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This article presents abstracts of research papers presented at the thirty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology in San Francisco, California. Some of the topics discussed in these research papers are de-differentiated metastatic melanoma masquerading as a high grade pos, folliculocystic eccrine hamartoma, histologic features of lichen sclerosus in a surgical scar, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, mixed merkel cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and melanoma in situ and tumor vascularity.

The article presents various abstracts of papers presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology, during December 2-4, 1992, held at Grand Hyaff, in San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Some of the abstracts are, "Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Strongly Express CD34," by D.A. Altman B.J. Nickoloff and D.P. Fivenson, "Plexiform and other Unusual Variants of Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma," by Z.B. Argenyi, P.H. Cooper and D. Santa Cruz, "The Significance of Clinically Observed, Black Dots, Within Melanocyctic Nevi," by J. Bolognia and P.E. Shapiro, and others.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of American Society of Dermatopathology, held in San Francisco, California. The meeting was held from November 29 to December 1, 1989. Some abstracts which were presented at the meeting are "Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma," by R. Cerio, D. McGibbon and E. Wilson Jones, "Pemphigus Vulgaris Affecting A Pilar Cyst," by W.R. Coleman and R.P. Kaplan and "The Cutaneous Signs of Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis," by K.G. Carison and L.E. Gibson.

Presents abstracts of papers that would be presented at the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological research in San Francisco, California in October 1988.

