the easiness of comparison among tourist destinations in the Euro zone. The empirical results suggest that the Euro adoption has had the greatest impacts on better comparisons among tourist destinations in the Euro zone, followed by a significant decline in travel-operational costs. The increase in the expensiveness of the destination among foreign tourists is confirmed, whereas no significant improvement in the attractiveness of Slovenia as a tourist destination was proved after the Euro adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
25. PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND PRICE DISCRIMINATION IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY THE CASE OF AUTOMOBILES.
- Author
-
Mertens, Yves and Ginsburgh, Victor
- Subjects
PRICE discrimination ,MARKETING ,AUTOMOBILE sales & prices ,PRODUCT differentiation ,RESTRAINT of trade ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,PERFECT competition - Abstract
The paper is concerned with the determinants of prices of European and Japanese cars in five EEC countries. The basic idea is that under perfect competition, prices should reflect production costs, and hence depend on the technical characteristics of the commodities. Differences between list prices and prices explained by these characteristics result from market imperfections or product differences not accounted for by measurable characteristics. Estimation results show that there is both discrimination and differentiation; but to a very large extent, price differentials across countries are due to discriminating practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. CAPITAL CONTROLS, THE EMS AND EMU.
- Author
-
Kenen, Peter B.
- Subjects
CAPITAL movements ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
Provides a syllogism for the case for restricting capital flows to protect the European Monetary System (EMS). Protection of capital controls to the EMS; Credible commitment to the `new' fixed-rate version of the EMS; Conditions in the Maastricht Treaty for moving on to monetary union.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. EVALUATING THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR CURRENCY SUBSTITUTION: A CASE STUDY OF THE DEMAND FOR STERLING IN EUROPE.
- Author
-
Mizen, Paul and Pentecost, Eric J.
- Subjects
CURRENCY substitution ,FOREIGN exchange ,COINTEGRATION ,POUND sterling ,EUROPEAN currency unit ,MONEY - Abstract
Currency substitution has important implications for the cost of European monetary union—if it is significant it will help to reduce costs of convergence to a single currency. This paper informs the policy debate by testing for its existence on a consistent European database making use of cointegration methods. The results demonstrate that in the two types of model tested there is no clear evidence of currency substitution, in either the short or the long run, and that therefore currency substitution between sterling and EC currencies cannot be relied upon as a mechanism or an aid to reduce the costs of monetary convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. OBSTACLES TO THE USE OF THE ECU: MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS.
- Author
-
Britton, Andrew and Mayes, David
- Subjects
EUROPEAN currency unit ,NATIONAL currencies ,MONETARY policy ,MACROECONOMICS ,PRICE regulation - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide the necessary macroeconomic background to an assessment of the microeconomic arguments for a wider use of the ECU and to consider what the implications might be at a macroeconomic level of a spontaneous movement to adopt the ECU as a common European currency even in advance of the political process of economic and monetary union (EMU). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Continental Mergers Are Different.
- Author
-
Davis, Evan, Shore, Graham, and Thompson, David
- Subjects
MERGERS & acquisitions ,EUROPEAN economic integration ,STRATEGIC alliances (Business) - Abstract
In recent years, business has been heavily preoccupied with two themes: merger and acquisition activity, and the development of the Single European Market. The topic of this paper combines the two: Continental mergers. The authors argue that the costs and benefits of Continental mergers are different from those of their domestic counterparts, and they need to be handled in different ways. This has implications both for the form of integration and for the way in which it is implemented. Most important, it is relevant to the selection of the right partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The Determinants of U.S. Direct Investment in the E.E.C.: Reply.
- Author
-
Scaperlanda, Anthony E. and Mauer, Laurence J.
- Subjects
AMERICAN investments ,FOREIGN investments ,TARIFF ,INTERNATIONAL finance ,INVESTMENTS - Abstract
In this article, authors respond to the comments made by economist Murray Goldberg on his paper published in the journal "The American Economic Review" which specify the determinants of U.S. direct investment in the European Economic Community (EEC) over the period 1952-66. The article tries to identify theoretical and empirical components of Goldberg's comments. Goldberg's "theoretical" component, which is considered first, is essentially a series of ad hoc assertions, which provide little additional contribution to the emerging theory of direct foreign investment. The purpose of this article was to identify a number of hypotheses which have been either proposed or considered by the major contributors to the literature. From these existing categories of hypotheses three categories were identified which were deemed statistically testable. This process involved empirically specifying variables which were designed to capture the effects of selected relationships which had been postulated by others. With authors' major objective clearly the testing of existing hypotheses, they made no attempts to develop new hypotheses. At most, one should expect that empirical findings such as authors' would lead to the refinement of previously existing theoretical propositions. In his comment, Goldberg seems to be insufficiently aware of the theoretical underpinning of the proxies used in authors' empirical testing.
