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These days pilgrimage is seen as something that has more than a religious dimension. In fact, pilgrimage also currently links with cultural, environmental and tourist domains. As a consequence, the positive socioeconomic effects from the pilgrimage are relevant for the local communities which are visited along the routes travelled by pilgrims. In this way, the aim of this paper is to firstly analyse the context of the Way of St. James' pilgrimage, in general, and subsequently the socioeconomic dimensions of the pilgrimage within the specific Portuguese framework. Data from the 'Oficina del Peregrino', Eurostat and Statistics Portugal were all taken into account, for the period 2004-2019, and were worked through statistical and econometric approaches, namely correlation matrices and time series regression methodologies. The results show that the St. James' Way pilgrims are mostly male, travel on foot, have both religious and other motivations, are between 30 and 60 years of age, come from Spain and a great deal of them start from Sarria. Travelling via the French Way, a large number are from Madrid and Andalusia and are students, employees, self employed, retired, technicians and teachers. Finally, it was estimated that each pilgrim had, over the period 2004-2018, a positive impact of 717.680 euros on the real gross valued added in the Northern Portuguese region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VoD -video on demand- platforms have promoted a global television market in the current audiovisual industry. Thanks to its transnational character, the operator of Netflix distributes around the world TV series produced inside a local context, and national cultural identities are transmitted in a global context. The present paper aims to determine the Spanish idiosyncrasy through images about the city of Madrid in Netflix original fiction: Valeria (2020-2023). A qualitative methodology has been used to conduct a bibliographic review and examine this TV fiction. To do so, we elaborate an analysis table with technical data, cultural and emotional identification, and audiovisual language in scenes which show places of Madrid. Findings show the inclusion of outdoors and architectures, locals of economic activity, and identity symbols across images which articulate personal and professional stories with a suitable audiovisual filmmaking. Conclusions highlight the cultural proximity for a local audience, and touristic options of Madrid through this TV series and its promotional material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: To determine the optimal locations of fire stations considering the risk of system collapse. Recent increases in incidents make it unlikely for emergency systems to be able to meet incident requirements. In this paper, we formulate a new territorial measurement approach for the reliability of fire departments, the collapse index, to help decision makers determine their response capability. This new index expresses the maximum simultaneous workload in a pixel over one year, measured over time. Based on this index, we propose a new fire station (FS) optimum location model by applying the simulated annealing method in conjunction with a geographic information system. The formulation of the cost function as the minimum standard deviation of the FS workload, combined with the constraint that the maximum collapse index in any pixel must be less than a certain threshold, are two contributions of this work. Five optimisation processes are developed to locate between up to five FS and create collapse index maps in the Madrid Region. The maximum collapse index in a pixel with a new FS decreases from its initial value of 10,485 min to 2500 min when five new FS are built. The conclusion is that the proposed optimisation model meets the need for reliability in the emergency services and that the collapse index is a good measure to prevent overlapping in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research is aimed to analyze textual descriptions of harassment situations collected anonymously by the Hollaback! project. Hollaback! is an international movement created to end harassment in all of its forms. Its goal is to collect stories of harassment through the web and a free app all around the world to elevate victims' individual voices to find a societal solution. Hollaback! pretends to analyze the impact of a bystander during a harassment in order to launch a public awareness-raising campaign to equip everyday people with tools to undo harassment. Thus, the analysis presented in this paper is a first step in Hollaback!'s purpose: the automatic detection of a witness intervention inferred from the victim's own report. In a first step, natural language processing techniques were used to analyze the victim's free-text descriptions. For this part, we used the whole dataset with all its countries and locations. In addition, classification models, based on machine learning and soft computing techniques, were developed in the second part of this study to classify the descriptions into those that have bystander presence and those that do not. For this machine learning part, we selected the city of Madrid as an example, in order to establish a criterion of the witness behavior procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESTOA: Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca is the property of ESTOA Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the effect of the COVID-19 induced lockdown upon six pollutants, CO, NO, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and O3, in the Spanish community of Madrid. The paper relies on clustering methods and multiple regression techniques to control for a battery of potential confounding