Accessory dwelling units (ADUs) have been championed as a low-cost solution—both monetarily and politically—for America's housing affordability crisis. However, do these micro-units provide a city's lower-income community members with much needed affordable housing? And which income groups benefit from the theoretical supplemental income created by ADUs? Using socioeconomic data, building permit information, and geospatial analysis, this paper explores these questions by conducting a case study of the archetype of America's housing affordability crisis: San Francisco, California. Finding that, within the city and sample frame, few ADU permits have been filed in the most price-vulnerable communities, this paper challenges the theoretical benefits of ADUs espoused by politicians and academics. If the city continues to lean on ADU legislation, local legislators must strengthen current enforcement mechanisms and more narrowly tailor ADU-related rental restrictions. By offering model legislation and code language, this paper illustrates how San Francisco and other communities across the country can better ensure ADUs live up to their promise of affordability and access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the role of televised sports in married life. It documents how adults integrate televised sports into their relationship with their spouse and evaluate its impact on that relationship. Telephone interviews were conducted with 399 married adults residing in San Francisco and Indianapolis. Respondents were asked about their own TV sports viewing behaviors as well as those of their spouse. Televised sports appears to play a generally positive albeit small role in marital life. TV sports viewing often is a shared activity and does not appear to trigger many scheduling or TV viewing conflicts. And, when such conflicts occurs, they appear to be resolved amicably and easily. It may be that accommodations for differing interests in TV sports are resolved early in a marital relationship, along with other accommodations that marriage often dictates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, carsharing has grown considerably in the United States, particularly in major metropolitan areas. This innovative business model offers individuals the opportunity to rent cars by the hour, providing them with greater flexibility for their mobility. Previous work on carsharing suggests that its adoption leads to a decline in household vehicle ownership, vehicle miles traveled, and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Utilizing representative data from the 2010–2012 California Household Travel Survey, this paper presents an analysis of travel behavior and vehicle ownership among carshare members versus non-members in the San Francisco Bay Area, focusing on a subsample of the population with access to carsharing at the U.S. census tract level. Consistent with previous findings on vehicle reduction, these results show that carsharing members own significantly fewer vehicles than non-members. However, lower levels of vehicle ownership are only found among households living in urban areas. In dense, urban neighborhoods, households with carsharing membership own 0.58 vehicles per household as compared with 0.96 vehicles of a control group. Suburban carshare members drive less than their non-carshare member counterparts – although the extent to which this difference can be attributed to self-selection it is unknown. This study also finds that among carsharing households that do own vehicles, a greater share of those vehicles are alternative vehicles (e.g., hybrid, plug-in hybrid electric, and battery electric). Among vehicles owned by the subsample examined in this study, electric drive vehicles represent 18.3% of those owned by carshare member households, as compared with 10.2% of the vehicles owned by non-carsharing households. This analysis finds that not only are urban carshare members likely to own fewer vehicles than the rest of the population, if they do own vehicles, they are more likely to own a vehicle with a smaller environmental footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critics often mourn a loss of publicness in cities due to the increased presence of antiterror security zones and related behavioral and access controls, although recent work suggests that security landscapes have shifted from the hard, intense, militarized architecture of the late 1990s-early 2000s to a softer, less obtrusive approach more commonly seen today. Nonetheless, these studies are mostly anecdotal in nature: few studies attempt to back these claims with empirical evidence and even fewer connect this physical security imposition with the policies and plans governing its implementation and operation. In this paper I describe results of site visits to Civic Centers and Financial Districts in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. In each neighborhood I catalog security landscapes using a simple tool to assess the intensity, duration, and location of individual security zones. I find that the security landscape covers between 3.4% and 35.7% of publicly accessible space in the districts studied, and that this landscape is most prevalent and intense in New York City. I also find that security zones governed by multistakeholder networks are more intense and militarized than zones managed by a single entity. By understanding how the policies impact physical security, albeit in a relatively small sample of cities and districts, we can better predict what the future of urban security measures might hold. This paper provides empirical grounding to more common theoretical speculations regarding the future of the urban security landscape in the global West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social determinants of health refer to social, economic and environmental factors that influence well-being including economic inequality, residential segregation, sub-standard housing, lack of supermarkets, schools, transit and open-space, and disruptions to family and social networks. This paper asks whether and how the practice of health impact assessment (HIA) can integrate the social and physical determinants of health into planning processes, overcome institutional and analytic barriers for health analyses in environmental impact assessment, and offer a new model for healthy urban planning. This is done by examining how a municipal health agency, the San Francisco Department of Public Health, utilized HIA to conduct health analyses of development projects, collaborate with other city agencies and community groups, and initiate a multi-stakeholder prescriptive HIA all aimed at integrating health into environmental planning practices. This case is important because the San Francisco DPH is the first city agency in the US to experiment with using HIA that aims to capture the physical and social environmental health impacts of projects and plans. The paper finds that HIA can inject the social determinants of health into planning when public agencies embrace an expanded definition of environmental health, organize health advocacy networks within and outside government, and generate a broad scientific evidence base to substantiate policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1984 debate about closing the baths in San Francisco the mayor directed the police to investigate sexual behavior in the bathhouses and write a report for her. The directive had been a secret, but when the community learned of the report, its response was quick and furious. The mayor squelched the report and no one but the report's authors, the mayor, and probably a handful of intermediaries ever saw the written report. In response to this investigation, two local journalists conducted a more open investigation that resulted in a newspaper article for Coming Up!, a lesbian and gay community newspaper published monthly in San Francisco (California). This article is reprinted here in large part because of its scientific rather than journalistic or historical value. These investigators approached their work systematically (certainly much more so than many other scientists, journalists or police professionals at the time), and as a result, their article provides a much more thorough description of what was happening in the baths at that point in the AIDS epidemic. Interestingly, many public policy options considered today were already part of the discussion then and, at times, already in place in the San Francisco bathhouses. Of note, at the time, orgy rooms were considered likely to be contributing to transmission, thus the authors gave particular attention to its presence/absence and use. The original paper was published in the July 1984 edition (pp. 17-22). As with all the reprinted papers in this volume, no editorial changes were made to the paper and only minor typographical errors were corrected. The editor of Coming Up! included a preface to the article in the original publication, and that preface is also reprinted here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Graham and Guy analyse the political and spatial contestations surrounding the rapid recent growth of gentrifying IT-clusters in downtown San Francisco. The emphasis is on how new, high-capacity internet infrastructures and services, and the technoscientific apparatus to maintain, use and apply such infrastructures, are implicated in the restructuring of politics and landscapes of this particular central city. In particular, the authors focus on the complex urban and technological politics surrounding the 'dot-com invasion' of IT entrepreneurs and internet industries to downtown San Francisco. The paper explores how this urban place has been forcefully appropriated as a strategic site of digital capitalism, under intense resistance and contestation from a wide alliance of social movements struggling to maintain the city as a site of Bohemian counter-culture and social and cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores drug use in the lives of female gang members. Gang researchers have traditionally neglected the roles that females play in street gangs. More recent efforts have begun to examine the social life of young women and to uncover the extent to which the women develop a subculture within a male-dominated environment. In analyzing the culture of drug use in gang life, we uncover the extent to which women use illicit drugs in a highly gendered way. We focus on the ways in which female gang members use drugs in a recreational manner, in a social setting where drug taking is normative behavior. Data for this paper are drawn from an ongoing study of street gangs in the San Francisco Bay area in which 168 female gang members were interviewed using both a quantitative and a qualitative interview schedule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses, in brief, about some of the papers presented at the 2001 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, held in San Francisco, California. All these papers have a common theme to bring legislative affairs into the limelight. The paper "A Tools of the Trade' Look at the Comparing Congress with State Legislatures" offers a primer on comparing and contrasting U.S. Congress with the American state legislatures. The paper "Senate Apprenticeship in Historical Perspective" addresses the conventional wisdom among U.S. senators.

