242 results on '"İnek"'
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2. Endocrinological and Metabolic Profile in Relation to Pregnancy at the First Insemination in Cows Housed Under Cold Conditions.
- Author
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CENGİZ, Mehmet, TOHUMCU, Vefa, FURQAN ASGHAR CHACHER, Muhammad, HAYIRLI, Armağan, KAYNAR, Özgür, İLERİTÜRK, Mustafa, YILMAZ, Emre, BALLI, Bulent, and ÇOLAK, Armağan
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CATTLE fertility , *SOMATOMEDIN C , *ANTI-Mullerian hormone , *COWS , *PREGNANCY - Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between endocrinological and metabolic profiles and the pregnancy rate at the first insemination in peripartum dairy cows housed under cold conditions. Temperature inside the barn was recorded hourly during the periparturient period. Blood samples were collected before (last 14 day), on the day (0 day), and after parturition (3, 4, 6, 8, 15, 22, and 29 days) from 26 peripartum Simmental cows and analyzed for anti-Müllerian hormone, β-hydroxybutyric acid, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin, cortisol, malondialdehyde, progesterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine concentrations. The cows were divided into 2 groups: pregnant and non-pregnant based on results at the first insemination. The average ambient temperature ranged from -7°C to +11°C in the tent barn. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (2.00 ± 0.04 vs. 1.89 ± 0.04 mU/L; P < .006), insulin (2.10 ± 0.03 vs. 2.51 ± 0.05 ng/mL; P < .0001), malondialdehyde (49.0 ± 1.30 vs. 44.0 ± 1.2 ng/mL; P < .001), and progesterone (44.1 ± 2.2 vs. 41.7 ± 2.1 pg/mL; P < .002) concentrations were different between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. In conclusion, anti-Müllerian hormone and insulin have a determinative role on pregnancy rate in peripartum cows housed under cold condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effect of lactation number on some biochemical parameters in postpartum dairy cows.
- Author
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Elifoglu, Taha Burak and Kurt, Serdal
- Subjects
LACTATION in cattle ,LACTATION ,DAIRY cattle ,GAMMA-glutamyltransferase ,BLOOD urea nitrogen ,ASPARTATE aminotransferase ,MILK yield ,BLOOD proteins ,MILKFAT - Abstract
Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. General Properties and Effects of Some Husbandry Practices on Milk Yield in Dairy Farms of Ondokuz Mayıs District of Samsun Province
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Murat Satılmış and Savaş Atasever
- Subjects
i̇nek ,hayvansal üretim ,süt sığırcılığı ,sürü yönetimi ,süt verimi ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to reveal the structural properties and the effects of husbandry practices on milk yield in dairy farms of Ondokuz Mayıs district of Samsun. While the data were obtained by face-to-face surveys and observations in a total of 59 farms those had ≥10 head cattle between January and June 2018, environmental factors affecting daily milk yield (DMY) were separately evaluated. Important negativeneses were determined on the barn type, bedding material using, calving pens, weaning period of calves, claw care and udder cleaning in the farms. It was informed that local bazaars and cooperatives were commonly used for raw milk marketing, and high feed price was the most important problem. DMY was significantly affected by the experience of farm owner, number of the milking cows, amount of concentrate feed that given and milking type. It was concluded that farm properties and herd management methods have to be restored to elevate milk production in the investigated farms.
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- 2022
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5. Prognostic Value of Haptoglobin and Ceruloplasmin Levels Determined in Cows with Adhesive and Non-adhesive Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis.
- Author
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AKYÜZ, Enes and AYDIN, Uğur
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HAPTOGLOBINS , *CERULOPLASMIN , *ACUTE phase proteins , *PROGNOSIS , *COWS , *LEUKOCYTE count , *ADHESIVES - Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, some macro mineral levels and hematological parameters in cow with adhesive and non-adhesive traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP). For this purpose, 20 cow with adhesive TRP constituted group 1 (G1), 20 cow with non-adhesive TRP constituted group 2 (G2), and 20 healthy cow formed the control group (C). Blood samples were taken from cow with clinical suspicion of TRP, and the inflammation status was examined by performing the glutaraldehyde test. As a result of radiographic inspection, it was decided to perform rumenotomy for the cows determined that the foreign body had penetrated the reticulum. The cows were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of adhesion during the rumenotomy. Total leukocyte count was found to be significantly higher in G1 compared to G2 and C. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and albumin were found to be significantly lower in G1 and G2 compared to the C (P<0.05). Haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin were determined to be at the highest level in G1 compared to the other groups (P<0.05). In this study, detection of positive acute phase proteins with higher levels of G1 and lower levels of albumin was found to be important. In conclusion, we think that these parameters will provide important information in determining the presence of adhesion in cows with TRP. In addition, according to the information obtained from the cow owners after rumenotomy, it was learned that the general health status of the cows in G1 was distressed. In the light of these data, the relevant parameters before rumenotomy can give an idea for prognostic evaluation in TRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
6. Expression of Cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19 in the Period of Late Lactation and Involution in Cow Mammary Gland.
- Author
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ARKAŞ ALKLAY, Asuman, TOPALOĞLU, Uğur, ÇELENK, Fatma, AYDIN, Nurşin, BAYRAM, Bayram, and ATALAR, Ömer
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MAMMARY glands , *INTERMEDIATE filament proteins , *KERATIN , *LACTATION , *EPITHELIAL cells , *COWS , *CONNECTIVE tissues - Abstract
Cytokeratins are intermediate filament proteins found in epithelial cells. Specific cytokeratin expression has been suggested to mark different epithelial cell line and also to associate with mammary stem/progenitor cells. However, a comparative analysis of the expression of cytokaratins in the mammary gland during the late lactation and involution periods was limited. Here, the aim of the present study is to evaluate CK8, CK18 and CK19 expressions of the mammary gland in cows during late lactation and involution periods, immunohistochemically. The lobe and lobule structure were prominent in the mammary tissue in the late lactation period, but the amount of connective tissue started to increase, and epithelial cells found on the walls of the alveoli had different appearances based on their secretion status. The walls of the ducts were covered by simple columnar epithelial cells during late lactation. CK8 and CK18 showed strong expressions in the epithelial cells of several alveoli and ducts inside the lobes and lobules in the late lactation and involution periods. In both late lactation and involution periods, there was no CK19 expression in the mammary gland tissue. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that CK8 and CK18 were expressed in the alveolar and ductal epithelial cells of the mammary gland in cows in the late lactation and involution periods, but CK19 was not expressed. Thus, our study findings revealed the role of CK8 and CK18 in mammary epithelial differentiation and maintenance of the normal mammary epithelial layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Türkiye'de farklı niteliklere sahip süt sığırı işletmelerinde mastitisin koruma ve kontrolü kapsamındaki bazı uygulamaların düzeyleri.
- Author
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Rişvanlı, Ali, Saat, Nevzat, Şafak, Tarık, Yılmaz, Öznur, Yüksel, Burak Fatih, Kılınç, Mehmet Akif, Doğan, Halef, Yüksel, Murat, Kul, Selim, and Şeker, İbrahim
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MILK yield ,DAIRY farms ,SMALL farms ,DAIRY cattle ,DAIRY farming - Abstract
Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Effects of MBL1 Gene Polymorphism on Subclinical Mastitis in Holstein Cows.
- Author
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AKSEL, Esma Gamze, AKÇAY, Aytaç, ARSLAN, Korhan, SOHEL, Mahmodul Hasan, GÜNGÖR, Güven, and AKYÜZ, Bilal
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MASTITIS , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *COWS , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *GENE frequency - Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of three single nucleotide (SNPs) polymorphisms of the MBL1 gene on subclinical mastitis for Holstein cows. For this study, a total of 151 Holstein cows were selected in their third lactation. The subclinical mastitis conditions were determined using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Genotyping was carried out with the PCR-RFLP method. The results revealed that the wild-type allele frequencies were 0.72 (G allele), 0.40 (G allele), and 0.37 (T allele) for 1252 G>A, 2534 G>A, and 2569 T>C SNPs, respectively. Among the investigated SNPs, only the 1252 G>A SNP was not found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The effects of SNPs on subclinical mastitis were modeled using Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis. The established model can identify cows with subclinical mastitis with a separation efficiency of 62.3%. It was thought that 1252 G>A and 2534 G>A SNPs may affect subclinical mastitis rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. İneklerde Postpartum Dönemdeki Hastalıklarda Sitokin Düzeyleri.
- Author
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YILMAZ, Öznur and RİŞVANLI, Ali
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TUMOR necrosis factors , *NATURAL immunity , *IMMUNOSUPPRESSION , *IMMUNE system , *CYTOKINES , *LACTATION - Abstract
The increase in energy requirement as a result of the start of milk synthesis and decrease in feed consumption causes negative energy balance (NEB) in cows in periparturient period. Inability to adapt to the NEB results in metabolic diseases such as fatty liver and ketosis. Ketosis, abomasum displacement, metritis, immune system suppression and decrease in reproductive performance are seen as a result of fatty liver. The metabolic stress experienced by dairy cows during this period causes dysfunction in many ways on both natural and acquired immunity. The metabolic stress of dairy cows during this period cause many negative effects on both natural and acquired immunity. Cytokines, a molecule necessary for the functioning of both the innate and acquired immune system, have roles in many important physiological and pathological events in the organism. Cytokines can be classified as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory according to their functions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukine-1 Beta (IL-1ß), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-a), IL-6, IL-15, IL-8) play a role in the defence of the organism against pathogenic microorganisms and tumours, in particular by activating leukocytes. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) limit the inflammatory responses. In this review, it was aimed to give information about cytokine concentrations, which is one of the important indicators of immune system functions in dairy cattle periparturient period, its relationship with metabolic changes and diseases observed during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Influence of Claw Disorders on Milk Production in Simmental Dairy Cows.
- Author
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ZLATANOVIĆ, Zvonko, HRISTOV, Slavča, STANKOVIĆ, Branislav, CINCOVIĆ, Marko, NAKOV, Dimitar, and BOJKOVSKI, Jovan
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MILK yield , *DAIRY cattle , *CLAWS , *ESTRUS , *COWS , *LAMINITIS , *MAMMARY glands - Abstract
A study on claw disorders' influence on milk production was performed during one year on 226 Simmental loose-reared cows. The first trial group included 42, the second 37, and the third 34 cows, with claw changes observed in the first hundred days of lactation, between days 101 and 200, between days 201 and 305, respectively. The control group included 113 cows with no observed changes. Lameness intensity was assessed once a week. Milk yield data were collected three weeks before, in the week of treatment of claws and three weeks afterwards. There were significantly more cows with lameness in the third group than in the other two groups, as well as the most cows with one affected limb in the first hundred days of the lactation (P<0.05). Significantly fewer cows with two affected limbs were present in the first group. In the second group, more cows were observed with two affected limbs than in the first group (P<0.05). In the third group, more cows with three or four affected limbs were noticed than in the other groups. The most common claw disorders were: solar ulcer, laminitis, dermatitis digitalis and overgrown claws. Cows whose claws were affected between days 101 and 200 of lactation period produced 231 kg less milk than those of the control group; cows whose claws were affected in the last third of lactation produced 26 kg less milk. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found between milk yields of the control and trial groups (P>0.05). Cows affected in the first third of lactation produced less milk (324 kg) than both healthy and cows with claw changes manifested in later stages of lactation. Obtained data confirm that claw disorders may affect dairy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Sustainable Increase of Cow Milk Productivity Using Components of Siberian Forest and Alpha-Amylase Enzyme.
- Author
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IVANOV, Evgeny, IVANOVA, Olga, TERESHCHENKO, Vera, and EFIMOVA, Lyubov
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ALPHA-amylase , *MILKING , *MANUFACTURING processes , *FAT content of milk , *MILK yield , *LIGNINS , *CELLULOSE synthase , *MILKFAT - Abstract
At the places of harvesting coniferous trees and industrial nuts processing remains, a devastating amount of wastes litters large areas of land, poisons the air and the hydro-environment by the combustion products and toxic compounds released during decomposition. Therefore, the search for solution for the effective use of waste is an actual task. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of fodder additive made of forest waste resources and the enzymes on milk productivity of cows. The experiment has been held on black-and-white breed in Krasnoyarsk region. The experimental group received, in addition to the main diet, some fodder additives consisted of coniferous flower, crushed pine nut shells, arabinogalactane and amilosubtiline HCl enzyme. The analysis of coniferous flower demonstrated that it contains more copper by 41.6%, zinc-55.6%, magnesium-183.3%, chromium-66.7% than in pine nut shell thus, on the contrary, the content of lignin, cellulose and moisture, was more in the shell of pine nuts-24.2%, 9.7% and 5.0%, respectively. Under the effect of the test additives in cows of the experimental group milk yield was higher than the control group, 9.9% (P<0.05), fat mass fraction - 0.3% (P<0.05), the amount of milk basis of fat content 19.0%, in the blood was higher total protein content 2.7%, glucose - 4.0; albumin - 3.0; - creatinine 6.0; triglycerides by 11.1%; calcium 1.5%; phosphorous - 10.2; iron - on 3.6%, magnesium - 2.6%. Thus, the tested additives had a positive synergistic effect on the body of cows, which affected the increase in the quantity and quality of milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
12. İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis ile İlişkisi.