factors. The results show that the nationwide lockdown, decreed on 13 March by the Spanish government, exerted a statistically significant effect upon most pollution indicators. The estimates range from approximately −82% (NO and NO2) to −3% (CO). Reversely, the COVID-19 induced lockdown raised O3 levels by an average of 20%. By using data from 43 stations spread out among the region, the paper provides a local level analysis. This analysis reveals substantial differences across areas and across pollutants. This observation indicates that any successful approach to improve air quality in the region must be multidimensional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While many studies analyze the effect of extreme thermal events on health, little has been written about the effects of extreme cold on mortality. This scarcity of papers is particularly relevant when we search studies about extreme cold on the health of rural population. Therefore, we tried to analyze the effect of cold waves on urban areas and rural areas from Madrid and to test whether differentiated effects exist between both population classes. For this purpose, we analyzed data from the municipalities with over 10,000 inhabitants for the period from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2013. Municipalities were classified as urban or rural (Eurostat), and they were grouped into similar climatological zones: Urban Metropolitan Centre (UMC), Rural Northern Mountains (RNM), Rural Centre (RC) and Southern Rural (SR). The dependent variable was the daily mortality rate due to natural causes per million inhabitants (CIE-X: A00-R99) that occurred between the months of November and March for the period. The independent variable was minimum daily temperature (ºC) (Tmin). Social and demographic contextual variables were used, including: population > age 64 (%), deprivation index and housing indicators. The analysis was carried out in three phases: (1) determination of the threshold temperature (Tthreshold) which defines the cold waves; (2) determination of the relative risk (RR) for cold waves using Poisson linear regression (GLM); and (3) using GLM of the binomial family, Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated to analyze the relationship between the frequency of the appearance of cold waves and the socioeconomic variables. Results: The UMC zone experienced 585 extreme cold events related to attributable increases in the mortality rate. The average number of cold waves in the rural zones was 319. The primary risk factor was the percentage of population over age 64, and the primary protective factor was housing rehabilitation. As a whole, the period experienced more cold waves (1542) than heat waves (1130). Conclusion: The UMC was more vulnerable than the rural areas. Furthermore, the results support the development of prevention policies, especially considering the fact that cold wave events were more frequent than heat waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anagnórisis: Revista de Investigación Teatral is the property of Anagnorisis: Revista de Investigacion Teatral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social is the property of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to explore the political messages painted on Madrid's walls by urban artists from the beginning of this artistic and political movement (the end of the 1990s) to the present day. We developed an extensive field-work that has helped us to create the first compilation of the key political messages of urban art in Madrid, based on an exploratory research approach complemented by the use of social media search. This descriptive and documentary approach was followed while keeping in mind that a wall is a public channel open to all and an outstanding method for expressing any political opinion with the greatest amount of visibility. Over the time span analyzed, the investigation discovered 15 urban artists with political content in their artistic production. The findings indicate that the political theme of these artists' works focuses primarily on condemning the Spanish government for current issues such as corruption or the economic crisis, as well as past events such as the Iraq War. Other recurring themes include social criticism of municipal policies and the living conditions of underprivileged groups such as refugees and beggars, as well as support for feminism and critiques of the rapid gentrification process of certain historic Madrid neighborhoods, such as Malasaña and Lavapiés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper the performance of different Machine Learning and Deep Learning approaches is evaluated in problems related to green mobility in big cities. Specifically, the forecasting of bike sharing demand in Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) is approached, for different prediction time-horizons, and also a problem of cable car demand forecasting in Madrid city. An important number of predictive variables are considered, which are grouped into four different sets (categorical/calendrical, persistence-based, meteorological and, as a novelty of the paper, information about analogue past instances), whose relevance is studied for all cases. A feature selection mechanism is also incorporated in order to improve the prediction accuracy of the proposed algorithms. A total of 12 different multivariate regression techniques are implemented, covering from Machine Learning methods to time-series Deep Learning approaches. Excellent results in all the prediction problems approached are reported. Finally, the consequences of obtaining accurate prediction in these three problem of green mobility in big cities are discussed. In addition, it is studied how the results could be exported to other similar cases in