Many cities build public garages at great cost but with scant public scrutiny or economic analysis. Other than aiming to recover the cost of debt service and operations, cities appear to have few clear policy aims in managing these garages. In this paper, we outline how U.S. cities currently manage off-street parking structures under their control. We argue that this management largely ignores the logic of both economics and public benefits. We also make the conceptual case for how cities should manage their parking assets to maximize public benefits. Finally, we examine the most promising example of off-street parking public management, using data from 14 garages included in San Francisco's SF park program. We find that SF park increased the public use of garages by more than a third, reduced the average price for drivers, and maintained a stable revenue stream for the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An awareness of the growing importance of the Chinese overseas was recognized in convening the major conference Luodi-shenggen: The Legal Political and Economic Status of Chinese in Diaspora, which was held in San Francisco, California in November 1992. The organizing committee had designated five major themes around which participants could write their papers. Panels were created around these themes, with additional panels developed around topics that emerged as being of concern as planning for the conference progressed. Concern tended to center around the general issues of overseas Chinese communities and, in particular, the origin and structure of new Chinatowns. In total, over 140 papers were presented encompassing these themes during the three days of the conference. Just under half of the papers were presented in Chinese and the rest in English. The sessions on business relations devoted much attention to the strategies of Chinese entrepreneurs within both local and regional contexts. The sessions on migration covered the gamut from theoretical, global aspects of the Chinese diaspora to local dimensions of the Chinese migrant and criminal law. Particular attention was focused on two of the main destinations of migration such as Australia and Canada.

With the huge influx of immigrants into the United States in recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted to describing the extent and variation of labour market concentration across ethnic groups within or between regions. However, there is no consensus among social scientists on how to measure and identify ethnic labour market concentration patterns. The issues mainly include, firstly, how to define an employment sector - as an industrial or an occupational sector; secondly, how to break down employment categories; and thirdly the extent to which a job sector can be identified as an ethnic-concentrated sector, that is, what index and what threshold value should be used to define a 'niche' sector? Using the case of Chinese in the San Francisco Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area, this paper demonstrates how different choices could encourage different evaluation and understanding of multi-ethnic urban labour market segmentation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of various research papers on perinatal pediatrics that will be discussed in the 2004 National Conference and Exhibition, to be held from October 8-10, 2004 in San Francisco, California. Inflammatory mediators increase in response to various neonatal clinical conditions such as infection and hypoxia-ischemia. This study was conducted to determine which inflammatory mediators increase during and following asphyxia in piglets and to assess the effects of volume resuscitation following asphyxia on these inflammatory mediators. Neonates with congenital heart disease may require surgical repair with cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