- Author
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SEKMEN, Göksu, ŞAFAK, Tarık, YILMAZ, Öznur, YÜKSEL, Burak Fatih, RİŞVANLI, Ali, and ŞEKER, İbrahim
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COMPOSITION of milk , *SOMATIC cells , *CHEMICAL properties , *STATISTICS , *GUTTA-percha , *MASTITIS - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ultrasonographic (USG) measurements of teat canal and mastitis in cows. For this purpose, the length and diameter of teat canal were USG measured at fifty teats belonging to fifteen cows aged three and five, between two and sixth months of lactation. According to the results of California Mastitis Test (CMT), the teats were divided into two groups as positive and negative. Somatic cell count (SCC) was determined in milk samples taken from teat. Consequently, statistical analysis of all data obtained, length and diameter of teat canal were compared in CMT negative and CMT positive animals. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for both parameters. Additively, there was a positive correlation (0.60) between the length and diameter of teat canal in the CMT positive group, and there were negative correlations between the teat canal length, milk density and mineral level (respectively, -0.46, and -0.45). Again, there was a negative correlation between the diameter of the teat canal and SCC (-0.48). In the comparison of milk components and some chemical properties between the CMT negative and CMT positive groups, statistically significant differences were found for other properties except fat (%) and mineral (%) values. In conclusion; It was concluded that there was no significant correlation between the length, diameter of teat canal and mastitis in cows, but it could be related with the parameters of milk composition and some chemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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13. The Effects of Presynch-10 and Ovsynch on Some Endometrial Tolland Nod-like Receptor Gene Expressions in Repeat Breeder Cows.
- Author
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AĞAOĞLU, Ali Reha, KORKMAZ AĞAOĞLU, Özgecan, ASLAN, Selim, KOCAMÜFTÜOĞLU, Mesih, KÖKER, Afşin, ÇETİN, Yunus, GÜNGÖR, Örsan, ÖZTÜRK, Dilek, and SAATCI, Mustafa
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GENE expression , *GENE expression profiling , *PATTERN perception receptors , *COWS , *NLRP3 protein , *ENDOMETRITIS - Abstract
Subclinical endometritis (SE) is one cause of repeat breeder syndrome (RBS). When endometrial cells come into contact with antigens during inflammatory events like endometritis, they act like innate immune system cells. Ovsynch-based therapies stimulate the innate immune system, which is how they may be able to cure SE and then RBS. This study aimed to assess the effects of presynch-10 and ovsynch applications on mRNA expressions of some endometrial Toll- and Nod-like receptors (TLRs and NLRs) in cows with RBS. A total of 40 repeat breeder cows were used in the study. The presynch-10 and ovsynch protocols were used in group 1 (G1, n=20), and no protocol was used in group 2 (G2, n=20). Endometrial samples were collected before and after the synchronization protocols in G1. In G2, samples were collected, and after waiting time up to the duration of synchronization protocol in G1, samples were taken again. The expression profiles of the genes being investigated were examined using RT-qPCR. NLRC4, NALP3 and TLR4 were basically expressed in all of the samples while NOD2 expression was completely undetectable. There was a statistical difference when NOD1 and TLR2 expressions in the second samples were compared between G1 and G2 (P<0.05). It was concluded that presynch-10 and ovsynch administration in cows may have a positively effect on the innate immune response and so be effective in the treatment of SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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14. The Effect of Milkman on Productivity and Revenue in Dairy Herds.
- Author
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AKÇAY, Aytaç, SARIÖZKAN, Savaş, KÜÇÜKOFLAZ, Mehmet, and GÜNGÖR, Güven
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MILK yield , *DAIRY farm management , *MILKING , *ANIMAL herds , *DAIRY processing , *MILKING machines , *DAIRY farms - Abstract
Nowadays, milking process in a dairy farm is carried out with the "animal, human and machine" trio closely related to each other. Expected success in milking process is ensured by the animal's accustomedness to the milking machine, the skill and experience of the milkman, and the functional conformity of the milking machine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of milkman on milk productivity and revenue. As study material, average milk yields obtained from 387 milking of 35 Holstein cows raised in the farm was used. The cows were milked by 6 different milkmen. Linear Mixed Models were used to determine the effect of different milkman and milkman experience on the average milk yields. In addition, the difference in milk yields due to milkman was analyzed in terms of economy. In the study, it was determined that the individual milkman and milkman experience were significant for the average milk yields. Thus, a difference of 2.3 kg was determined between 1st milkman (the highest average milk yield; 22.6±0.46 kg), and 5th milkman (the lowest average milk yield; 20.3±0.76 kg), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.011). This difference in the average milk yield was reflected in 80 liters of additional milk yield per day and 184 ᵵ (31.9 $) additional revenue increase achieved in the farm where 35 cows were milked. This difference in income corresponds to the cost of an insured worker. Milkman experience has been split in three categories, the difference between the average milk yield obtained by the least experienced milkman and the average milk yield of the most experienced milkman was found to be statistically significant (P=0.04). This case shows that the experienced milkman income about 156 ᵵ (27.03 $) more per day. In conclusion, it was determined that the milkman factor was important for the profitability of the farm in dairy cow. The experienced milkman may earn his own salary with the income increase provided for the farm, and, therefore, economically does not cost extra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Holstein ırkı ineklerde target breeding ve presynch-ovsynch senkronizasyon yöntemlerinin postpartum ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma oranı üzerine etkisi.
- Author
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Alkan, Kübra Karakaş and Alkan, Hasan
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GENITALIA ,CATTLE breeding ,ESTRUS ,COWS ,PREGNANCY ,BREEDING - Abstract
Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The Effect of Intrauterine Infusion of Carvacrol After Insemination on Conception Rate in Repeat Breeder Cows Subjected to Progesteron Based Estrus Synchronization Protocol.
- Author
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LEHİMCİOĞLU, Necdet Cankat, ÖZTÜRKLER, Yavuz, YILDIZ, Savaş, and ARI, Umut Çağın
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ESTRUS synchronization , *CARVACROL , *COWS , *FEMALE reproductive organs , *DIGITAL rectal examination , *GENITALIA , *ESTRUS , *ARTIFICIAL insemination - Abstract
Repeat breeder (RB) is one of the crucial causes of economic loss in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of intrauterine carvacrol administration after timed artificial insemination (TAI) on the conception rate (CR) in RB cows. The study involved 155 RB cows returned to service for more than three times and without any significant pathologic defects in genital tract. All cows were subjected to following estrus synchronization method: An intra-vaginal apparatus (IVA) containing 1.55 g progesteron were inserted for 9 days and administered one dose of PGF2a one day before removing IVA, then injected one dose of GnRH 6 h before TAI. All the cows were inseminated in 56th h after removing IVA. All RB cows were randomly divided to three groups. Group I (GI; n=52) and Group II (GII; n=51), treatments groups were infused with 0.1% diluted Carvacrol and 0.1% Lugol's (GII) solution. Group III (GIII; n=51) the control group, was received normal saline only. All infusions were administered one dose of 30-50 mL (according to uterine size) into uterus half hour after insemination. In the observations performed in 21 to 30 days after insemination, non-return rates (NRR) were 71.15%, 69.23% and 68.62% in groups of GI, GII and GIII, respectively. CR detected by rectal palpation at 60 days following artificial insemination were 67.30%, 63.46% and 46.15% in GI, GII and GIII, respectively. However, the differences between groups were not statistically significant. As a result: In the treatment of RB cows, it may be suggested that carvacrol infusion to the uterus may be preferred as it has improved pregnancy rates to some extent. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Postpartum rutin intrauterin tedavilerin ineklerde fertilite üzerine etkileri.
- Author
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Çetin, Yunus, Güngör, Örsan, Taşal, İbrahim, Sipahi, Cevat, Şendağ, Sait, Yıldız, Mehmet, and Wehrend, Axel
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL insemination ,PUERPERIUM ,VAGINAL discharge ,ACID solutions ,COWS ,PREGNANCY in animals ,INDUCED labor (Obstetrics) - Abstract
Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Histopathological and microbiological evaluation of uterus in repeat breeder cows shipped to slaughterhouse.
- Author
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Çakıcı, Yunus and Aköz, Mehmet
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UTERUS ,COWS ,SLAUGHTERING ,PENICILLIN G ,ENDOMETRITIS - Abstract
Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in raw milk of cow and Anatolian water buffalo
- Author
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Duman, Berna Aydın, Çelik, Ahmet, Güran, Hüsnü Şahan, Dicle Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Besin/Gıda Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi Bölümü, Besin/Gıda Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı, Duman, Berna Aydın, Çelik, Ahmet, and Güran, Hüsnü Şahan
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İnek ,Cow ,Aflatoxin M1 ,Aflatoksin M1 ,Raw milk ,ELISA ,Anatolian water buffalo ,Çiğ süt ,Anadolu mandası - Abstract
Bu araştırma Diyarbakır ilinde toplanan çiğ inek ve Anadolu manda sütlerinde aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) seviyesini ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Bu amaçla Diyarbakır ilinde bulunan küçük ölçekli aile işletmelerinden 42 adet çiğ inek sütü ve 42 adet çiğ Anadolu manda sütü olmak üzere toplam 84 süt örneği materyal olarak kullanıldı. Süt örneklerinde AFM1 seviyesi Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) yöntemi ile belirlendi. Analiz edilen çiğ inek sütü örneklerinde AFM1 miktarının 36 (%85.7)’sında 5 ile 100 ng/L arasında ortalama 24.80±15.89 ng/L, 4 (%9.5) tanesinde ise 100 ng/L’den yüksek olduğu saptandı. AFM1 miktarı manda sütlerinin 16 (%38.1)’sında 5 ile 50 ng/L arasında ve ortalama 10.22±4.25 ng/L olarak bulunurken, örneklerin tamamının (%100) 50 ng/L seviyesinin altında olduğu belirlendi. İnek sütlerindeki ortalama AFM1 miktarının manda sütlerinden daha fazla olduğu ve bu farklılığın istatiksel açıdan önemli olduğu belirlendi (P
- Published
- 2023
20. Laktasyondaki akut mastitisli ineklerde sefapirin-tripsin-kemotripsin kombinasyonuyla meme içi tedavinin klinik etkinliği
- Author
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Önder Aytekin and İbrahim Taşal
- Subjects
Sefapirin ,inek ,mastitis ,proteolitik ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, saha şartlarında, laktasyondaki akut mastitisli ineklere 12 saat arayla 3 doz meme içi uygulanan Sefapirin-Tripsin-Kemotripsin kombinasyonunun tedavideki klinik etkinliği araştırıldı. Çalışmada, farklı ırklarda 86 adet akut mastitisli ineklere ait 193 meme lobu Sefapirin-Tripsin-Kemotripsin kombinasyonuyla meme içi olarak tedavi edildi. Akut mastitis teşhisi klinik bulgular ve CMT testi uygulanarak konuldu. Mikrobiyolojik olarak, akut mastitisli meme loblarından tedavi öncesi aseptik olarak alınan süt örneklerinden Staph. auerus, E. coli, Corynebacterium spp. ve saprofitler izole edildi. İkinci uygulamadan sonra belirgin bir klinik iyileşmenin oluştuğu ve süt kıvamının normale döndüğü gözlendi. Üçüncü uygulamadan 24 saat sonra loblarda klinik iyileşme oranı %98,5 olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, laktasyondaki ineklerdeki akut mastitis tedavisinde Sefapirin-Tripsin-Kemotripsin kombinasyonunun uygun bir seçenek olabileceği kanaatine varıldı.