- Published
- 1972
31. The Determinants of U.S. Direct Investment in the E.E.C.: Comment.
- Author
-
Goldberg, Murray A.
- Subjects
AMERICAN investments ,INVESTMENTS ,FOREIGN investments ,GROSS national product ,ECONOMIC demand ,CAPITAL stock ,INTERNATIONAL finance - Abstract
A variety of theories have been proposed to explain both the pattern and magnitude of U.S. direct foreign investment. One approach has been to explain direct foreign investment in terms of host country characteristics such as Gross National Product (GNP), rate of growth of GNP, trade barriers and convertibility of currency. In a recent issue of the journal "The American Economic Review," Anthony Scaperlanda and Lawrence Mauer (S-M) adopt this approach in an effort to specify the determinants of U.S. direct investment in the European Economic Community (EEC) over the period 1952-66. S-M find that only the size of the EEC market is a significant variable in explaining U.S. direct investment flows. In contrast this paper contends that the investment/size-of-market relationship that S-M test is theoretically questionable and that investment can be largely explained not by the size of the EEC market but by the growth of that market. This article specifies a model based on the hypotheses proposed by S-M. The model is also applied to U.S. direct investment in the EEC and the empirical results are discussed. Then it evaluates the S-M model and their empirical tests and compares their findings to those presented in the article.
- Published
- 1972
32. Tariff Reductions and Trade in Manufactures among the Industrial Countries.
- Author
-
Balassa, Bela
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL policy ,EXPORTS ,ECONOMIC policy ,TARIFF ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration - Abstract
This paper uses empirical evidence to examine the proposition advanced by economist Lawrence B. Krause that the establishment of the Common Market will seriously harm U.S. exports because "dominant suppliers" in European Economic Community (EEC) countries receive increased protection from the averaging of national tariffs. Subsequently, the results are used to reinterpret the traditional conclusions regarding the effects of tariff reductions on the domestic economy, and additional tests are offered to indicate the predominance of intraindustry-as against interindustry-specialization in trade in manufactures among the industrial countries. Upon finding that, in the case of dominant suppliers, national duties are generally lower than the common external tariff, Krause claims that "a comparison of the new EEC tariff for each commodity group with the former national tariff of the leading exporting country in intra-Community trade of each product gives the vivid impression that the new EEC tariff is much more protective than the old national tariff.
- Published
- 1966
33. Restrictive Marketing Practices in the EEC.
- Author
-
Fulop, Christina
- Subjects
MARKETING ,BUSINESSMEN ,CONSUMER protection ,CONSUMERS ,RETAIL industry ,LEGISLATION ,LIQUIDATION - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect on the marketing policies of retailers and manufacturers, and the protection of consumers of the laws of unfair competition which exist in most member countries of the Common Market. The concept of the law of unfair competition is, however, unknown in English law. Now that the UK is a member of the Common Market British manufacturers and retailers are increasingly confronted by this legislation in their efforts to expand trade, and last October preliminary discussions took place in Brussels to harmonise the laws of unfair competition. The particular sections of these wide ranging laws which I propose to question are the restrictions and prohibitions imposed upon a wide range of premium offers, discounts and rebates, seasonal sales, liquidations, and other special forms of sale. In other words, samples, free gifts, competitions and many forms of deferred rebates such as trading stamps are severely curtailed or forbidden in Belgium, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Denmark and Italy. On the other hand, there are no legal restrictions in the United Kingdom on giving away articles to promote goods or services, and independent trading stamp firms are permitted. Moreover, in recent years consumer protection measures have been incorporated in these European laws through a series of amendments and additions. My theme is three-fold: First, the restrictions and prohibitions on marketing practices included in the laws of unfair competition go further than is necessary for the maintenance of fair competition. Their primary objective is the preservation of the status quo. Moreover, many of these laws are out-of-date, cumbersome and arbitrary. Secondly, it is a fallacy that measures designed to protect traders from so-called unfair competition from one another ipso facto protect consumers. Thirdly, the comparative study of the taw of unfair competition undertaken by the EEC as the basis for harmonisation fails to e [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. International outlook.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,EUROPEAN economic integration ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
This article discusses trends and issues related to international relations. The military government remain friendly to U.S. companies that want to invest in the country's mineral resources, which is in contrast to most Latin American countries. The European Common Market has started negotiations with Great Britain for its application for membership. Canada's trade surplus reached 607 million dollars in the first quarter of 1970.