What information may be extracted over urban area by means of joint analysis of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) remote sensing data? We exploit aerial, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Laser Induced Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data to characterize precisely the Presidio area in San Francisco. We discriminate between different objects in the scene using their 2D and 3D characteristics. The final product of the analysis is a set of raster or vector information layers providing land covers, 3D building shapes and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) of the Presidio. This paper investigates the relative merits of the collected data in retrieving each of these information layers, and examines how automatic algorithms to extract land cover, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and 3D building shape could be integrated in a processing chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper formulates and applies a unified mixed-logit framework for joint analysis of revealed and stated preference data that accommodates a flexible competition pattern across alternatives, scale difference in the revealed and stated choice contexts, heterogeneity across individuals in the intrinsic preferences for alternatives, heterogeneity across individuals in the responsiveness to level-of-service factors, state-dependence of the stated choices on the revealed choice, and heterogeneity across individuals in the state-dependence effect. The estimation of the mixed logit formulation is achieved using simulation techniques that employ quasi-random Monte Carlo draws. The formulation is applied to examine the travel behavior responses of San Francisco Bay Bridge users to changes in travel conditions. The data for the study are drawn from surveys conducted as part of the 1996 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Study. The results of the mixed logit formulation are compared with those of more restrictive structures on the basis of parameter estimates, implied trade-offs among level-of-service attributes, heterogeneity and state-dependence effects, data fit, and substantive implications of congestion pricing policy simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents an empirical application of a congestion–alleviation strategy that C. Daganzo [Transportation Research B 29 (1995) 139–154] proposed as a “hybrid between rationing and pricing”. This strategy is applied to the San Francisco Bay Bridge corridor, in search of a practical and Pareto-improving solution to the Bridge''s congestion. The work relies on a mode-split model for work trips across four different income groups residing in 459 origin zones, and it applies an equilibrium analysis based on Bridge performance. Results indicate that modal utilities (and thus choices) are sensitive to the specific combination of toll and rationing rate, as well as to the Bridge''s travel-time (or performance) function, and the length of the congested section. Though no combination of tolls plus rationing rates was found to benefit all groups of travelers studied, further investigations may improve upon these results by refining some of the assumptions made here. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The San Francisco, California, bay area is subject to continuous seismic risk. One particular response has been the development of community-based training programmes designed to teach residents basic emergency response skills. Citizens are taught emergency medical techniques, search and rescue, fire suppression and other fundamental response skills. Current estimates in the Bay Area place the number of programmes at more than 100. Many programmes now include an annual community drill to reinforce the training and to evaluate the programme. The study described here is based on an evaluation of an effort initiated by BayNET (Bay Area Neighborhood Emergency Training), a voluntary association of communities with community-based disaster preparedness programmes. In April 1996, BayNET asked all of its members to hold a community earthquake drill. After the drill, a mail survey was conducted of all programme managers. The survey examined the structure and administration of the programmes, training efforts and other related components. This paper describes the typology of drill formats that communities used, the role of the simulation in the city's preparedness efforts, the qualitative costs and benefits, as well as an assessment of the drill based on survey respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine the effects of different components of corporate culture on two different categories of action in both routine and jolted environments. Data were collected on a heterogeneous sample of 54 corporations in the San Francisco Bay Area. We examined how the values, knowledge, and practices dimensions of corporate culture influenced actions to prepare for responding to future earthquake disasters and actions to mitigate or reduce future physical and associated earthquake losses. The findings show that corporate earthquake culture is a multidimensional concept, that varied elements of culture function to impact corporate action differently is distinct organizational environments, and that culture's impact on organizational action is contingent on the type of action being considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and violence has become a topic of increasing concern. Women's involvement in perpetrating violence, especially girl gang members, also has raised national concern. The participation of young women in gangs and gang violence has caused public consternation as they are perceived to be violating traditional notions of femininity. In spite of this increased concern and burgeoning literature, significant gaps still exist in our understanding of the role of young women in gangs, the nature and extent of female gang members' victimization, and the extent of their involvement in perpetrating violence. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of violence in the lives of female gang members. The analysis draws from the qualitative and quantitative data of an ongoing comparative study on ethnic youth gangs in the San Francisco Bay Area. The analysis is organized around the situations of violence these young women face from early childhood within the family setting to their current status within the gang and on the streets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses community members' descriptions of subgroups of gay and bisexual men in San Francisco. Five group categories are identified and subjected to detailed analysis. These are labelled leather, men of colour, activists, men who go to clubs and younger. While some of these groups meet established criteria of 'community', they do so in different ways suggesting the existence of relatively discrete sub-communities within the San Francisco gay community. While the gay community is often conceived of as monolithic it may in fact be culturally heterogenous. An alternate multi-constitutive model of community is proposed to account for this cultural heterogeneity. We also discuss how some sub-communities develop around culturally charged areas of difference, and consider the possible implications of these differences for future community interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the "San Francisco model" of AIDS/HIV education, including definitions of and teaching modalities for safer sex, is popularly associated with San Francisco's gay community, many bisexuals and bisexual activists were instrumental in defining, promoting and teaching safer sex strategies during the early years of the HIV epidemic, notably 1981 through 1987. Our research has documented many instances of this work. This paper seeks to restore bisexual sex educators, activists, sex workers, and other concerned community members to their earned position as instrumental to the community-based struggle to prevent AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a qualitative analysis of sexual episodes reported in the context of in-depth interviews with gay men in San Francisco. The analysis is based not on comparisons between individuals or groups, but rather on comparisons between sexual episodes — protected and unprotected, risky and safe — within individuals' sexual lives. The analysis revealed a convergence of six important factors in risky sexual encounters, including negative emotional states prior to the encounters, sex under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol, and low perceptions of sexual control. The findings suggest that individuals come to sexual encounters in search of experiences other than simply sex, such as interpersonal connection, social acceptance or emotional release. In those cases where the need for connectedness, affirmation, or self-worth is so great and deeply felt, individuals' usual concern for sexual safety and health seems to be overpowered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares alcohol consumption and casualties in probability samples of two diverse emergency room populations: San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) (n = 2516) and four hospitals representative of a nearby California county (n = 3609). Both studies used similar methods and data collection instruments. Patients were breathalysed and interviewed regarding self-reported alcohol consumption 6 hours prior to the injury or illness event, usual drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems. Injuries were found to be positively associated with breathalyser readings, self-reported consumption prior to the event and more frequent heavy drinking in both samples. In the county sample injuries were also positively associated with more frequent drunkenness, symptoms of alcohol dependence and loss of control and prior alcohol-related accidents. The SFGH sample had higher rates than the county sample on all alcohol variables and both samples reported higher rates of alcohol-related problems than that found in U.S. general population surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the abstracts of papers presented during the 1997 American Uveitis Society Annual Meeting held October 27 at the Westin Saint Francis Hotel in San Francisco, California. Themes; Authors.

