Search

当研究は2011年から山口県立大学企画デザイン研究室が着手した、山口市徳地地域の中山間地域活性化プロジェクトの一環として開始した。 徳地地域は豊かな自然（森林）に恵まれ、清流「佐波川」の上流として古くから紙漉きの文化が継承されて来た。この貴重な地域資源である徳地手漉き和紙に着目し、植物素材のニットを融合させた服飾造形作品を創作し、「自然回帰」のメッセージと共にファッションショーや展覧会などで発表する事により、徳地手漉き和紙の新たな可能性を図った。 また2021年にこのシリーズの集大成として開催したアートニット展の会場となったのは、この「佐波川」の下流に位置する防府市の周防国分寺である。 山口市と防府市、両市の地域資源を融合させた展覧会（インスタレーション）を通して、双方の文化交流が創出された経緯と結果を報告するものである。, This research was initiated by the Planning and Design Laboratory of Yamaguchi Prefectural University in 2011 as part of a project to revitalize a mountainous area in the Tokuji region of Yamaguchi City The Tokuji area is blessed with rich nature (forests), and the culture of papermaking has been passed down from generation to generation in the upper reaches of the pure "Saba River. Focusing on this precious regional resource, the company created clothing using knit art works that fuse plant material with natural knit materials, and presented them at fashion shows and exhibitions with the message of "Return to Nature," thereby exploring new possibilities for Tokuji handmade paper In 2021, the compilation of this series of exhibitions was held at the Suo Kokubunji Temple in Hofu City, downstream from the Saba River, where the Knit Art Exhibition was held This report describes the process and the results of the creation of cultural exchange between Yamaguchi City and Hofu City through an exhibition whose method is Installation, that fuses the regional resources between the two cities.

平成 29 年３月に公示された学習指導要領をもとに、令和４年１月に小学校４年生の「県内の文化財や年中行事」 の単元開発を実践した。授業では、中澤静男 (2021) の「歴史文化遺産が語る持続可能な社会づくりの必須条件」を手掛かりに、持続可能な開発目標 (SDGs) の関連に着目することで、歴史理解と文化財の保存・継承にとどまらない、持続可能な社会の条件やそのために必要な市民参画を考え、SDGs の達成に貢献する価値観への転換と行動化を促す授業展開を試みた。本稿では、教科書の学習内容の検討をもとにして単元「東大寺の大仏が語る SDGs」を開発実施し、学 習指導要領前文と解説に新たに加えられた、持続可能な社会づくりを担おうとする態度を養うことも視野に入れた小学 校における ESD 社会科を提案する。

本稿の目的は，文化財制度による国民統合論を批判的に検証し，文化財鑑賞の普及・定着経緯を検証する上でツーリズムに着目する意義を提示することである。これまでの文化財制度による国民統合論を前提とする議論では，社寺宝物や建築を見学・鑑賞する文化財鑑賞は，教育や博物館を通じて早々に普及・定着したと解釈されてきた。本稿では，こうした解釈を修正するとともに，これまで検証のなかったツーリズムという実践面を論じた。まず1章では，文化財制度と国民統合の議論を近年の研究をもとに再検討した。この結果，制度設計時の意図と実現に至る経緯には隔たりがあり，制度整備の直後から国民統合の役割を果たしたとは考えにくいことが確認された。2章では，文化財制度の機能を検討するにあたりツーリズムに注目する意義を整理した。ここでは社寺の宝物や建物を美術として見学・鑑賞する慣習や，文化財に指定された宝物を伝統文化とする認識の形成を，思想面と政策面のみから検証することに限界があることを提示した。3章では，京都と奈良へのツーリズムの拡大が文化財鑑賞を広める役割を果たしたか，複数の統計をもとに検証した。その結果，京都と奈良へのツーリズムの拡大が，必ずしも文化財鑑賞の普及を意味しなかったことが明らかとなった。4章では，戦前までの修学旅行が文化財鑑賞の普及に果たした役割を検討した。これまで文化財制度の機能と観光客や修学旅行の往来に注目した研究は少なく，戦前においても「京都や奈良への観光=文化財鑑賞」という暗黙の了解があったと言える。しかし，社寺宝物を美術品として明治期から展示する京都と奈良の帝室博物館は，観光客の増加に応じて来館者を顕著に増やすことはなく，観光客の増加によって普及したのは，近代交通機関を使った名所めぐりや，鉄道会社が提案した名所や娯楽施設の訪問だったと言えるだろう。, The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the theory of national integration through the institution of cultural properties and to present the significance of focusing on tourism in analyzing the historical formation of the custom concerning the appreciation of cultural properties. In previous discussions in Japan, the custom of viewing cultural properties, in which people visit and appreciate the treasures and architecture of shrines and temples, has been interpreted as having been created as a result of the government’s education and museum policies. This paper corrects this commonly held interpretation and discusses the practical aspect of tourism, which has not been examined in the past. In Chapter 1, we modify theories of national integration and the institution of cultural properties based on recent historical research. Results confirm a gap between the institutional design and its realization and show that the institution cannot be considered to have played a role in national integration immediately. Chapter 2 summarizes the significance of focusing on tourism in examining the functions of the institution of cultural properties. It presents the difficulty of examining the formation of the perception of treasures designated as cultural properties as traditional culture from only the perspectives of ideology and policy. In Chapter 3, we examine whether the expansion of tourism to Kyoto and Nara has played a role in promoting the appreciation of cultural properties based on multiple statistics. Chapter 4 examines the relationship between school trips to Kyoto and Nara and the spread of cultural property appreciation before World War II. Despite the fact that few studies have focused on the function of the cultural property system and the traffic of tourists and school excursions, it can be said that even before World War II, there was an implicit understanding that tourism to Kyoto and Nara was undertaken for the purpose of appreciating cultural properties. However, the Imperial Household Museums in Kyoto and Nara, which have exhibited treasures of shrines and temples as works of art since the Meiji period, did not noticeably attract visitors as the number of tourists to Kyoto and Nara increased. Prewar tourists did not appreciate cultural properties as traditional culture but visited various famous sites in both regions for entertainment. This paper presents the limitations of interpreting the cultural heritage system as a politically created tradition., 特集 : 近代京都と文化, Special Issue : Modern Kyoto Culture