more general urban mobility studies. Novelties of the work include: (1) Addressing the forecast problem of passenger flow on a cable car using ML and DL multivariate techniques; (2) using the demand of analogous past instances as an additional feature to solve the demand prediction problems; and (3) the extraction of global conclusions about feature relevance when addressing a demand forecasting problem in green mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents news and information related to organization studies worldwide in 1989 and 1990. The 1990 World Congress of Sociology will be held by the Sociology of Organizations in Madrid, Spain. The annual conference titled "Organisation and Control of the Labour Process" will be held by Aston University in England. The Second Conference on Socio-Economics will be held at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Information on the Coudenhove-Kalergi Foundation, European University Award for 1989 is given. The Seventh International Conference on Organizational Symbolism and Corporate Culture will be held at the University of Saarland in Saarbrucken, Germany.

Fernando Cavestany (1922-1974) was an architect whose short but intense professional career always went hand in hand with a passion for drawing. Even as a student, and later as a practicing architect, he worked as an illustrator for the magazine Revista Nacional de Arquitectura, as did Joaquín Vaquero Turcios, José Luis Picardo, Ramón Vázquez Molezún, and more. This article aims to be a first probe into the graphic work of Fernando Cavestany. To this end, RNA has been used as guiding thread, given that it was the medium he most assiduously published his drawings in. In addition to showing the Madrid architect's drawing skills, this paper seeks to uphold the work of draftspersons, drawing attention to how their drawings, always one of a kind, added expressive quality to architecture journals. In Fernando Cavestany's case, the range of techniques and themes was broad, but there is a prevalence of the spur-of-the-moment travel sketch, which he relished doing all his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Geograficas is the property of Universidad de Alicante, Instituto Universitario de Geografia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Geograficas is the property of Universidad de Alicante, Instituto Universitario de Geografia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie V, Historia Contemporánea is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Documenta & Instrumenta is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Turismo is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evaluating spatial inequalities using a single walking accessibility measure is quite challenging. In response, the paper proposes combining two accessibility measures (real and potential) to provide additional insights into the identification and mapping of spatial inequalities. The municipality of Getafe in the Madrid Metropolitan Area, Spain serves as a case study. A questionnaire, administered via face-to-face interviews, recorded the resident's walking preferences for reaching in-store retail. A gravity-based model was used to calculate real and potential accessibilities, which were combined to map four accessibility places that originate spatial inequalities: advantageous, moderately advantageous, moderately disadvantageous, and disadvantageous. The results suggest that potential accessibility values are higher than real accessibility values, and the final map shows the city centre residents (mostly seniors) benefit from the advantageous accessibility places. Disadvantageous places are mainly found in the city's periphery, where younger people live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although mapping long-term scenarios can be considered crucial in decision-making, its inclusion in planning processes remains a challenge. This paper aims to gain insights into this by showing a participatory mapping method that creates a dialogue and interaction space between stakeholders and experts. The research was based on three 2050 visions, taking as a case study the eastern sector of the metropolitan area of Madrid, Spain. The method consisted of conducting a participatory mapping workshop involving urban planners, transport engineers, environmental consultants, and property developers. Those experts mapped transformations in urban land use for each 2050 scenario. The results evidenced differences between the three 2050 scenarios, highlighting the usefulness of the participatory mapping workshop to represent the amount and nature of growth in urban land use and organisation of the transport network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cuadernos de Lingüística Hispánica is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gender stereotyping remains a pervasive issue in society. Gender stereotypes are cognitive structures containing socially shared knowledge and expectations about women and men. Research has found that the dimensions evaluation (sweetheart vs. bitch) and traditionality (businessman vs. stay-at-home dad) have high explanatory power for identifying gender stereotypes. As a pilot study, the current paper investigates the traditionality and evaluation perceptions of expressions for women and men in English and Spanish, analysing them in the framework of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory. In an online questionnaire, university students in London and Madrid rated 20 expressions for women (e.g. Eng. bitch, Spa. princesa) and men (e.g. Eng. player, Spa. cabrón), previously produced by themselves in single brainstorming sessions. The results indicate the existence of gender stereotypes, especially regarding promiscuity, and a correlation between