- Published
- 2015
21. Serum Haptoglobin Levels in Complicated Pregnancies in Cows
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ERCAN, Nazlı, MERAL, Öğünç, and YOKUŞ, Beran
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Veterinary ,Komplikasyonlu gebelik ,inek ,haptoglobin ,Complicated pregnancy ,cow ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Hardware and Architecture ,Veteriner Hekimlik ,Software - Abstract
This study was carried out to determine serum haptoglobin levels of pregnant cows with complications during pregnancy. A total of 28 animals were included in the study, 14 cows with healthy birth and 14 cows with complicated pregnancies, whose birth processes were followed in the same farm. Blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis into yellow capped biochemistry tubes at the 6th month of their pregnancy. Serum albumin, globulin and total protein measurements were made with an autoanalyzer. Determination of haptoglobin levels was measured in an ELISA device using a commercial test kit. Serum haptoglobin levels were found as 226.64±24.09 µg/ml in pregnant cows with complications and 46.71±2.98 µg/ml in healthy pregnant cows. Total protein 8.52±0.28-7.58±0.12 g/dL, respectively; albumin 3.31±0.08-3.34±0.04 g/dL; globulin 5.21±0.24-4.25±0.15 g/dL; alb/glb 0.65±0.03-0.80±0.04 was found to be in complicated and healthy pregnant. Serum haptoglobin, total protein, globulin and alb/glb values were statistically significant in the complicated pregnancy group compared to the control group (p, Bu çalışma komplikasyonlu gebe ineklerin gebelik dönemlerinde serum haptoglobin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya aynı işletmeye ait doğum süreçleri takip edilen, sağlıklı doğum gerçekleştiren 14 inek ve komplikasyonlu gebeliğe sahip olan 14 inek olmak üzere toplam 28 hayvan dahil edilmiştir. Kan örnekleri gebeliklerinin 6. ayında vena jugularisten sarı kapaklı biyokimya tüplerine alınmıştır. Serum albümin, globulin ve total protein ölçümleri otoanalizör cihazı ile yapılmıştır. Haptoglobin seviyelerinin belirlenmesinde ticari test kiti kullanarak ELISA cihazında ölçülmüştür. Serum haptoglobin seviyeleri komplikasyonlu gebelerde 226.64±24.09 µg/ml; sağlıklı gebelerde ise 46.71±2.98 µg/ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Komplikasyonlu ve sağlıklı gebelerde sırasıyla total protein 8,52±0,28-7,58±0,12 g/dL; albümin 3,31±0,08-3,34±0,04 g/dL; globulin 5,21±0,24-4,25±0,15 g/dL; alb/glb 0,65±0,03-0,80±0,04 olarak bulunmuştur. Serum haptoglobin, total protein, globulin ve alb/glb değerleri kontrol grubuna göre komplikasyonlu gebelik grubunda istatiksel olarak anlamlı görülmüştür (p
- Published
- 2022
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22. Effect of lactation number on some biochemical parameters in postpartum dairy cows
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Taha Burak Elifoglu, Serdal Kurt, and Başka Kurum
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Biochemical parameters ,milk yield ,Biyokimyasal parametre ,dairy cow ,süt verimi ,lactation number ,inek ,laktasyon sayısı - Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lactation number, milk yield, and some blood biochemical parameters in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The material ofthe study consists of dairy cows (n=60), and three different groups were formed according to the lactation numbers of the cows. Non-lactating heifers were assigned to Group 1 (n=10), 1st and 2nd lactation cowswereassignedtoGroup2(n=24),and3rdand4thlactationcowswereassigned to Group 3 (n=26). The blood total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels of the cows in the groups were measured. In addition, the milk yields of the groups were compared, and the relationship between these values and milk yield was investigated. Results: Total protein level was higher in the G3, G2 and G1 groups, respectively (p, Amaç: Sunulan çalışmanın amacı, süt ineklerinde laktasyon sayısı, süt verimi ve bazı biyokimyasal parametreler arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın materyalini süt inekleri (n=60) oluşturdu ve inekler laktasyon sayılarına göre üç farklı gruba ayrıldı. Laktasyonda olmayanlar (düveler) Grup 1'e (n=10), 1. ve 2. laktasyondaki inekler Grup 2'ye (n=24), 3. ve 4. laktasyondaki inekler Grup 3'e (n=26) kaydedildi. Gruplardaki ineklerin kan total protein, albümin, kan üre nitrojen (BUN) kalsiyum, fosfor, magnezyum, glukoz, kolesterol, aspartat transaminaz (AST) ve gama-glutamil transpeptidaz (GGT) düzeyleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca grupların süt verimleri kıyaslanarak bu değerler ile süt verimi arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Bulgular: Toplam protein seviyesi sırasıyla G3, G2 ve G1 gruplarında daha yüksekti (p
- Published
- 2022
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23. Brucella melitensis Isolated from Aborted Cow and Sheep Fetuses in Northwest of China.
- Author
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Huan ZHANG, Shengnan SONG, Benben WANG, Yali JIANG, Wenxing WU, Fei GUO, Yang LIU, Qian WANG, Junbo ZHANG, Hui ZHANG, Jinliang SHENG, Yuanzhi WANG, and Chuangfu CHEN
- Subjects
- *
BRUCELLA melitensis , *ABORTION , *SHEEP , *BACTERIOLOGY , *PUBLIC health , *CATTLE - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the causes of abortion in cows that were mixed fed with sheep and/or goats, and the presence of B. melitensis infection in cows. PCR of 34 (28%) specimens out of 120 samples were identified as B. melitensis. The traditional bacteriological tests identified all of the isolates from sheep/cow aborted fetuses and milk as B. melitensis biovar 3. This is the first study to demonstrate B. melitensis as the main etiological agent for cows mixed fed with sheep and/or goats in XUAR, northwest of China. This may cause severe infection in the local population, and pose a potential public health risk, especially when eating or drinking the products of contaminated milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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24. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Profiles in Staphylococci Isolated from Cattle with Mastitis
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Mehmet Onur Gökdağ, Alper Çiftci, OMÜ, Veteriner Fakültesi, Klinik Öncesi Bilimler Bölümü, Gökdağ, Mehmet Onur, and Çiftci, Alper
- Subjects
RAPD-PCR ,Fen ,Science ,bovine ,Staphylococcus ,Virulence ,coa ,General Medicine ,Biology ,mastitis ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Antibiyotik direnci,coa,inek,mastitis,RAPD-PCR,spa,Staphylococcus ,Microbiology ,RAPD ,Mastitis ,Antibiotic resistance ,vancomycin resistance ,Antibiotic resistance,bovine,coa,mastitis,RAPD-PCR,spa,Staphylococcus ,inek ,medicine ,Gene ,spa ,vankomisin direnci - Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. are the important bacterial agents of subclinical and clinical mastitis cases. This study was aimed to determine the vancomycin resistances, antibacterial resistance profiles, some virulence genes, and pheno- and genotyping of staphylococci from mastitis. For this aim, 121 staphylococcal isolates were analyzed. The identifications of isolates were confirmed with PCR for being Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Kirby bauer Disc Diffusion Tests and according to the resistance profiles, the isolates were antibiotyped. The vancomycin resistance genes were determined by PCR for investigating the vanA, vanH, vanR, vanS, vanZ, vanY and vanX genes. The vancomycin resistant isolates were genotyped with RAPD-PCR. The nuc gene was detected in 86 of 121 staphylococcal isolates examined and named as Staphylococcus aureus. The remaining 35 isolates were defined as Staphylococcus spp. S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oxacillin, tetracycline, cefaperazone, teicoplanin, vancomycin and trimethoprim-sulfomethaxazole at 50% (43/86), 40.7% (35/86), 34.9% (30/86), 23.3% (20/86), 22.1% (19/86), 18.6% (16/86) 10.5% (9/86) and 8.1% (7/86) respectively. On the other hand, 4 (11.4%) of 35 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were resistant to penicillin G, 3 (8.6%) to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 2 (5.7%) to trimethoprim-sulfometaxazole, 1 (2.9%) to oxacillin, cefaperazone, teicoplanin, while all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and tetracycline. Of the 9 S. aureus isolates that were phenotypically resistant to vancomycin, vanA gene was detected in 2 and vanR gene in 3 isolates. Multiple resistances to three or more antibiotics were determined in 42 of 86 S. aureus isolates. In addition, coa gene was detected in 61 (70.9%) of 86 S. aureus isolates. 10 different gene polymorphisms were detected in coa gene positive isolates. While the spa gene was determined in all S. aureus isolates, it was revealed that they had 4 spa gene polymorphisms. Nine different genotypes with a similarity between 51-75% were detected in the genotyping of vancomycin resistant 9 isolates. In conclusion, multiple antibiotic resistance rates in S. aureus isolates investigated were found to be important for mastitis treatment. The results obtained from this study show that milk and dairy products containing these factors pose a public health risk due to the determination of vancomycin resistance in mastitis-derived Staphylococcus strains., Staphylococcus spp. subklinik ve klinik mastitis olgularının önemli bakteriyel etkenleridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mastitis kaynaklı stafilokokların vankomisin dirençlerini, antibakteriyel direnç profillerini, bazı virülans genlerini ve feno- ve genotiplendirmesini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla 121 stafilokok izolatının analizi yapılmıştır. İzolatların Staphylococcus spp. ve Staphylococcus aureus olmak üzere identifikasyonları PCR ile ve antibiyotik direnç paternleri de Kirby Bauer Disk Difüzyon Testleri ile belirlendi. İzolatlar direnç profillerine göre antibiyotiplendirildi. VanA, vanH, vanR, vanS, vanZ, vanY ve vanX genlerinin PCR ile araştırılması sonucunda vankomisin direnç genleri belirlendi. Vankomisine dirençli izolatlar, RAPD-PCR ile genotiplendirildi. İncelenen 121 stafilokok izolatının 86'sında nuc geni saptandı ve Staphylococcus aureus olarak identifiye edildi. S. aureus izolatlarının penisilin G, amoksisilin/klavulanik asit, okzasilin, tetrasiklin, sefaperazon, teikoplanin, vankomisin ve trimetoprim-sulfometaksazole sırasıyla %50 (43/86), %40.7 (35/86), %34,9 (30/86), %23,3 (20/86), %22.1 (19/86), %18,6 (16/86) %10,5 (9/86) ve %8,1 (7/86) oranında dirençli bulundu. 35 adet Staphylococcus spp.'nin 4'ü (%11,4) penisilin G'ye, 3'ü (%8,6) amoksisilin/klavulanik aside, 2'si (%5,7) trimetoprim-sülfometaksazole, 1'i (%2,9) oksasilin, sefaperazon, teikoplanine direnç gösterirken, tüm izolatlar vankomisin ve tetrasikline duyarlıydı. Vankomisine fenotipik olarak dirençli olan 9 S. aureus izolatından 2'sinde vanA, 3'ünde vanR geni saptandı. 86 S. aureus izolatının 42'sinde üç veya daha fazla antibiyotiğe karşı çoklu direnç belirlendi. Ayrıca 86 S. aureus izolatının 61'inde (%70.9) coa geni tespit edildi. coa geni pozitif izolatlarda 10 farklı gen polimorfizmi tespit edildi. Tüm S. aureus izolatlarında spa geni belirlenirken, 4 spa gen polimorfizmi görüldü. Vankomisine dirençli 9 izolatın genotiplendirilmesinde %51-75 arasında benzerlik gösteren dokuz farklı genotip tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, araştırılan S. aureus izolatlarında çoklu antibiyotik direnç oranları mastitis tedavisi için önemli bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, bu faktörleri içeren süt ve süt ürünlerinin mastitis kaynaklı Staphylococcus suşlarında vankomisin direncinin belirlenmesi nedeniyle halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturduğunu göstermektedir.
- Published
- 2021
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25. İneklerde Ovaryum Kistlerinin Tanısı, Tedavisi ve Korunma Yöntemleri
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KARSAVURANOĞLU, Gulseda, SARIBAY, Mustafa Kemal, GÖZER, Ahmet, and BAHAN, Onur
- Subjects
Veterinary ,İnek ,ovaryum kist ,tanı ,tedavi ,korunma ,Veteriner Hekimlik - Abstract
Süt ineği işletmelerinde fertilite açısından temel hedef, doğumdan sonra en uygun zamanda tohumlama yapılarak yılda bir buzağı alınmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda postpartum dönemde ineklerin genital organ muayenelerinin rutin kontrolleri en kısa zamanda yapılarak herhangi bir anormallik olup olmadığı tespit edilmelidir. Aksi takdirde infertilite problemlerinin zamanında tespit edilememesine bağlı olarak oluşan büyük ekonomik kayıplar işletmelerin sürdürülebilirliğini tehlikeye sokmaktadır. Ovaryum kistleri ineklerde postpartum dönemde yaygın olarak görülen, hem doğum-gebe kalma süresinin uzamasına hem de tedavi ve hekim masraflarının artmasına bağlı olarak önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açabilen infertilite nedenlerindendir. Bu derlemede, ineklerde ovaryum kistlerinin etiyoloji, patogenez, tanı, tedavi ve korunma yöntemleri ile ilgili güncel bilgilere yer verilmeye çalışılmıştır.
- Published
- 2022
26. Sağ Abomazum Deplasmanı ve Travmatik Retiküloperitonitisli Bir İnekte Klinik ve Ultrasonografik Muayene Bulguları
- Author
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BAYDAR, Ersoy and DURMUŞ, Ali Said
- Subjects
Clinically examination ,Cow ,Right Abomasal Displacement ,Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis ,Ultrasonographic Examination ,Health Care Sciences and Services ,Klinik muayene ,İnek ,Sağ Abomazum Deplasmanı ,Travmatik Retiküloperitonitis ,Ultrason muayenesi ,Sağlık Bilimleri ve Hizmetleri - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, sağ abomazum deplasmanlı ve travmatik retiküloperitonitisli beş yaşlı süt sığırında klinik, ultrasonografik ve laparotomi muayene sonuçları sunulmaktadır. Yakın zamanda doğum yapmış beş yaşındaki Holstein inek, depresyon, iştahsızlık, kabızlık, sırtta kamburluk ve şişkinlik anamnezi ile veteriner eğitim hastanesine getirildi. Anamnez, klinik ve ultrasonografik muayene sonuçlarına dayanarak, TRP ve RDA'nın geçici teşhisi yapıldı ve inek ameliyata alındı. Klinik muayeneyi takiben, ultrasonografik incelemede, retikulum ile rumenin ön dorsal kör kesesi arasında hiperekojenik fibrin birikintileri ve anekojenik sıvı keseleri tespit edildi. Deplase olmuş abomazumun hipoekojenik olduğu, ventralde sıvı ve daha dorsalde gaz kesesine sahip olduğu belirlendi. Retikulumun batmış ve serbest yabancı cisimleri çıkarıldı ve abomazopeksi operasyonu yapıldı. Operasyondan sonraki gün ineğin iştahının açıldığı ve sonraki günlerde durumunun giderek normalleştiği bilgisi alındı. Ultrasonografinin klinik muayene ile birlikte eşzamanlı gözlenen sağ abomazum deplasmanı ve travmatik retiküloperitonitisi değerlendirmede yararlı bir yardımcı araç olduğu sonucuna varıldı., In this study, the results of clinical, ultrasonographic, and laparotomy examinations of a five-year-old dairy cow with right abomasal displacement and traumatic reticuloperitonitis are presented. A five-year-old Holstein cow who had recently given birth was brought to the veterinary teaching hospital with a history of depression, anorexia, constipation, arched backs, and bloat. A possible diagnosis of TRP and RDA was made based on the history and the findings of the clinical and ultrasonographic finding, and the cow was sent for surgery. An ultrasonographic examination revealed hyperechogenic fibrin deposits and anechogenic fluid pockets between the reticulum and the anterior dorsal blind sac of the rumen. It was discovered that the displaced abomasum is hypoechogenic, has fluid ingesta ventrally, and has a gas cap more dorsally. The reticulum's submerged and free foreign bodies were removed, and an abomasopexy procedure was performed. The day after the operation, the cow was able to eat and she gradually got better over the next few days. It was concluded that ultrasonography along with a clinical examination, is a useful adjunct tool for assessing the concurrent observed abomasal displacement and traumatic reticuloperitonitis.