This study reports the first analytical study conducted on samples of bedrock, and plaster layers, and also painting techniques employed by the ancient craftsmen. Collected from Nefer-Seshem-Ptah and šḫntíw tomb, the unique construction at Saqqara necropolis in Egypt, the samples, which comprise the microscopic particularities, were assessed by digital optical microscope, while the petrographic analysis was performed by polarized light microscope. An X-ray diffractometer was used to analyze the bedrock and plaster layers samples. Further, the molecular and vibrational attributions of some fragments and pigment grains were recognized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and Raman Micro Spectrometer (μ-Raman). As a result, the studied bedrock indicates that calcite and quartz are the main minerals, whereas halite is revealed in other samples. In addition, assemblages were identified as clay mineral including montmorillonite and kaolinite. Further, the thin-section observation revealed a clayey fossiliferous and micrite. The observation on the plaster layers formed of coarse gypsumincludes little amount of limestone powder, together with fine sand, while the second layer weas composed mainly of a clay plaster with straw plants. The cross-sectional observation on the plaster layers defined three layers, which are mainly made up of calcium carbonate (calcite), quartz and clay. Minerals were identified in varying proportions. Likely, Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy analysis of the samples disclosed that the craftsmen used animal glue as media to decorate the tomb, which means the “Tempera” Technique was used to decorate Nefer-Seshem-Ptah and šḫntíw tomb., šḫntíwのšとíは、チェコ語のšとíを代用している。

This work was supported by JSPS, KAKENHI (21H04366).

The pyramid of king Djoser in Saqqara is one of the oldest stone building in history. There are five levels of corridors under the pyramid. There are two alabaster sarcophaguses in the fifth level. It is thought that they are for two daughters of king Djoser, although they were found empty. The lid of one of these sarcophaguses were found broken into nine pieces. Mineralogical investigations by both X-Ray diffraction and polarizing microscope were required to help identifying the components of the alabaster lid. The obtained results revealed that mineralogical study should have been carried out to achieve the restoration processes. The restoration process was carried out. The broken pieces of the lid were collected and glued, the lid was put in its place and the sarcophagus was closed. A drill, stainless steel bars and an epoxy called Araldite AW 106 were used in the restoration process. The restoration process was completed successfully.

Saqqara is one of the most famous archaeological sites in Egypt and all over the world. It was the main necropolis of Memphis which was the capital of Egypt for the most part of the Old Kingdom period. Saqqara is also famous for the Step Pyramid which is the oldest stone structure in ancient Egypt. It was built by king Djoser who was the first king in the Third Dynasty. It is thought that the south entrance of the Step Pyramid was opened during the Saite period. During that period, a lot of restoration work was done to many places in Saqqara, one of whose places was the Step Pyramid, especially the south entrance, when they saw that there were cracks in the bedrock ceiling, that some limestone columns were used to support it. It seems that the ceiling of the burial shaft had a problem since that time. So, some wooden trunks were used to support the ceiling, especially in the places where there was a collapse. Those trunks were in bad condition, because they were affected by deterioration factors especially the brown rotten that caused the wood to be turned into cubes in different sizes. It is known that the ancient Egyptians used both local and imported wood, especially wood that was imported from Lebanon. So, it was important to identify the wood species to indicate if it was local or imported. Transmitted light optical microscope was used to identify the wood species. It is indicated that the species is Acacia Nilotica which has been common in Egypt from ancient times till now. There were deterioration products that could be seen on the wooden trunks such as cracks in different sizes and different depths, wood turned into cubes in different sizes. And then, and the surface of the wood was fragile and squishy, and some parts of the wooden trunks were covered with mortar that used for restoration in the Saite period or for supporting the ceiling during the current restoration project. Restoration work was done through three main steps. First, cleaning was done mechanically and chemically. Consolidation by using Nano cellulose and Plexisol P550, filling by using cotton injected with Paraloid B72 20% and Microballoon. FTIR analysis was done after using Nano cellulose and it indicated the percentage of cellulose in the wood was increased after using Nano cellulose for consolidation.