traditionality and evaluation. Surprisingly and contrary to previous research, female participants produce more promiscuous subtypes than male participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Philostrato is the property of Epiarte, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The aim of this paper is to analyze the differences in the coordination of chronic illness care between the different public hospital management models coexisting in the Spanish region of Madrid (25 hospitals) during the period 2013-2017.Methods: The performance of hospitals might be affected by the characteristics of the population they serve and, therefore, this information should be taken into account when estimating efficiency measures. For this purpose, we apply the nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) conditioned to some contextual variables and adapted to a dynamic framework, so that we can assess hospitals during a five-year period. The outputs considered are preventable hospitalizations, readmissions for heart failure and readmissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whereas the inputs considered are the number of beds, personnel (physicians and other healthcare professionals) and total expenditure on goods and services.Results: The results suggest that the level of efficiency demonstrated by the public-private collaboration models of hospital management is higher than traditionally managed hospitals throughout the analyzed period. Nevertheless, we notice that efficiency differences among hospitals are significantly reduced when contextual factors were taken into account.Conclusions: Hospitals managed under public-private collaboration models are more efficient than those under traditional management in terms of chronic illness care coordination, being this difference attributable to more agile and flexible management under the collaborative models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2007, the excavation of the M-30 ring road located in Madrid and the creation of a green corridor either side of the Manzanares river brought significant change to the metropolitan area. The corridor and linear park which it provided were designed to contribute to the regeneration of the fluvial ecosystem, establish links among residents on each side of the river and promote cultural and leisure activities. This paper provides a sustainability analysis of the excavation of the M-30 (involving the socio-economic and environmental impact) 14 years after its construction. In order to show such an impact, an analysis of the area both prior to the project and after completion, as well as a hypothetical solution that uses improved materials, has been performed. This entails use of the multi-criteria decision-making model named MIVES (initials in Spanish, modelo integrado de valor para una evaluación sostenible). The MIVES method is based on the application of value functions of sustainability indicators selected by socio-economic and environmental criteria, chosen by experts. Results from analysis showed that the excavation of the M-30 considerably improved the sustainability of the area (sustainable index 3.43 and 6.26 both before and after the excavation works). However, use of improved materials in contrast with the application of conventional materials slightly improved the sustainability of the work (Sustainability Index 6.26 and 6.74, respectively, of the conventional materials). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to contrast whether cognitive memory and emotional recall related to a tragic event and exposure to advertisements that evoke such an experience generates a negative emotional change in the target. We performed an experiment that analyzes emotional changes derived from advertisements featured in the national press ten years after terrorist attacks. We chose the attacks: September 11, 2001, in New York City, and March 11, 2004, in Madrid and analyze the cognitive recall in a set of Spanish and United States focus groups. The results show a significant emotional change in the respondents after the advertisement visualization that is more strongly linked to the recall of a negative event than to the advertisement creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of Spain's economic crisis, waves of protests have transformed the streets of Spanish cities into sites of place-specific spatial activism. City space has been shaped through protest, marches, squatting and street art. During Spain's austerity years, street art has become an important part of political participation. Based on artists' interviews and on my visual ethnographic research in the Spanish cities of Madrid (2013-2016) and Valencia (2016), this paper seeks to illuminate how political street art forms a part of social expression toward the authorities. Street art is a media through which artists can question decision-makers and challenge policies made by statesmen. The examples of political street art highlight how creative contestations become barometers of dissatisfaction and how street art confronts institutional power. Ultimately, political street art is argued in Spicca and Perdue's (2014) term as 'spatial citizenship' producing more polyphonic space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present research into narratives on immigrants and immigration, to identify cases of hate speech on the part of political parties against immigrants on Twitter during the 2019 and 2021 electoral campaigns in the Community of Madrid. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, the results confirm the exponential increase by all parties in discussion on the issue of immigration and that the political agenda and public discourse is increasingly framed by hate speech towards unaccompanied minors and undocumented migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Those requiring emergency health care cannot wait. Ambulances must arrive at the scene as quickly as possible. Ambulances are usually assigned to bases distributed throughout the city to minimize arrival time to the event. However, the spatial distribution of events changes during the day according to people's rhythm and city use. This paper evaluates, through location-allocation modelling, the Spatio-temporal performance of SAMUR-PC, the Emergency Medical Service of Madrid (Spain), in two different scenarios, before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the first months of the new normality period. The results show that the system responded relatively well to the change in event patterns due to the pandemic. However, some interventions would have been necessary to guarantee the same service as before the epidemiological crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics is the property of Universidade de Vigo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Madrid Regional Government (Central Spain) proposes a zone of the Guadarrama Mountains to be declared as a National Park. This paper reports on the zoning method developed to this end. The procedure followed considers compatibility of land uses with landscape characteristics and proposes protecting a part of the zone through declaration of National Park status and declaring another part as a Regional Park. The approach is based upon a multivariate environmental analysis aimed at zoning for optimal location of potential activities. The zoning permits the design of protected areas following the criteria underlying the declaration of these two categories in accordance with the Spanish environmental legislation in force. A practical tool for policy decision-making is provided. However, the final decision taken by policymakers in the design and zoning of protected areas differed from the model output used by the scientists. This is discussed in the paper to illustrate the interactions between political decision-making and scientific modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the 3D foot and center of gravity motion planning for the humanoid robot called the "local axis gait" (LAG) algorithm. It permits walking on different kinds of surfaces, such as planes, ramps or stairs. Furthermore, continuous change of the step length and orientation in real time will be possible, due to the real-time linear dynamics model of the walking pattern of the humanoid. The robot model is based on the cart table formulation for planning the center of gravity (COG) and zero moment point (ZMP) motion. The proposed algorithm takes into account physical robot constraints such as joint angles, angular velocity and torques. Torques are computed by the Lagrange method under screws and Lie groups. The LAG is divided into several stages: computation of the footprints; the decision of the ZMP limits around the footprints; the dynamic humanoid COG motion generation based on the cart table model; and joining the footprints of the swing foot by splines. In this way it is possible to generate each step online, using the desired footprints as input. In order to compute the joint torque limits, the Lagrangian method is used under the Lie groups and screw theory. The paper presents and discusses some successful results on the LAG in the full-size humanoid robot Rh-1 developed in the Roboticslab of University Carlos III of Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This paper provides evidence about the relevant role of geography on spatial local networks in trade credit between industrial reduced size companies and distin- guishing the spatial behavior according to the firms' size and technological intensity. Using data from a survey of small and medium companies in the municipality of Madrid (Spain), we find significant spatial effects in trade credit between spatially close industrial companies. Whereas prior work has examined the temporal dynamics in trade credit with aggregated information, the spatial dimension with firm level data has not been considered before in trade credit studies and is the aim of this study. We find significant results for the spatio-temporal networks between geographically close companies which cause interaction effects in the proposed models by concluding that firms' surrounding local characteristics impact the issue of trade credit for each company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this paper is to analyse whether the evolution of NO2 and PM10 emission levels in the Madrid metropolitan area with heavy traffic are affected by business cycles (comprised of a boom, recession and recovery). Therefore, we explore if economic developments act as automatic environmental stabilizers in an urban context in order to provide guidelines for environmental policymaking in large cities. Considering the continuous nature of the particles that this paper analyses, functional data have been used and the most suitable statistical method has been applied to this information’s typology. The aim is to capture the behaviour of NO2 and PM10 particles throughout the booming years (2001-2005), the recession (2008-2012) and the recovery (2014-2018) periods. The results obtained through the Kendall’s functional Tau statistic have revealed that the similarities and differences found between the booming years, the recession and the recovery prove the effect of the economy’s cyclical fluctuations on pollution levels. This is due to the fact that the negative and close to zero correlations obtained through these periods represent a sign that pollution levels regarding these two particles are significantly different during the phases of business cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]