- Published
- 2022
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27. Somatic Cell Count, Importance and Effect Factors in Dairy Cattle
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İbrahim Aytekin and Saim Boztepe
- Subjects
İnek ,Süt ,Somatik hücre sayısı ,Subklinik mastitis ,Süt kalitesi ,Ekonomik kayıp ,Sürü sağlığı ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used as a measure of udder health and milk quality. Thus, to determine the milk quality standards in many countries, it legally determined as an indicator of somatic cell count raw milk and determines the level of payments to milk producers. The present study investigated that the somatic cell count is an indicator of udder health status, diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, health and quality of milk and milk products, its importance and effect factors on it.
- Published
- 2014
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- View/download PDF
28. İneklerde gebe kalma ile tohumlama zamanı süt somatik hücre sayısı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi
- Author
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Baştürk, Ahmet, Çelik, Hacı Ahmet, and Baştürk, Ahmet
- Subjects
İnek ,Suni Tohumlama ,Ovulasyon ,Somatik Hücre Sayısı ,Follikül Çapı ,Gebelik - Abstract
Bu çalışma, ineklerde gebe kalma ile suni tohumlama zamanı süt somatik hücre sayısı arasındaki ilişki belirlenmiştir. Meme bezinin sağlık durumu, follikül çapı, SHS, ve gebelik muayenesini kapsayan çalışma ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın materyalini Afyonkarahisar ili Bolvadin ilçesi ve çevre köylerindeki işletmelerden 50 baş inek oluşturdu. Çalışmada 50 baş östrüs göstermekte olan inekler kullanıldı. İneklerin kızgınlık zamanında sütlerinden CMT yapıldı, SHS sayımı için 10 ml süt alınarak numuneler Afyonkarahisar İl Gıda Konrol Laboratuvarına gönderildi. Suni tohumlama öncesi folikül çapı ölçüldü. Suni tohumlama yapılan ineklerde 24 saat sonra ovulasyon kontrol edildi. İneklerde tohumlamadan 28-30 gün sonra gebelik kontrolü gerçekleştirildi. Mastitis pozitif bulunanların süt örneklerinde SHS Mastitis negatif olanlardan önemli derecede yüksek bulundu (p
- Published
- 2022
29. İneklerde periparturient dönem sorunları ve negatif enerji dengesinin meme sağlığına etkisi
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Tunç, Ece, Baki Acar, Duygu, and Tunç, Ece
- Subjects
İnek ,Negatif Enerji Dengesi ,Somatik Hücre Sayısı ,Mastitis ,Periparturient Dönem - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, süt ineklerinde periparturient dönemde şekillenen sorunların ve negatif enerji dengesinin (NED) gönüllü bekleme süresinin sonunda meme sağlığı üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmanın hayvan materyalini 44 adet Holştayn ve 59 adet Simental ırkı inekler oluşturdu. Periparturient dönemde güç doğum, retensiyo sekundinarum, prolapsus uteri, metritis, ketozis, hipokalsemi, laminitis geçmişi olan hayvanlar Grup-I (n=48) olarak, periparturient dönemde herhangi bir hastalık geçmişi olmayan sağlıklı hayvanlar Grup-II (n=55) olarak belirlendi. Postpartum dönem ≤42. ve 43-80. günler arasında kan ve süt örnekleri alındı. Kan örneklerinde beta hidroksi bütirik asit (BHBA), esterleşmemiş yağ asitleri (NEFA) analizleri ile NED belirlendi. Süt örneklerinde ise somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) ve mikrobiyolojik üreme analizi ile meme sağlığı değerlendirildi. Çalışmadaki toplam 103 adet inekten 32 tanesinde (%30,8) mastitis gözlendi. Çalışmada, Grup-I’de bulunan 48 hayvandan 11 tanesinin (%22,9), Grup-II’de 55 adet hayvanın 21 tanesinin (%38,1) mastitis yönünden pozitif olduğu tespit edildi. Mastitis yönünden pozitif olan 33 hayvanın sadece 14’ünde mikrobiyolojik üreme gözlendi. Periparturient dönemde patoloji yaşamış 48 adet hayvanda meme sağlığının durumu değerlendirildiğinde, meme sağlığının olumsuz yönde etkilendiğine dair anlamlı bir fark belirlenmedi. Sonuç olarak, değerlendirilmeye alınan metabolik ve reprodüktif hastalıklara sahip ineklerde sağlıklı ineklere göre meme sağlığına olumsuz etki oluşturma bakımından önemli bir fark görülmemiştir (p>0,05). Ancak bu reprodüktif ve metabolik hastalıklara sahip örneklem sayısı artırılarak veya her bir hastalığa spesifik olarak planlanacak daha geniş kapsamlı meme sağlığı değerlendirme çalışmalarının verimli olabileceği kanaatine varıldı. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of periparturient period problems and negative energy balance periparturient period in dairy cows on udder health at the end of the voluntary waiting period in dairy cows. The animal material of the study consisted of 44 Holstein and 59 Simmental cows. In the periparturient period, animals that experienced dystocia, retention of the placenta, uterine prolapse, metritis, ketosis, hypocalcemia, lameness were determined as the Group-I (n=48), and healthy animals without any problems were determined as the Group-II (n=55). Blood and milk samples were collected on ≤42 and 43-80 days in milk. Negative energy balance was determined by β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) analyzes in blood samples. In milk samples, udder health was evaluated by somatic cell count (SCC) and microbiological analysis. Mastitis was observed in 32 (30,8%) of 103 cows in the study. In the study, eleven (22,9%) of 48 animals in the Group-I, and 21 (38,1%) of 55 animals in the Group-II were detected as mastitis. Microbiological analysis results were positive in only 14 of 33 animals with mastitis. When the udder health status of 48 animals with pathology in the periparturient period was evaluated, no significant difference was found in which udder health was negatively affected. As a result, there was no significant difference in terms of adverse effects on udder health in cows with metabolic and reproductive diseases compared to healthy cows (p>0.05). However, it was concluded that more comprehensive udder health evaluation studies, which would be planned specifically for each disease or by increasing the number of samples with these reproductive and metabolic diseases, would be productive. Bu tez çalışması; Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (BAPK) Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No: “20.SAĞ.BİL.17”
- Published
- 2022
30. Farklı hayvan türlerine ait rumen sıvılarına kitosan ilavesinin bazı kaba yemlerin in vitro sindirilebilirliklerine etkisinin belirlenmesi
- Author
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Karagöz, Derya Merve, Bayram, İsmail, Oğuz, Mustafa Numan, and Karagöz, Derya Merve
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İnek ,Keçi ,Koyun ,Manda ,Kitosan ,Sindirilebilirlik ,İn Vitro - Abstract
Bu araştırma, inek, manda, koyun ve keçi rumen sıvılarına kitosan çözeltisi ilavesi ile bu hayvanların rasyonlarında sık kullanılan kaba yemlerden olan yonca kuru otu, yonca silajı, mısır silajı ve çayır kuru otunun in vitro sindirilebilirlikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan rumen sıvıları mezbahanede kesim esnasında inek (Holstein) (> 2 yaşında), manda (Murrah x Anadolu) (> 2 yaşında), koyun (> 5 aylık) ve keçiden (> 5 aylık) elde edilmiştir. İnkübasyonda kullanılan dört farklı kaba yemde kuru madde (KM) analizi yapıldıktan sonra ham protein (HP), ham selüloz (HS), ham yağ (HY), ham kül (HK), asit deterjan lif (ADF), asit deterjan lignin (ADL), nötr deterjan lif (NDF) analizleri yapılmıştır. Daha sonra nispi yem değerleri (NYD) hesaplanmıştır. Yemlerin in vitro sindirilebilirlikleri Daisy inkübatör cihazında 48 saatlik inkübasyonun ardından NDF analizi yapılarak belirlenmiştir. Analizden hemen önce kitosanlı grupların buffer solüsyonuna %2,5 ‘luk 16 ml kitosan ilave edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonunda yıkanıp kurutulan keseler tartılarak in vitro gerçek sindirilebilirlik (IVGS), in vitro kuru madde sindirilebilirliği (IVGSKM) hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. İn vitro sindirilebilirlik analizi sonunda keselerin içerisinde sindirilmiş yem kalıntılarının ham protein ve ham selüloz analizleri yapılarak ham selüloz sindirilebilirlik (HSS) ve ham protein sindirilebilirlik (HPS) hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Farklı hayvan türlerine ait rumen sıvılarına kitosan ilave edilmesi yonca kuru otu, yonca silajı, mısır silajı ve çayır kuru otunun IVGSKM, IVGS ve HPS azaltırken (p 2 years old), buffalo (Murrah x Anadolu) (> 2 years old), sheep (> 5 months old) and goat (> 5 months old) from the slaughterhouse. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were analyzed in the roughages. Relative feed values were calculated. İn vitro digestibility of feeds was determined by NDF analysis after 48 hours of incubation in Daisy incubator. The chitosan used in this study was prepared in 2.5% acetic acid solution. Before incubation, 16 ml of buffer solution was added to the groups with chitosan. At the end of the incubation, the washed and dried bags were weighed to calculate the in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVTDDM). At the end of the İn vitro digestibility assay, digested feed residues were analyzed for CP and, CF to ascertain the CF and CP digestibilities (CFD and CPD). Addition of chitosan to rumen fluids of different animal species decreased the IVTDDM, IVTD and, CPD of all the roughages (p alfalfa hay> meadow hay> corn silage. Bu tez çalışması; Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Proje Araştırmaları Koordinasyon Birimi (BAPK) Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No: “19.SAĞ.BİL.22”
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- 2022
31. The Effect on Serum Mineral Levels of Acute Septic Mastitis and Clinical Mastitis in Cows.
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KURU, Mushap, KARADEMİR, Başaran, ORAL, Hasan, and UZUN, Fatih
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BOVINE mastitis , *DAIRY farms , *MILK quality , *ENDOTOXINS , *EDEMA - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify serum Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe levels in cows with acute septic mastitis (ASM) and clinical mastitis (CM). The study consisted 80 cows between the ages of three and five in four groups (ASM, n=20; CM, n=20; Control-1 C1=20, healthy cows, together with ASM or CM cows; Control-2, C2=20, healthy cows, without ASM or CM cows). Serum Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe levels were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Mg levels were lower in the ASM group compared to C1 and C2 groups (P<0.05, and P<0.001 respectively). Zn levels in the ASM and CM animals were lower than those in control groups (P<0.01). Fe concentrations that of the ASM group were found to be statistically lower than in the other groups (P<0.001). The glutaraldehyde (GLA) test was positive in the ASM and CM groups but negative in the control groups. In conclusion, lower levels of Mg, Zn and Fe were found with acute septic mastitis. In clinical mastitis, on the other hand, only the Mg and Zn levels were low. Na, K, Ca and Cu values were not affected. It may also be beneficial to apply minerals such as Mg, Zn and Fe in mastitis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
32. Milk Production, Body Condition Score and Metabolic Parameters at the Peak of Lactation as Risk Factors for Chronic Lameness in Dairy Cows.
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RISTEVSKI, Mimi, TOHOLJ, Bojan, CINCOVIĆ, Marko, TROJAČANEC, Plamen, STARIČ, Jože, and SMOLEC, Ozren
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MILK yield , *LACTATION , *LAMENESS in cattle , *LOCOMOTION , *COWS - Abstract
The objective of this case-control study was to examine the milk production, body condition score and metabolic profiles at the peak of lactation as risk factors for chronic lameness present in cows during the first six months of lactation. A total of 100 Holstein-Friesian cows were enrolled in the study, out of which 30 were classified as lame (a locomotion score (LS) >3 according to 4 of 5 monthly measurements) and 70 exhibited no signs of clinical lameness (LS ≤3). The cows with milk production above 30.9 kg/day showed a higher risk for chronic lameness (OR=1.9, a 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2-4.5), and the risk peaked at a milk production of 39.1 kg/day (OR=4.8, CI=2.1-8.8). A suboptimal BCS <2.5 or >3 at the peak of lactation increased the probability of lameness in the exposed group of cows (OR=4.9, CI=2.2-8). The cows were exposed to higher risk factors for chronic lameness under the following circumstances: BHBA>0.8 mmol/L (OR=3.5, CI=1.2-9.9), LDH>1900 IU/L (OR=2.3, CI=1.4-5.9), and triglycerides>0.22 mmol/L (OR=2.2, CI=1.5-2.9). The interaction between two risk factors showed a higher OR for developing chronic lameness in comparison with a single-factor exposure: BCS × BHBA (OR=22, CI=1.2-1000), BCS×LDH (OR=33, CI=1.8-1400), milk production × BHBA (OR=18.24, CI=2.1-433) and milk production×LDH (OR=14.2, CI=1.5-327). Lameness cows exposed to risk factor showed un-significant lower concentration of urea, ALP and higher concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides probably due to energy and protein malnutrition. Glucose concentrations were similar in healthy and lameness cows. Same mean concentration of glucose was maintained with decrease of LDH activity in healthy cows, but with increase LDH in lame cows, probably due to high glycolysis. Metabolic adaptation in pick of lactation and its relation with lameness need further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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33. Influence of Niacin Supplementation on the Metabolic Parameters and Lipolysis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation.