- Published
- 1970
35. Europe 1992--Opportunity or Threat for U.S. Business: The Case of Telecommunications.
- Author
-
Thimm, Alfred L.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,TELECOMMUNICATION policy ,TELECOMMUNICATION research ,EUROPEAN communities ,PROTECTIONISM ,STATE regulation ,INDUSTRIAL policy ,SWOT analysis - Abstract
The article focuses on the role of the telecommunications policy in the economic development of Europe and whether such development poses a threat for American businesses. The economic, industrial, and technological policies of the European Community (EC) are reviewed, and the EC's commitment to develop a telecommunications and information technology infrastructure are discussed. A SWOT analysis of the telecommunications policy is provided, and the implications of European integration for the United States telecommunication industry are considered.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Segment Reporting and the EEC Multinationals.
- Author
-
GRAY, S. J.
- Subjects
LINE of business reporting ,DISCLOSURE in accounting ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,STATISTICAL significance ,ACCOUNTING methods ,ACCOUNTING - Abstract
The article focuses on the segment reporting practices of multinational companies in the European Economic Community (EEC). Analysis of data from a survey of 100 EEC companies from Great Britain, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg suggests that the extent of disclosure is associated with national equity market efficiency. A comparison of disclosure differences between British and continental companies focused on sales. sales-business, sales-geographical, profits, profits-business, profits-geographical, production, and assets analyses. Factors contributing to disclosure differences include four environments--managerial, legal and political, stock market and investment, and professional--and the variables of organizational structure and regulation.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. THE EURO-DOLLAR, THE COMMON MARKET, AND CURRENCY UNIFICATION.
- Author
-
COHEN, BENJAMIN J.
- Subjects
EUROCURRENCY market ,MONETARY unions ,CAPITAL movements ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,BALANCE of payments ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
The article discusses the Euro-dollar and how it may impact the growth of monetary unions in the global marketplace and the way that money markets and integrated capital could make the balance of payments easier to adjust. Capital is often considered to be immobile in the international market but mobile in environments with only one currency, which makes it a factor that is considered when the balance of payments are adjusted. The article concludes that the countries of the European Economic Community would benefit from integrating their national currencies into the capital market, leading financial institutions to use something other than Euro-dollars for secondary reserves.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. THE EUROPEAN MONETARY AGREEMENT, THE EUROPEAN PAYMENTS UNION, AND CONVERTIBILITY.
- Author
-
JONES, DALLAS
- Subjects
MONETARY systems ,TREATIES ,CURRENCY convertibility ,PAYMENT systems ,MONETARY policy - Abstract
The article examines the development and operations of two finance and payment settlement systems, the European Monetary Agreement (EMA) and the European Payments Union (EPU). The EMA funds for the European Fund and a multilateral settlements system. It is the designated successor to the EPU, to become effective when some Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) charter nations have converted their currencies. The Fund will provide its members with credit in order to help them with balance of payments conflicts.
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A job-destroying machine.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Argues that Europe is living beyond its means. Why former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher will never find a place in a pantheon of the European Union's (EU) champions; Social benefits in European nations paid for by taxation and corporate earnings; Borrowing--the escape route; Unemployment; How governments have to live with the mistakes of their predecessors; Problems in Italy; The Delors white paper.
- Published
- 1994
40. Britain will drive Europe's transport.
- Author
-
Hamer, M.
- Subjects
- *
TRANSPORTATION policy - Abstract
Reveals that Britain will direct Europe's transport policy when it takes up the presidency of the Council of Ministers in July. The Commission's green paper; Principles will find their way into Community transport policy only if the British government uses the power of the presidency to debate the issues among the Community's transport ministers.
- Published
- 1992
41. The Outlook For Europe's Banks.
- Author
-
Martinuzzi, Elisa
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,ECONOMIC conditions in Europe ,BANK stocks ,MONETARY policy - Abstract
The article looks at trends and conditions in the banking industry in Europe, discussing the extent of European banks' progress in recovering from the 2008 global financial crisis. Topics include the proposed merger of German banks Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank, trends in the stock prices of European banks, and European Central Bank monetary policy.
