[Purpose/Significance] The construction of the "the Belt and Road Initiative" as a major national regional development strategy with an emphasis on technological innovation and talent as the core in the new era, has brought new opportunities for the development of entrepreneurship and innovation education and talent training in universities. [Method/Process] Based on the current domestic and foreign research status of the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities of college students, this paper puts forward 34 kinds of abilities that college students are supposed to have in innovation and entrepreneurship under the background of the "the Belt and Road Initiative". A questionnaire survey on its importance, current ability, the expectations of the status quo and development was held and an in-depth discussion was followed. Through correlation analysis, the necessity of these abilities in three research areas is demonstrated. [Results/Conclusions] Through correlation analysis, the necessity of these abilities in the three aspects of research is demonstrated, so as to expand the effective path of cultivating the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students under the background of "the Belt and Road Initiative", and to realize the high-quality and conjunctive development of mass entrepreneurship and innovation education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]