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HRISTOVSKA, Talija, CINCOVIĆ, Marko, STOJANOVIĆ, Dragica, BELIĆ, Branislava, KOVAČEVIĆ, Zorana, and JEZDIMIROVIĆ, Milanka
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ISONICOTINIC acid , *NIACIN , *VITAMIN B complex , *LACTATION , *COW-calf system - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of niacin on the metabolic parameters and lipolysis inhibition in dairy cows during early lactation. A total of 30 clinically healthy, multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in late gestation were enrolled in the study (15 supplemented with niacin (120 g/d/ cow) and 15 in the negative control group). Blood samples were taken weekly for 3 weeks after calving. The research results show that cows that received niacin indicated lower NEFA concentrations in all three weeks of the experiment. The NEFA concentrations did not change from weeks 0 to 2 after calving in the niacin group, whereas the NEFA concentrations in the control group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The administration of niacin exerted significant effects on the metabolic adaptations in cows during early lactation. Niacin significantly decreased BHB, MDA, total bilirubin, urea and phosphorus concentrations and liver enzyme activity (AST, ALP and GGT) and increased albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations. The administration of niacin significantly affected the correlation and regression between NEFA concentrations and other metabolic parameters, rendering the glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubin, AST, albumin, urea and phosphorus values less regressed against the NEFA values. In conclusion, niacin administration decreases lipolysis and metabolic adaptations proved to be less dependent on NEFA concentrations in niacin group compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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34. Bir Süt İneğinde Puerperal Hemoglobinüri Olgusu ve Tedavisi.
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TÜMER, Kenan Çağrı and ÖZDEMİR, Haydar
- Abstract
Puerperal hemoglobinuria is a sporadic metabolic disease characterized by acute intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and anemia that occurs especially in high milk yielding cows at around the sixth puerperal weeks. In this case report, clinical approach, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention was evaluated in a dairy cow that gave birth 15 days ago and was brought with complaint of blood in urine for four days. Hemoglobinuria, anemia, icterus and low serum phosphorus level (1.9 mg/dL) were determined in laboratory and clinical examination of case. Puerperal hemoglobinuria was diagnosed based on history and the results of clinical and laboratory examination. The cow was treated with monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) solution by dissolving 60gr NaH2PO4 in 300 mL distilled water. This solution was given intravenously at a dose of 300 mL on the first day of treatment. Following two days, this solution was repeated subcutaneously at the same dose. In conclusion, puerperal hemoglobinuria should be considered in differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemia in dairy cows especially during pospartum period and it was concluded that use of Na-H2PO4 is effective in treatment of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
35. Yetiştirici Şartlarında Sütçü İneklerde Embriyo Transferinin Uygulanabilirliğinin Araştırılması.
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DURSUN, Şükrü, BÜLBÜL, Bülent, KIRBAŞ, Mesut, KÖSE, Mehmet, KARAŞAHİN, Tahir, SATILMIŞ, Muharrem, AKBULUT, Neffel Kürşat, and TEKE, Bumin Emre
- Abstract
The applicability of embryo transfer not routinely performed in dairy cows in Turkey was investigated in field conditions in this study. The study was performed on five dairy farms in four districts of Konya. In the study, thirty Holstein cows were used as embryo donors, and all donors were treated with the same superovulation protocol. A progesterone-releasing device was placed inside the vagina to of the donor cows on random day of the estrous cycle (day 0). FSH treatment was started on day 7 after insertion of progesterone device. A total dose of 400 mg of NIH-FSH -P1 were was administered with a decreasing dosage regimen for four days 12 hours apart. On day 9, PGF2a was injected at in the morning (at on the time of the 5th FSH injection) and progesterone device was removed 12 h later. Donors showing estrus were inseminated twice every with other 12 hours apart. Recipient cows (n=45) and heifers (n=49) were synchronized with a double dose PGF2a (on the -3 and the 8th days) protocol. Embryos recovered non-surgically on day 7 after first insemination. After microscopic evaluation, transferable available embryos were transferred to suitable recipients. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography on day 35 after embryo transfer. Embryo recovery was done on 23 of 30 donor cows, and 158 CL on ovaries of these donors were detected. In all flushings, 85 embryos were recovered and 24 of them were transferred to recipients. On Thirty five days after embryo transfer, pregnancy rate was 62.5%. In conclusion; embryo transfer can be applied in enterprises in Konya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
36. Investigation on Diagnosis and Metabolic Profile of Ovarian Cysts in Dairy Cows.
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MIMOUNE, Nora, KAIDI, Rachid, AZZOUZ, Mohamed Yassine, ZENIA, Safia, BENAISSA, Mohamed Hocine, and ENGLAND, Gary
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OVARIAN cysts , *COW diseases , *METABOLIC profile tests , *ULTRASONIC imaging , *DISEASE incidence , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
A clinical study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic methods for ovarian cysts (OC), and to determine the metabolic profiles of animals with OC in the region of Mitidja in the North of Algeria. A total of 504 non-pregnant lactating cows were used in this study. Ultrasonography was performed by EXAGO scanner and was combined with assessment of serum P4. Biochemical serum parameters were assayed by spectrophotometry and insulin and cortisol serum measurement was performed by electrochemiluminescence. The results showed an overall incidence of 11.9% of OC. The incidence of OC was higher among cows in third lactation. Holstein breed was the most affected by OC compared with other breeds (P<0.001). There were no effects of average BCS (Body Condition Scoring) and milk production on the incidence of OC (P>0.05). OC were single in 91% of cases. They were found mainly on the right ovary (66.66%). Seasonality had a significant influence on incidence rate of OC with higher incidence rates during winter and spring (71.66%); while, 28.33% of OC were detected during the summer and autumn (P<0.05). OC were associated with low serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and urea as well as high levels of cortisol. Ultrasound examination and progesterone assays were proposed as the most effective diagnostic combination to diagnose OC. In conclusion, in addition to hormonal imbalances, metabolic disorders are involved in the formation and/or persistence of OC. Therefore, the use of metabolic indicators in understanding and exploration of OC is of great interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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37. Comparison of Ultrasonographic Images Retrieved using Two Different Probes (Mechanical Sector and Linear Ones) and Macroscopic Features of Bovine Reproductive Organs: Biometric Studies.
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PIOTROWSKA-TOMALA, Katarzyna Karolina, JONCZYK, Agnieszka Walentyna, BAH, Mamadou Moussa, WARMOWSKI, Przemyslaw, and SKARZYNSKI, Dariusz Jan
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ULTRASONIC imaging , *BIOMETRY , *GENITALIA physiology , *COW physiology , *COWS , *REPRODUCTION - Abstract
Objective of the study was to assess whether there are some differences in biometric measurements of the reproductive organs using mechanical sector or linear array ultrasound probe in comparison to the macroscopic measurements. The results revealed no significant differences between ultrasonographic (USG) images in comparison to macroscopic features. High correlations between post - mortem biometric measurements of examined structures and monitored via USG in conscious animals using both probes were found (P<0.001). In conclusion, both USG systems can be effectively used as clinical and research tools in the field of examination of bovine reproductive tract status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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38. Effect of Progestagen Application During Ovsynch Protocol on Pregnancy Rates of Lactating-grazing Cows.
- Author
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ARI, Umut Çağin, LEHİMCİOĞLU, Necdet Cankat, ÖZTÜRKLER, Yavuz, YILDIZ, Savaş, PANCARCI, Şükrü Metin, KAÇAR, Cihan, and GÜNGÖR, Örsan
- Subjects
- *
PROGESTATIONAL hormones , *COW diseases , *ESTRUS synchronization , *ESTRONE , *OVULATION - Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effect of progesterone supplementation to Ovsynch protocol in lactating and grazing cows on pregnancy rate after fixed time artificial insemination (TAI). Animals, from a total of 158 dairy cows, were randomly assigned to two groups. In Grup 1 (n = 75) Ovsynch protocol was carried out (Group OV), and in Grup 2 (n = 83) Ovsynch + PRID protocol was carried out (Group OV + PRID). Conception rates following timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) were determined as 33.3% for Grup OV and 53.0% for Group OV+PRID. Differences between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). When Body Condition Score (BCS) of cows considered, pregnancy rates of cows with 2.5 and upper BCS for Group OV and Group OV + PRID were determined as 36.8% and 59.2%, respectively. Differences between groups for BCS were statistically significant according to pregnancy rates (P<0.01). While premature heat rate was considered for TAI, 12.0 and 7.2 % were determined for Group OV and Group OV + PRID, respectively (P>0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that progesterone administration between first GnRH to PGF2α in Ovsynch protocol increases conception rates and numerically decreases premature heat rates, also BCS was a significant factor affecting conception rates in OV or OV + PRID protocols in cows. Moreover, usage of PRID with Ovsynch was more effective to increase conception rates in cows with optimum body condition (2.5-4 BCS) in Kars region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The relationship between the cow shearing order directed to the Israelites with the resolution of unknown murders: a comparative analysis of the Qurʾān and Torah
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Zeynel Abidin Aydin, BAİBÜ, İlahiyat Fakültesi, Temel İslam Bilimleri Bölümü, and Aydın, Zeynel Abidin
- Subjects
İsrailoğulları ,İnek ,Kur'an ,Cow ,Hz. Musa ,Torah ,Qurʾān ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Moses ,Israelites ,Tevrat ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Kur'ân-ı Kerîm’de İsrailoğulları’nın tarihiyle ilgili muhtelif hadiselere yer verilmektedir. Bakara sûresinin 67-74. âyetlerinde anlatılan inek kesme olayı ve faili meçhul cinayetin aydınlatılması konusu da bu hadiselerdendir. Bu iki olay müfessirler tarafından farklı şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. Hâkim kanaat, başlangıçta bu olayların birbirinden bağımsız geliştiği; önce Allah tarafından İsrailoğulları’na inek kesme emrinin verildiği, daha sonra ise bu ineğin fail-i meçhul cinayetin aydınlatmasında kullanıldığı yönündedir. Ancak böyle bir çıkarım Allah-insan iletişimi açısından sorunlu durmaktadır. Zira kutsal metinlere bakıldığında Allah’ın, insana emrettiklerinin ve yasakladıklarının sebeplerine de yer verdiği görülmektedir. Bu durumda İsrailoğulları’na yöneltilen inek kesme emrinin ardında başka sebeplerin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Araştırmamız, Kitab-ı Mukaddes ve tefsirlerdeki verilerden hareketle bu sebeplerin neler olabileceğine dair makul çıkarımlar yapmayı hedeflemektedir. The Qur'an refers to different events related to the history of the Israelites. The issue of cow cutting and the clarification of the unsolved murder described in the 67-74 verses of surah al-Baqara are among these events. These two events were interpreted in different ways by commentators. The prevailing opinion is that these events initially were developed independently of each other, that God first ordered to Israelites to cut the cow, and then this cow was used in the illumination of the unknown murder. However, such an inference is problematic in terms of God-human communication. Because when we look at the scriptures, it is seen that Allah also explains the reasons for what he commanded man. In this case, it is understood that there are other reasons behind the cow cutting order. Our research aims to make reasonable inferences about what these reasons might be.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. GEBE İNEKLERDE KAN ASPROSİN DÜZEYLERİNİN BİYOKİMYASAL PARAMETRELERLE İLİŞKİSİ
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KILINÇ, Mehmet Akif, RİŞVANLI, Ali, ŞAFAK, Tarık, YILMAZ, Öznur, YÜKSEL, Burak Fatih, and ŞEKER, İbrahim
- Subjects
Cow ,Asprosin ,Biochemical parameters ,Veterinary ,Veteriner Hekimlik ,İnek ,asprosin ,biyokimyasal parametreler - Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine asprosin levels in pregnant and non-pregnant cows and to determine the relationship between some biochemical parameters and asprosin levels. For this purpose, 60 Simmental cows were divided into two groups as pregnant (n=30) and non-pregnant cows on the postpartum 15th day (n=30), and asprosin levels and biochemical parameters were measured by taking blood from the cows once. Measured biochemical parameters Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Amylase, Creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), Creatine kinase N-acetyl cysteine (CK-NAC), Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ), Direct bilirubin, Total bilirubin , Calcium (Ca), Choline (CHO), Creatine, Glucose, Total protein, Urea, Albumin, Iron, Phosphorus, Lacktate dehydrogenase (LDH-P), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Triglyceride, Magnesium (Mg) and Unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC). Asprosin levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits and biochemical parameters were measured in an autoanalyzer. Asprosin levels and biochemical parameters were compared both for and between groups and the results were evaluated. As a result of the data obtained, the amount of direct bilirubin and total bilirubin in non-pregnant cows was found to be higher than that of pregnant cows, while the amounts of CHO, HDL-C, LDL and asprosin were found to be lower. When asprosin and biochemical parameters of pregnant cows were compared, a positive correlation was found between asprosin and albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin and creatinine levels. In non-pregnant cows, there was a negative correlation between asprosin and amylase and phosphorus, and a positive correlation between asprosin and creatine and glucose. As a result, it was concluded that asprosin levels are higher in pregnant cows and there may be negative or positive correlations between this hormone and biochemical parameters., Bu çalışmada, gebe ve gebe olmayan ineklerde asprosin düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi, bazı biyokimyasal parametreler ile asprosin düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 60 adet Simental ırkı inek, gebe olan (n=30) ve postpartum 15. günde (n=30) gebe olmayan inekler olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı ve ineklerden bir kez kan alınarak asprosin düzeyleri ve biyokimyasal parametreler ölçüldü. Ölçülen biyokimyasal parametreler Alkalen fosfataz (ALP), Amilaz, Kreatin kinaz miyokardial band (CK-MB), Kreatin kinaz N-asetil sistein (CK-NAC), Gama glutamil transferaz (GGT), Aspartat Aminotransferaz (AST), Alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), Direkt bilirubin, Total bilirubin , Kalsiyum (Ca), Kolin (CHO), Kreatin, Glikoz, Total protein, Üre, Albümin, Demir, Fosfor, Lacktat dehidrogenaz (LDH-P), High-density lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Trigliserit, Magnezyum (Mg) ve Unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC)’dir. Asprosin düzeyleri ticari ELİSA kitleri kullanılarak, biyokimyasal parametreler ise otoanalizörde ölçüldü. Asprosin düzeyleri ve biyokimyasal parametreler hem grup için hem de gruplar arası karşılaştırılarak sonuçlar değerlendirildi. Elde edilen veriler ışığında gebe olmayan ineklerin direkt biluribin ve total biluribin miktarı gebe ineklerden yüksek, CHO, HDL-C, LDL ve asprosin miktarları ise düşük bulundu. Gebe ineklerin asprosin ile biyokimyasal parametreleri karşılaştırıldığında ise asprosin ile albümin, direkt biluribin, total biluribin ve kreatin miktarları arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon bulundu. Gebe olmayan ineklerde ise asprosin ile amilaz ve fosfor arasında negatif korelasyon, asprosin ile kreatin ve glikoz arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, gebe ineklerde asprosin düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve bu hormonla biyokimyasal parametreler arasında negatif veya pozitif yönde korelasyonlar olabileceği kanaatine varıldı.