- Published
- 2019
42. Inflation and recession dampen profits worldwide.
- Subjects
CHARTS, diagrams, etc. ,CORPORATIONS ,FINANCIAL performance - Abstract
Several charts related to the third annual Survey of International Corporate Performance is presented including one on the top 20 companies outside U.S. and one on the financial performance of the biggest corporations outside the U.S. including the European Common Market, Canada and Japan.
- Published
- 1975
43. The Common Market.
- Author
-
GETTING, LAWRENCE
- Subjects
EUROPEAN economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
A letter to the editor in response to the article "Europe's Common Market" in the December 1, 1958 issue is presented.
- Published
- 1959
44. The Common Market.
- Author
-
BRACKEN, THEODORE
- Subjects
EUROPEAN economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
A letter to the editor in response to the article "Europe's Common Market" in the December 1, 1958 issue is presented.
- Published
- 1959
45. Common Market- Lesson in Trade Expansion.
- Author
-
Kravis, Irving B.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,UNITED States economic policy, 1961-1971 ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,COMMERCIAL policy ,FOREIGN trade promotion ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,FREE trade ,INDUSTRIAL policy ,INTERNATIONAL finance - Abstract
What kind of trade program will enable U.S. businessmen to meet foreign competition head-on--to win the struggle, rather than avoid it by political means? Only a program based on a clear and unequivocal commitment to a national policy of freer trade will challenge America's industry to compete without trade barriers and to compete, moreover, without inevitable injury. The experience of the six European Common Market nations shows that it can be done, says Irving B. Kravis, Professor of Economics, Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1962
46. Pragmatic prophet of a federalist Europe.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,POLITICAL integration ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article focuses on the role of Jean Rey, the new chief executive of the European Common Market, in establishing economic and political unity in Europe. According to the author, Rey, who aims on political unity in the Common Market, is developing a policy statement to encourage industry mergers, promote research, and urge uniform laws affecting businesses. It also emphasizes that Rey plans to create policies on oil which will offer more exploration incentives for Common Market companies.
- Published
- 1967
47. Business still booms, but with a difference.
- Subjects
BUSINESS conditions ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,MERGERS & acquisitions - Abstract
The article reports on the business conditions of Europe as of April 4, 2004. It describes the scenario of a pre-war European business and examines the stability of European companies after the war. It discusses the implementation of the Common Market and European Economic Community (EEC) in Europe. Several business trends in Europe include consolidations of companies and changes in industrial production.
- Published
- 1964
48. British giant tries for more size.
- Subjects
CORPORATE growth ,DIVERSIFICATION in industry ,COMMUNIST countries - Abstract
The article reports that Satnley Paul Chambers, chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. (ICI), has planned to bring some changes in the company for its growth. It informs that the company wants to increase its size and has decided to do the same through diversification. It tells that Chambers will increase the investment program of ICI in Common Markets. It further informs about the plan of ICI for more involvement in transactions with Iron Curtain countries.
- Published
- 1963
49. Drivers of entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Macedonia.
- Author
-
Misoska, Ana Tomovska, Dimitrova, Makedonka, and Mrsik, Jadranka
- Subjects
BUSINESS students ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP education ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,PLANNED behavior theory ,SOCIAL history ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Studies find that entrepreneurial intentions determine the likelihood of starting a business whereas the Theory of Planned Behaviour suggests that intentions capture the motivational aspect of behaviour and are dependent on behavioural, normative and control beliefs. This research endeavours to identify factors that drive entrepreneurial intentions among Macedonian business students. The Partial least square approach to the Structural equation modelling was applied. Findings highlight the impact of entrepreneurship education, support systems and a favourable business climate on entrepreneurial intentions, which correspond to the majority of the European countries as well as global tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Raids on European newsprint makers probe price fixing.
- Author
-
Fitzgerald, Mark
- Subjects
NEWSPRINT ,NEWSPAPER publishing ,PRICE fixing ,PRICES - Abstract
Reports on the European Commission's (EC) competition directorate's conduct of raids on the offices of 40 newsprint companies following complaints from European newspaper publishers on the increase in newsprint prices. Duration of the commission's price-fixing investigation; Factors that contribute to the increase in prices as cited by newsprint producers.
- Published
- 1995
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