The article examines the administration of drug policy and AIDS prevention in San Francisco, California between 1985 and 1990, the period during which the "second wave" of AIDS was spreading among injection drug users (IDU) and their sexual partners. The following socio-historical analysis examines the development and ultimate disintegration of a the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) outreach demonstration AIDS project in San Francisco drawing on Social Worlds or Arena theory. The analysis is able to examine much of what government sponsors like NIDA routinely rely on and take for granted in funding demonstration projects. Efforts in San Francisco to expand AIDS prevention services to IDU from a small-scale pilot project to the entire metropolitan area in I 986. An important part of this effort was the submission of a grant application in response to request for proposals by NIDA to fund demonstration outreach projects. As was required the proposal described both the detailed intervention plan and evidence of collaboration and coordination with appropriate drug abuse, research, community service, and public health agencies. Analysis of the proposal and its aftermath indicates that in the pursuit of governmental funding, research projects, service agencies and community-based organizations may agree "on paper" to certain cooperative arrangements but such agreements can mask many areas of long standing conflict.

This paper describes the sexual behavior changes made by 686 gay and bisexual men in San Francisco between 1984 and 1988, focusing on the individual maintenance of this behavior change over time. There were drastic reductions in insertive and receptive unprotective anal intercourse over time and the vast majority of subjects were able to maintain these changes for at least 12 months prior to the last interview. A total of 12 percent of participants admitted to relapsing to unprotected receptive anal intercourse following initial behavior change; 10 percent reported engaging in unprotected receptive anal sex during every year of the study period. Men were more likely to practice unprotected anal intercourse in 1988 if at baseline they were younger, practiced unprotected anal intercourse, reported more sex partners, did not have a close friend or lover with AIDS, and engaged in fewer other health-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the highlights of the 74th annual meeting of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers that was held at the Holiday Inn Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco, California from September 28 to October 1, 2011. Topics covered include the universities represented at the event, field trips offered to the conference participants, and recipients of awards given during the event. Also cited are topics explored in paper sessions like hydrology, stream morphology and GIS mapping.

Features the Stone Clinic Web site in San Francisco, California. List of topics in Programs and Research section; Contents of the Patient Experiences section; Presentation of research papers related to sports injuries.