- Published
- 2022
41. Sola abomazum deplasmanı geçirmiş sütçü ineklerde fertilite parametrelerinin incelenmesi
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Efe, Mehmet and Yılmaz, Oktay
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İnek ,LDA ,Ovsynch ,Kedi ,Süt Verimi ,Double Ovsynch ,Gebelik ,Fertilite - Abstract
Sunulan çalışmada, Holştayn ırkı sütçü ineklerde sola abomazum deplasmanın (LDA) bazı fertilite ve verim parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Primipar ve multipar, ortalama 1,74 ± 0,05 laktasyon sayısına sahip olan toplam 254 adet hayvandan LDA teşhisi konulan ve cerrahi olarak tedavi edilenler deneme (n = 66) grubunu oluştururken, LDA yaşamayan hayvanlar kontrol (n = 188) grubu olarak seçildi. Deneme ve kontrol gruplarında erkek yavru doğumları ile ikiz yavru doğum oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık izlenmezken, deneme grubundaki dişi yavru doğum oranının, kontrol grubuna göre az, ölü doğum oranının ise yüksek olduğu tespit edildi (p < 0,01). Yavru zarlarının atılamaması, klinik mastitis ve metritis olguları gruplar arasında fark oluşturmazken, deneme grubundaki ortalama kan β-HBA düzeyinin kontrol grubuna göre yüksek olduğu gözlendi (p < 0,01). Laktasyon sayısı (p < 0,01), buzağı cinsiyeti (p < 0,05), ölü doğum (p < 0,05) ve subklinik ketozis (p < 0,001) olgusunun risk faktörü oluşturduğu gözlendi. Ovsynch, Double Ovsynch ve kızgınlık belirtisine göre tohumlamaların yapıldığı çalışmada, deneme grubunda farklı protokollerdeki ilk tohumlamalardan elde edilen gebelik oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık izlenmedi. Kontrol grubunda Ovsynch protokolü ile elde edilen gebelik oranlarının diğer protokollerden daha yüksek olduğu izlendi (p < 0,01). Deneme grubunda ilk tohumlamalardan sonra elde edilen toplam gebelik oranlarının, kontrol grubuna göre düşük olduğu belirlendi (p < 0,001). Çalışma sonunda, deneme grubunda gebelik başına düşen ortalama tohumlama sayısının (p < 0,01) ve doğum gebe kalma aralığının (p < 0,001) kontrol grubuna göre yüksek, gebelik oranının düşük (p < 0,05) olduğu belirlendi. Deneme grubunun postpartum (pp) ilk 100 gün ve laktasyon boyunca ürettiği ortalama süt veriminin kontrol grubuna göre düşük seyrettiği gözlendi (p < 0,001). Deneme grubunun kuruya ayrılma (p < 0,05) ve sürüyü terk etme (p < 0,01) sürelerinin kontrol grubuna göre daha uzun sürdüğü ve sürüden ayrılma oranının da daha yüksek olduğu gözlendi (p < 0,001). Sonuç olarak, LDA olgusunun laktasyon sayısı, buzağı cinsiyeti, ölü doğum ve subklinik ketozis ile ilişkili olduğu belirlendi. Bununla birlikte, pp ilk tohumlamalarda düşük gebelik oranlarına sebep olduğu, doğum gebe kalma aralığını ve gebelik başına tohumlama sayısını olumsuz etkilediği, işletmelerde dönen inek olgusuna neden olduğu gözlendi. Gebelik başına tohumlama sayısını ekonomik düzeyde tutmak için LDA olgularında gönüllü bekleme periyodunun pp 100 gün olarak belirlenmesi, bu sırada pp ilk 100 gün süt verimi düşük seyreden hayvanların tohumlama yapmadan sürü dışı edilmesi yaklaşımlarını benimseyerek ekonomik kayıpların azaltılabileceği önerilmektedir. In the present study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of left displaced abomasum (LDA) on some fertility and yield parameters in Holstein dairy cows. Experiment group (n = 66) in which LDA was diagnosed and treated by surgery, was chosen from a total of 254 primiparous or multiparous cows in 1,74 ± 0,05 lactation number on average, whereas the cows diagnosed as healthy were the control group (n = 188). There was no significant difference in terms of male calf and twin births, whereas female birth rate was lower and still birth rate was higher in the experiment group than those detected in the control group (p < 0,01). The rate of placental retention, clinic mastitis and metritis did not show any significant difference between groups, whereas the average concentrations of blood β-HBA were higher in the experiment group (p < 0,01). Lactation number (p < 0,01), calf gender (p < 0,05), stillbirth (p < 0,05) and subclinical ketosis (p < 0,001) were the risk factors. The present study in which artificial insemination (AI) was performed at Ovsynch, Double Ovsynch protocols or standing heat showed that the pregnancy rates obtained from first AI did not differ between groups. The pregnancy rates obtained from Ovsynch protocol was higher than other protocols in the control group (p < 0,01). The total pregnancy rates after first AI in the experiment group were lower than those detected in the control group (p < 0,001). The overall results showed that the average number of AI per pregnancy (p < 0,01) and the calving pregnancy interval (p < 0,001) in the experiment group was lower than those detected in the control group, whereas pregnancy rates were lower (p < 0,05). The average first postpartum (pp) 100 days and lactation milk yield in the experiment group were lower than the milk yield in the control group (p < 0,001). It was observed that the duration of drying-off (p < 0,05) and culling (p < 0,01) in the experiment group were longer and the culling rate was higher than those detected in the control group (p < 0,001). In conclusion, it was observed that LDA was associated with the lactation number, calf gender, stillbirth and subclinical ketosis. Furthermore, it was seen that the LDA caused lower pregnancy rates at first pp AI, negatively affected the calving pregnancy interval or the number of AI per pregnancy rate and lead to repeat breeder syndrome. It is suggested that the voluntary waiting period should be accepted as pp first 100 days to obtain reliable AI number per pregnancy in LDA cases and the economic loss may be decreased by the culling of cows having low milk yield at pp first 100 days without AI.
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- 2022
42. Repeat breeder gözlenen ineklerde farklı intrauterin tedavi yöntemlerinin etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması
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Ak, Muhammet Hikmet and Baki Acar, Duygu
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İnek ,Repeat Breeder ,İntrauterin Tedavi - Abstract
Sunulan çalışmanın amacı, ineklerde önemli bir sorun olan ve ciddi ekonomik kayıplara yol açan repeat breeder olgularında, nedenlerden biri olarak tanımlanan subklinik genital kanal enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde farklı intrauterin tedavi seçeneklerinin etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışma materyalini en az bir kez doğum yapmış, yaşları 2-8 arasında değişen 75 adet Holstein-Fleckvieh ırkı inek oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen repeat breeder tanısı konulmuş inekler üç gruba ayrıldı: Grup 1 (n=25): Bu grupta bulunan hayvanlara 1 gün ara ile 3 kez intrauterin 10 ml sefkuinom sülfat + 5 ml deksametazon sodyum fosfat + 10 ml %30 dekstroz içeriği; Grup 2 (n=25): Bu grupta yer alan hayvanlara bir gün ara ile üç kez intrauterin 100 mg rifaksimin ihtiva eden (13,4 gram) sprey uygulandı; Grup 3 (n=25): Bu grupta bulunan hayvanlara herhangi bir tedavi uygulanmadan kontrol grubu olarak çalışmaya alındı. Çalışmaya alınan hayvanlara tedavi süreçleri bittikten sonra senkronizasyon programı uygulanarak uygun zamanda suni tohumlama işlemi yapıldı ve 35. günde gebelik muayeneleri gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma sonrasında yapılan ilk suni tohumlamaların gebelik oranları sırasıyla Grup I’de %32 (8/25), Grup II’de %20 (5/25) ve Grup III’de %20 (5/25) olarak belirlendi (P>0,05). Sunulan tez çalışmasından elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, repeat breeder sorunu bulunan ineklerde 10 ml sefkuinom sülfat + 5 ml deksametazon sodyum fosfat + 10 ml %30 dekstroz kombinasyonunun intrauterin olarak uygulanmasının gebelik oranlarını sayısal olarak artırabileceği ve bu uygulamanın fertilite üzerine olumlu etkisi olacağı kanısına varıldı. Uterus enfeksiyonu bulunan ineklerde sıklıkla tercih edilen 100 mg rifaksimin ihtiva eden spreyin intaruterin uygulaması göreli etkinlik incelemesi ile karşılaştırıldığında, Grup I’e ait ineklerde kullanılan intrauterin ilaç kombinasyonunun daha etkili olduğu gözlendi. Sunulan çalışmada kullanılan intrauterin ilaç kombinasyonunun daha fazla sayıda hayvan materyali kullanılarak ve repeat breeder olgusuna etki eden farklı faktörler dikkate alınarak gerçekleştirilmesinin uygun olacağı kanısına varıldı. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different treatment options in subclinical genital tract infections, which is one of the causes of repeat breeder, a serious economic problem, in cows. The material of this study was 75 Holstein-Fleckvieh breed, primiparous or multiparous, 2 to 8 years old cows. The cows diagnosed as repeat breeder were divided into three groups randomly; Group I (n=25): 10 ml cefquinome sulphate+5 ml dexamethasone sodium sulphate+10 ml 30% dextrose was applied intrauterine three times every other day; Group II (n=25): 100 mg rifaximine (13.4 gr) spray was applied by intrauterine route three times every other day to cows; Group III (n=25): The cows in this group subjected as a control group and any treatment did not apply. The synchronization program was applied to all cows following treatments, artificially inseminated, and the examinations were performed on the 35th day to detect pregnancy status. The pregnancy rates after the first artificial insemination were 32% (8/25), 20% (5/25), and 20% (5/25) in the groups, respectively (P>0.05). It was detected that the intrauterine administration of 10 ml cefquinome sulphate+5 ml dexamethasone sodium sulphate+10 ml 30% dextrose combination may increase the pregnancy number and affect positively the fertility in repeat breeder cows. The intrauterine drug combination used in Group I was found more effective than the intrauterine spray, including 100 mg rifaximin, which is frequently used in cows with a uterine infection. It was evaluated that the intrauterine drug combination used in the present study should be investigated with more animal material and with consideration of the different factors affecting repeat breeder cases in cows.