The study of religious concepts in a synthetic and unified framework is necessary to understand the ancient texts on the basis of Egyptian features. This is required since there are numerous religious concepts and their complex usages appearing in various religious texts and in non-religious texts as well. The study of religious concepts in ancient Egypt is one of the keys by which we can approach to the understanding of Egyptian texts and Egyptian mentality. Some characteristics of Egyptian religious anthrology are elucidated around Ka, Ba and Akh in this paper. In addition, “Pseudo-Dualism” and “Peculiar Usage with Following Genitive” are applied to the religious concepts. While the body and the spirit (soul) seem to be divided, the Egyptian regarded each of them as perfect being as a whole, which cannot be divided (Pseudo-Dualism). This leads to anthor idea that the subject can be indicated by the following genitive (Peculiar Usage with Following Genitive). Without understanding these peculiar usages, moderns would be puzzled about the seeming plurality of entities, which is one character in fact., This work was supported by JSPS, KAKENHI (21H04366).

In order to apply to the improvement of the reinforcement agent of cultural assets, reaction controls of silane coupling agent (SCA) for the increase of chemisorption and the formation of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) were reviewed. When the silica particles treated with SCA are heated to accelerate the chemisorption reaction, evaporation of monomer-like SCA and the chemisorption reaction take place simultaneously. The oligomer formation in the SCA-treated layer or using the oligomer-type SCA and the SCA with long organic chain was useful restrained the evaporation and increased the chemisorption effectively. The control of amount of moisture was most important for the formation of orderly SAM. Using the chlorosilane without hydrolysis was also useful. Usually, the reaction of SCA needs hydrolysis. However, the alkoxy group in SCA can reacts with the silanol group on silica surface without hydrolysis at higher temperature., This work was supported by JSPS, KAKENHI (21H04366), 著者名「中村吉伸」の吉は、土と口から成る吉（つちよし）である。

Saqqara was the main necropolis of Memphis that was the capital of ancient Egypt during the time of the Old Kingdom, and it has a lot of tombs dating back along the ancient Egyptian history from the time of the first and second dynasties to the Greco-Roman period. Some of the ancient Egyptian tombs from the fifth and sixth dynasties have decorated burial chambers. One of them is the tomb of Memi that might date back to the late fifth dynasty and the beginning of the sixth dynasty. Although his burial chamber has three beautiful decorated walls, the most of the decorated plaster fell down off the bed rock walls. There are some deterioration factors that have affected the mural paintings at Memi's burial chamber, some internal and the other external, and they led to the deterioration of the mural paintings. High humidity is one of the most dangerous factors that carries salts out of the inside structure of the bed rock to the surface and under the plaster, when humidity decreases. It leaves salt under the plaster, that pushes the plaster and causes it to fall down. The internal structure of the bed rock has clay minerals that are affected by the presence of high humidity that leads those minerals to swell and push the plaster off the bedrock walls. Gypsum plaster was used at Memi's burial chamber, whose main components of the plaster are gypsum, sand, calcite and clay minerals. Those components are inhomogeneous and they led to different effect by weathering factors. The thickness of the plaster at Memi's burial chamber varies according to the regularity of the bedrock. However, in general, the thickness of the plaster is thin and the thinness makes it easy to be cracked and broken when it falls off the walls. As a result of high humidity, there is a clear growth of microorganisms on the bedrock walls and the plaster. Salts such as gypsum and halite are the worst problem in the burial chamber because they crystalized to form pins that pushed the plaster to separate and fill off the bed rock walls., This work was supported by JSPS, KAKENHI (21H04366).

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

民俗芸能「朝倉の梯子獅子」が奉納される牟山神社（愛知県知多市朝倉地区）の例祭は、現在毎年10月第一日曜日に斎行されている。この牟山神社例祭について、昭和45年(1970)に知多市教育委員会が刊行した知多市文化財資料第11集『朝倉の梯子獅子』等には、例祭日は旧暦四月八日だったが、江戸時代から昭和時代にかけて四度、日程変更が行われた旨が記される。しかし、それらの典拠は同書ではほとんど示されていない。また、牟山神社等に所蔵される歴史資料には、同書で説明される例祭日の変更時期とは一部異なる内容が記される。本稿では、牟山神社例祭日の変遷に関して、歴史文献を中心に検討し、忠実を可能な限り明らかにすることを目的とする。

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

箕輪町天然記念物「下古田のヒカリゴケ」には，ヒカリゴケ自生地としては低地の集落内にあるという希少性がある。西側横穴と東側横穴の2つからなり，そのうち西側横穴の保全状況が懸念されている。そこで，現況把握のため立地環境と植生を調査した。その結果，西側横穴では植生が疎らな土の斜面のため崩れやすく，横穴入口から内部に土が堆積し，横雑草が侵入していた。植生導入による斜面の保護，横穴内部の土の除去によるヒカリゴケ自生地の復旧，ならびに，専門家や地権者を交えて保全・管理を検討することが望まれる。, Article, 信州大学農学部AFC報告 18: 65-69(2020)

application/pdf, 論文(Article)