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- 2022
43. İnek meme bezinde laktasyon sonu ve involusyon döneminde sitokeratin 8, 18 ve 19 ekspresyonu
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Alklay, Asuman Arkaş, Topaloğlu, Uğur, Çelenk, Fatma, Aydın, Nurşin, Bayram, Bayram, Atalar, Ömer, Bayram, Bayram, Dicle Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Temel Bilimler Bölümü, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Alklay, Asuman Arkaş, Topaloğlu, Uğur, Çelenk, Fatma, and Aydın, Nurşin
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İnek ,İmmunohistokimya ,Cytokeratin ,Mammary gland ,Cow ,Meme bezi ,Immunohistochemistry ,Sitokeratin - Abstract
WOS:000784009800001 Abstract: Cytokeratins are intermediate fi lament proteins found in epithelial cells. Specifi c cytokeratin expression has been suggested to mark diff erent epithelial cell line and also to associate with mammary stem/progenitor cells. However, a comparative analysis of the expression of cytokaratins in the mammary gland during the late lactation and involution periods was limited. Here, the aim of the present study is to evaluate CK8, CK18 and CK19 expressions of the mammary gland in cows during late lactation and involution periods, immunohistochemically. Th e lobe and lobule structure were prominent in the mammary tissue in the late lactation period, but the amount of connective tissue started to increase, and epithelial cells found on the walls of the alveoli had diff erent appearances based on their secretion status. Th e walls of the ducts were covered by simple columnar epithelial cells during late lactation. CK8 and CK18 showed strong expressions in the epithelial cells of several alveoli and ducts inside the lobes and lobules in the late lactation and involution periods. In both late lactation and involution periods, there was no CK19 expression in the mammary gland tissue. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that CK8 and CK18 were expressed in the alveolar and ductal epithelial cells of the mammary gland in cows in the late lactation and involution periods, but CK19 was not expressed. Th us, our study fi ndings revealed the role of CK8 and CK18 in mammary epithelial diff erentiation and maintenance of the normal mammary epithelial layer. Öz: Sitokeratinler, epitel hücrelerinde bulunan ara filament proteinlerindendir. Ekspresyonları organ veya dokuya özgüdür ve epitel hücrelerinin tanımlanmasına izin verir, ayrıca meme kök/progenitor hücreler arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyar. Bununla birlikte, geç laktasyon ve involüsyon dönemlerinde meme bezinde sitokaratinlerin ekspresyonunun karşılaştırmalı bir analizi sınırlıydı. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geç laktasyon ve involüsyon dönemlerinde ineklerde meme bezinde CK8, CK18 ve CK19 ekspresyonunu immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirmektir. Geç laktasyon döneminde meme bezi dokusunda lob veya lobül yapıları belirgindi, ancak bağ dokusu miktarı artmaya başlamıştı ve alveol duvarında bulunan epitel hücreleri salgı durumuna göre farklı görünümlere sahipti. Geç laktasyon süresince kanalların duvarları tek katlı kolumnar epitel hücreleri ile örtülmüştü. CK8 ve CK18, geç laktasyon ve involusyon dönemlerinde lob ve lobüllerin içindeki kalın epitel hüclerinde güçlü ekspresyonlar göstermiştir. Hem geç laktason döneminde hem de involusyon dönemlerinde meme bezi dokusunda CK 19 ekpresyonu yoktu. Sonuç olaral geç laktasyon ve involusyon döneminde ineklerde meme bezinin alveolar ve duktal epitel hücrelerinde CK8 ve CK18’in eksprese edildiği, ancak CK19’un eksprese edilmediği gösterildi. Böylece, çalışma bulgularımız CK8 ve CK18’in meme epitel farklılaşması ve normal meme epitel tabakasının korunmasındaki rolünü ortaya koydu.
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- 2022
44. Progesterone supplementation following artificial insemination to increase pregnancy rates in lactating holstein dairy cows
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Köksal, Selvi Özge, Pancarcı, Şükrü Metin, and Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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İnek ,Progesteron ,Korpus Luteum ,Corpus Luteum ,Pregnancy ,Cow ,Gebelik ,Progesterone - Abstract
Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doğum ve Jinekoloji (Veteriner) Ana Bilim Dalı, Postpartum ilk sabit zamanlı suni tohumlama (SZST) sonrası dördüncü günden itibaren on dört gün süreyle yapılan intravajinal progesteron (CIDR®, 1,38 gr) uygulamasının korpus luteum (CL) çapları, ilk ve ikinci tohumlama sonrası gebelik oranları üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sağmal Holştayn primipar (n=41) ve multipar (n=57) inekler rastgele Kontrol (n=51) ve CIDR (n=47) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. CIDR grubundaki ineklere, ilk SZST’dan dört gün sonra CIDR uygulanıp on sekizinci gün çıkarılırken, Kontrol grubundakilere bir uygulama yapılmadı. Her iki grupta Presynch-Ovsynch protokolünü takiben yapılan ilk SZST’dan on bir gün sonra transrektal ultrasonografi (USG) ile CL çapları (mm) belirlendi. Gebelikler SZST’dan 32 ve 80-100 gün sonra USG ve rektal palpasyon ile teşhis edildi. İlk SZST sonrası gebe olmayan hayvanlar tekrar Ovsynch protokolüne alındılar. Korpus luteum çapları bakımından Kontrol (22.03 ± 0.58) ile CIDR (22.86 ± 0.65) grupları arasında bir fark bulunamadı. İlk SZST sonrası gebelik oranları bakımından CIDR (%42,6; 20/47) ve Kontrol (%35,3; 18/51) grupları arasında bir fark belirlenemedi. İlk SZST sonrası, CIDR grubu içinde primipar (%47.6; 10/21) ve multipar (%38.5; 10/26) ineklerin gebelik oranları arasında fark tespit edilemezken, Kontrol grubundaki primipar ineklerin (%55.0; 11/20) gebelik oranı multipar ineklere (%22.6; 7/31) göre daha (P, It was aimed to investigate the effects of intravaginal progesterone (CIDR®, 1,38 gr) administered four days after the first postpartum fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) for fourteen days on diameters of corpus luteum (CL) and pregnancies per AI (P/AI) following the first and second services. Lactating Holstein cows (primiparous [n=41] and multiparous [n=57]) were blocked by parity, and then randomly allocated to control (n=51) and CIDR (n=47) groups. In CIDR group, CIDR was inserted and removed four and eighteen days after from the first FTAI, respectively. No applications were performed to cows in Control group. In both groups, FTAI was done following Presynch-Ovsynch protocol, and diameters (mm) of CL were determined with transrectal ultrasonography (USG) eleven days after FTAI. Pregnancies were diagnosed with USG and palpation per rectum on days 32 and 80-100 after FTAI. Non-pregnant cows following the first FTAI were re-enrolled to Ovsynch protocol. Diameters of CL did not differ between Control (22.03 ± 0.58) and CIDR (22.86 ± 0.65) groups. The first service P/AI did not differ between CIDR (%42,6; 20/47) and Control (%35,3; 18/51) groups. The first service P/AI did not differ between multiparous (%38.5; 10/26) and primiparous (%47.6; 10/21) cows in CIDR group. Whereas, the first service P/AI was lower (P
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- 2022
45. Effects of NSAID administration following parturition on milk yield and postpartum reproductive parameters in lactating dairy cows
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Doğru, İsmail, Pancarcı, Şükrü Metin, and Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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İnek ,Reprodüksiyon ,Milk Yield ,Postpartum ,Reproduction ,Cow ,Süt Verimi ,NSAID - Abstract
Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doğum ve Jinekoloji (Veteriner) Anabilim Dalı, Bu çalışmada süt ineklerinde doğum sonrası gerçekleşen ağrı durumlarına karşı uzun etkili bir non-steroid antienflamatuar (NSAID) olan karprofen uygulamasının süt verimini ve reprodüktif performansı arttırması amaçlanmıştır. İnekler rastgele iki gruba ayrılarak doğumdan sonraki 12 saat içerisinde birinci gruptakilere (Kontrol; n=50) serum fizyolojik ve ikinci gruptakilere (Karprofen; n=50) 1.4 mg/ kg karprofen subcutan olarak uygulanmıştır. Vajinal akıntı muayeneleri postpartum (pp) 25-32. günlerde yapılmıştır. Doğumdan sonra 1-15, 15-30 ve 1-30 günler arasındaki ağırlık değişimleri (kg) incelenmiştir. İlk 150 günlük toplam süt verimleri (kg), hastalık kayıtları ve süt iletkenlik skorları, pedometreye göre östrüs bulguları, pp ilk suni tohumlama (ST) gebelik oranları belirlenmiştir. İşletmenin rutin pp reprodüktif protokolü takip edilmiştir. Çalışmadaki tüm ineklerde normal doğum (ötosi) gözlemlenmiştir. Yavru zarlarının atılamaması, metritis, klinik ve subklinik mastitis oranları bakımından çalışma grupları arasında fark bulunamamıştır. Patolojik vajinal akıntı oranı Karprofen grubunda (%25.6 [10/39]) Kontrol grubuna (%7.3 [3/41]) göre daha yüksek (P, In this study, it was aimed to increase milk yield and reproductive performance by administering carprofen as long-acting NSAID to decrase pain in lactating cows. Cows were randomly divided into two groups, and then physiologic saline (Group I; Control; n=50) or carprofen (1.4 mg/ kg; Group II; n=50) were administered subcutaneously in within 12 hours following calving. Vaginal discharge was examined on 25-32 days postpartum. Changes in body weight (kg) between days 1-15, 15-30 and 1-30 postpartum were investigated. The first 150 days total milk yield, disease records and milk electric conductivity scores, estrous activities based on pedometer, pregnancy rates following the first artificial insemination (AI) postpartum were recorded. Postpartum reproductive protocol was followed as farm’s rutine. All cows were normally calved (eutocia) in this study. Rates of retained placenta, metritis, clinic and subclinic mastitis were not differed between groups. Pathological vaginal discharge rate was significantly (P
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- 2022
46. Evaluation of tümor necrosis factor-alfa, cholesterol, BHBA, NEFA and acethylcholinesterase levels in cows with ketosis
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Yenilmez, Yücel, Aytekin, İsmail, and Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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İnek ,Asetilkolinesteraz ,Beta Hidroksi Bütirik Asit ,Cow ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Ketosis ,Beta Hydroxybutyric Acid ,Tümör Nekrosis Faktör-Alfa ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alfa - Abstract
Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Veteriner İç Hastalıkları Ana Bilim Dalı, Bu araştırmada ketozisli ineklerde serum tümör nekroz faktör-α, asetilkolinesteraz, beta hidroksi bütirik asit, nonesterifie fatty acids, glikoz, total protein, kolesterol ve trigliserit düzeyleri araştırıldı. Araştırmanın materyalini 3-7 yaş aralığında 10 adet ketozisli ve 10 adet sağlıklı olmak üzere toplam 20 adet holstein ırkı inek oluşturdu. Ketozisli ve sağlıklı gruptaki ineklerde serum beta hidroksi bütirik asit, nonesterifie fatty acids, aspartat aminotransferaz, tümör nekroz faktör-α, asetilkolinesteraz, glikoz, total protein, trigliserit ve kolesterol düzeyleri ölçüldü. Ketozisli ineklerde glikoz, trigliserit, nonesterifie fatty acids, tümör nekroz faktör-α ve asetilkolinesteraz düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak önemli çıkmadığı, ketozisli ineklerde beta hidroksi bütirik asit ve aspartat aminotransferaz seviyeleri artarken total protein ve kolesterol düzeyleri sağlıklı ineklere göre düşük çıktığı belirlendi. Sonuç olarak ketozisli ineklerde tümör nekroz faktör-α ve asetilkolinesteraz düzeylerinin araştırılması hastalığın biyokimyasal bulgularına faydalı olabileceği kanaatine varıldı., In this study were investigated serum tumor necrosis factor-α, acetylcholinesterase, beta hydroxybutyric acid, nonesterifie fatty acids, glucose, total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride in cows with ketosis This study material consisted 10 control and 10 group with ketosis, total 20 holstein dairy cows at aged between 3-7 years. In this study serum concentration was measured beta hydroxybutyric acid, nonesterified fatty acids, tumor necrosis factor-α, acetylcholinesterase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, triglyceride, total protein, cholesterol in healthy group and cows with ketosis. Serum nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, triglyceride, tumor necrosis factor-α, acetylcholinesterase did not differ statistically significant between two groups, beta hydroxybutyric acid and aspartate aminotransferase increased statistic that total protein and cholesterol concentration decreased in ketosis cows compared with healthy cows Consequently, tumor necrosis factor-α ve acetylcholinesterase concentration researched may prove beneficial biochemical findings in cows with ketosis. Keywords: Cow, ketosis, acetylcholinesterase, beta hydroxybutyric acid, tumor necrosis factor-alfa.
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- 2022
47. Effects of lameness on productivity and farm economy in dairy cattle
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İzci, Celal and Erdal, Fatma Çuhadar
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İnek ,Üreme ,Milk yield ,Lameness ,Reproduction ,Cow ,Ayıklama ,Süt verimi ,Culling ,Economy ,Ekonomi ,Topallık - Abstract
Modern yöntemlerin uygulandığı süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde, yıllar içinde topallıkların yaygınlığının artması dikkat çekicidir. Bu durum genellikle süt veriminin artmasıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda ortalama verim arttıkça, topallığın gelecekte daha da büyük bir sorun haline geleceği öngörülebilir. Süt sığırlarında topallığa neden olan ayak hastalıkları enfeksiyöz ve nonenfeksiyöz olmak üzere iki kategoride incelenebilir. Bu hastalıklar, sığırları etkileyen en önemli ağrılı hastalıklar grubundandır. Bu nedenle topallık süt sığırlarında önemli bir refah problemi olarak tanımlanır. Topallık ile süt verimi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Topallığa bağlı süt verimi kaybı hastalığın şiddetine, süresine, laktasyon sayısı ve dönemine ve yapılan tedaviye göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Son yıllarda dünyanın birçok ülkesinde süt sığırcılığında üreme performansının düştüğüne dair raporlar yayınlanmaktadır. Bunun önemli nedenlerinden birisinin de artan topallıklar olduğu söylenebilir. Topallığın üreme performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin nedenleri konusunda bir belirsizlik olmakla birlikte; topallığın hayvanın kızgınlık davranışı ve belirtilerini olumsuz etkilediği gösterilmiştir. Topallık hayvanın değerini düşürerek zorunlu ayıklama oranını artırır. Topal hayvanların kesime gönderilme olasılığının daha yüksek olduğu birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı; süt sığırlarında topallıkların, verimlilik ve çiftlik ekonomisi üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini vurgulamak ve böylece süt endüstrisinin yetiştirici, çiftlik çalışanları vb. tüm paydaşlarında topallıklar konusunda bir farkındalık oluşturmaktır. It is noteworthy that the prevalence of lameness in modern dairy farms has increased over the years. This situation is generally associated with increased milk yield. As the average yield increases, lameness can be predicted to become an even greater problem in the future. Foot diseases that cause lameness are commonly categorized according to their etiology into infectious and noninfectious lesions. Foot diseases are among the most important painful diseases affecting cattle. Therefore, lameness is an important animal welfare problem in dairy cattle. The relationship between lameness and milk yield has been evaluated in numerous studies. Loss of milk yield due to lameness varies according to the severity, duration of the disease, the number and period of lactation and the treatment performed. In recent years, reports of reduced reproductive performance in dairy cattle have been published in many countries. It can be said that one of the important reasons for this is increasing lameness. Although there is an uncertainty in the effects of lameness on reproductive performance; it has been shown to negatively affect the sexual behavior and symptoms of the animal. Lameness reduces fertility, leading to early slaughter. Most studies of the relationship between lameness and early slaughter have shown that lame animals are more likely to be slaughtered. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the negative effects of lameness in dairy cattle on productivity and farm economy and to raise awareness on this issue among all stakeholders of the dairy industry, such as breeders, farm workers, etc
- Published
- 2021
48. Comparison of ın-vivo and ın-vitro degradability of different soy products
- Author
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Özçınar, Ümit and Bayram, İsmail
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İnek ,İn-Situ ,Soya ,Manda ,Yıkılabilirlik ,Daisy İnkubatör - Abstract
Bu araştırma, dört farklı soya ürününün [Soya küspesi (SK), soy pass (SP), soya flake (SF), tam yağlı soya (TYS)] in-situ ve in-vitro parçalanabilirliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, soya ürünlerinin rumende in-situ parçalanabilirliğini belirlemek için 3 adet Kahverengi İsviçre esmeri inek ve 3 adet Melez dişi Manda (Murrah x Anadolu) (> 2 yaşında) kullanılmıştır. Rumende yıkılabilirlik testleri için tüm hayvanlarda sol paralumbar fossaya sabit kanüller yerleştirilmiştir. Dört farklı soya ürünlerine ait numuneler rumende kuru madde (KM), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), organik madde (OM) ve ham kül (HK) yıkılabilirliklerinin tespiti için naylon keselerde rumende 4., 8., 12., 16., 24. saat boyunca inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında soya ürünlerinin in vitro yıkılabilirliklerini 48 saat süreyle belirlemek için Daisy inkubatör cihazı kullanılmıştır. Daisy inkubatör cihazından çıkarılan numuneler NDF analizine tabi tutulmuştur. İn situ denemelerinde sadece SP’da 24 saatlik KM sindirilebilirilik değerleri ortalamaları sığır ineğinde manda ineğine göre anlamlı bir biçimde farklı bulunmuştur (Sırasıyla %47,54 ve %49,61; P=0,0001). In situ en yüksek KM sindirilebilirliği 24. saatte SK’de manda ineğinde (%86,16), en düşük ise SP’de sığır ineğinde (%63,60) bulunmuştur. KM kinetik sindirilebilirilik değerleri arasında SF’de %2, %5, %8 ve SP’de %2 teorik pasaj hızlarında türler arasında farklılık görülmüştür. Sadece SF’de 24 saatlik HP sindirilebilirlik değerleri ortalamaları inekte mandaya göre anlamlı bir biçimde farklı bulunmuştur (Sırasıyla %50,47 ve %42,92; P=0,03). En yüksek HP sindirilebilirliği 24. saatte SK’de mandada (%83,04), en düşük ise SP’de inekte (%45,25) bulunmuştur. HP kinetik yıkılabilirlik değerleri arasında TYS’de b ve c fraksiyonlarında, SF’de UF’değerinde, SP’de ise a fraksiyonunda türler arasında farklılık görülmüştür. TYS ve SF için 24 saatlik HY yıkılabilirlik değerleri ortalamaları inekte mandaya göre anlamlı bir biçimde farklı bulunmuştur (Sırasıyla %60,46, %91,21; P 2 yearsold) were used to determine the in-situ rumen degradability of soy products. Constant cannulas were placed on left paralumbar fossa for all animals. Soy products samples were weighed into nylon bags for determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), organic matter (OM) and crude ash (CA) in rumen degradability at 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 24th hours. In addition, in the second stage of the study, a daisy incubator and NDF analyses were used to determine the in vitro true digestibility of soy products for 48 hours. At the in-situ experiments, the avarage of 24 hour DM digestibility values were found to be significantly different at cattle compared to buffalo in only SP (47,54% and 49,61%, respectively; P= 0,0001). The highest DM digestibility in situ at the 24th hour was found in SM at buffalo (86,16%) and the lowest in SP at cattle (63,30%). Diffrences were found between species in teoric passage rates of 2%, 5%, 8% in SF and 2% in SP among the kinetic digestibility values of DM. The avarage of 24 hour CP digestibility values were found to be significantly different at cattle than buffalo in only SF (50,47% and 42,92%, respectively; P= 0,03). The highest CP digestibility in situ at the 24th hour was found in SM at buffalo (83,04%) and the lowest in SP at cattle (45,25%). Differences were found between species in fractions b and c in FFS, UF in SF and fraction a in SP among kinetic digestibility values of CP. The avarage of 24 hour CF digestibility values were found to be significantly different at catlle than buffalo in FFS and SF (60,46%, 91,21%; P
- Published
- 2021
49. Physical, chemical and microbiological properties of ayrans produced with addition of probiotic bacteria
- Author
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Hayatoğlu, Fatma, Akarca, Gökhan, Mühendislik Fakültesi, and Hayatoğlu, Fatma
- Subjects
İnek ,Keçi ,Probiyotik ,Ayran ,İnek Sütü ve Keçi Sütünden Ayran Üretimi - Abstract
Bu araştırmada, öncelikle Türk toplumu başta olmak üzere tüm Dünyada bolca tüketilen bir içecek olan ayrana; ürünün fonksiyonelliğini ve yararlılığını daha da artırmak adına probiyotik bakteri ilavesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda da probiyotiklerin gerek insan sağlığına yaptığı katkıları artırmak, gerekse raf ömründe oluşabilecek olumlu veya olumsuz gelişmeleri belirlemek ve probiyotik bakterilerin etkilerini en iyi gösterebildiği ortam şartlarını tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Tam yağlı inek ve tam yağlı keçi sütlerine hem normal hem de probiyotik kültür ilave edilerek 4°C’de 14 gün depolanmıştır. Depolama süresinin 1, 7 ve 14. günlerinde pH, kurumadde, protein, yağ, titrasyon asitliği, aroma maddeleri ve organik asit miktarlarına bakılmıştır. Mikrobiyolojik olarak ise toplam aerobik mezofil bakteri sayısı, toplam aerobik psikrofil bakteri sayısı, maya küf sayısı, proteolitik bakteri sayısı, lipolitik bakteri sayısı, laktik asit bakteri sayısı, Lactococcus cinsi bakteri sayısı, Lactobacillus acidophilus bakteri sayısı, Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis bakteri sayısı incelenmiştir. Örneklerin pH değeri ve viskozitesi depolama süresince düşüş gösterirken ayran üretiminde probiyotik bakteri kullanımına bağlı olarak tekli doymamış yağ asitlerinde artış meydana gelmiştir. Ayran bünyesinde bulunan benzoik asit, sitrik asit, süksinik asit ve laktik asit miktarlarına örnek çeşidinin çok yüksek düzeyde etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayran üretiminde probiyotik kültür kullanımı ayranların organik asit miktarlarını önemli derecede artırmıştır. Dört organik asit çeşidi içinde en yüksek laktik asit tespit edilirken, inek sütünden yapılan ayranlarda daha yüksek laktik asit miktarı belirlenmiştir. Mikrobiyolojik analiz sonuçlarına göre tüm örneklerde depolamanın 7. gününe kadar kısmen artan toplam canlı bakteri sayısının artışı depolama sonunda hızlanmıştır. Toplam psikrofilik sayısı, laktik asit bakteri sayısı, maya ve küf sayılarında artış görülürken, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus sayıları ve ayran örneklerinin kıvamı, aroması ve azotlu bileşikler üzerine etkili olan proteolitik bakteri sayıları depolama boyunca düşüş göstermiştir. Fermantasyon sonunda keçi sütüyle üretilen ayranlarda daha yüksek oranda tespit edilen Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis sayısı, probiyotiksiz olarak üretilen inek ve keçi sütü örneklerinde tespit edilememiştir ve genel olarak düşüş göstermiştir. Son olarak, duyusal analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında depolama süresine bağlı olarak örneklerde görünüş, koku, renk puanlarında azalma görülürken, tat ve kıvam puanlarında artma meydana gelmiştir. Genel beğeni ise ilk yedi gün artarken daha sonra düşüş göstermiştir. In this research, probiotic bacteria cultivation was carried out in order to further increase the functionality and usefulness of ayran, which is a beverage consumed abundantly in the world, especially Turkish society. As a result, it is aimed to increase the contribution of probiotics to human health, to determine the positive or negative developments that may occur in the shelf life and to determine the environmental conditions in which probiotic bacteria can show their effects best. Both normal and probiotic cultures were added to full-fat cow and goat milk and stored at 4°C for 14 days. The amount of pH, dry matter, protein, oil, titratable acidity, flavorings and organic acid were examined on the 1st, 7th and 14th days of the storage period. Microbiologically, the total number of aerobic mesophil bacteria, total aerobic psychrophil bacteria number, yeast mold number, proteolytic bacteria number, lipolitic bacteria number, lactic acid bacteria number, Lactococcus type bacteria number, Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria number, Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis bacteria number were investigated. While the pH value and viscosity of the samples decreased during storage, an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids occurred due to the use of probiotic bacteria in ayran production. It has been determined that the sample type has a very high level of effect on the amounts of benzoic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and lactic acid in Ayran. The use of probiotics culture in ayran production significantly increased the amount of organic acid in ayran. While the highest lactic acid was determined among the four organic acid varieties, higher lactic acid amount was found in ayran made from cow's milk. According to the results of microbiological analysis, the increase in the total number of live bacteria, which increased partially until the 7th day of storage in all samples, accelerated at the end of storage. While the total number of psychrophilic, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mold numbers increased, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus numbers and proteolytic bacteria numbers that were effective on the consistency, aroma and nitrogenous compounds of the ayran samples decreased during storage. The number of Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis, which was detected at a higher rate in ayran produced with goat milk at the end of fermentation, was not detected in cow and goat milk samples produced without probiotics and generally decreased. Finally, when looking at the results of sensory analysis, the appearance, smell, color scores decreased in the samples depending on the storage period, while the taste and consistency scores increased. General appreciation, on the other hand, increased in the first seven days and then decreased.
- Published
- 2021
50. Some of the applications level of the protection and control of mastitis in dairy cattle farms in turkey with different qualifications
- Author
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Rişvanlı, Ali, Saat, Nevzat, Şafak, Tarık, Yılmaz, Öznur, Yüksel, Burak Fatih, Kılınç, Mehmet Akif, Doğan, Halef, Yüksel, Murat, Kul, Selim, Şeker, İbrahim, Başka Kurum, and Veteriner Fakültesi
- Subjects
İnek ,Türkiye ,işletme ,Turkey ,İşletme ,inek ,cow ,Mastitis ,koruma ,protection ,farm - Abstract
Saat, Nevzat (Balikesir Author), Amaç: Sunulan çalışmada Türkiye’deki 177 küçük ve 169 büyük ölçekli süt sığırı işletmesinde mastitisin koruma ve kontrolüne yönelik uygulamalar ve uygulanma düzeylerinin ortaya koyulması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kapsamda Türkiye’de farklı illerdeki toplam 346 süt sığırı işletmesinden meme sağlığı ile ilgili verileri toplanarak istatistiksel açıdan incelendi. Bulgular: Büyük ölçekli işletmelerde en fazla 50-200 baş (n=96, %56,8 ve en fazla Holştayn ırkı (n=97, %57,4)) ve küçük ölçekli işletmelerde ise en fazla 11-20 baş (n=71, %40,1 ve en fazla Simental ırkı (n=153, %86,4)) arası inek olduğu, bu iki tip işletmede 4 yaşlı ineklerin daha fazla olduğu (sırasıyla, n=62, %36,7 ve n=93, %52,5) görülmüştür. Büyük işletmelerde teat dipping (%70,4), kuru dönem antibiyotik (%72,8), teat seal(%9,5) ve mastitis aşısı (%55,6) uygulamalarının küçük ölçekli işletmelerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Büyük işletmelerde predipping (%59,2) ve postdipping uygulaması yapanların oranının (%67,5) yapmayanlardan daha fazla olduğu ve uygulamalarda en fazla iyotlu antiseptiklerin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Küçük ölçekli işletmelerde sağım hijyeni uygulamayanların oranının (%61,6) fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu iki tip işletmede günlük ortalama süt verimi üzerine işletme tipi (p, Aim: In this study aimed reveal applications for the protection and control of mastitis and levels of applications in 177 small scale and 169 large-scale farms in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Benefiting from statistical methods analyzed collecting data on udder health of 346 dairy cattle farms in different provinces of Turkey. Results: It has been observed that there are maximum 50-200 cows (n = 96, 56.8% and at most Holstein breeds (n = 97, 57.4%)) in large-scale and 11-20 cows (n = 71, 40.1% and the highest number of Simental breeds (n = 153, 86.4%)) in small scale farms and there are 4 old cows more in these two types of farms. It was determined that the applications of teat dipping (70.4%), dry period antibiotics (72.8%), teat seal(9.5%) and mastitis vaccine (55.6%)in large farms were higher than small scale farms and It was determined that the proportion of those which do predipping and postdipping is higher than those which do not, and that iodine antiseptics are used the most in applications. The rate of those which do not apply milking hygiene in family-type (61.6%) is high. The effects of farms type (p
- Published
- 2021
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