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Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer and food additive with a unique umami taste. Due to its widespread use in humans, this study focused on the cytotoxicity, anti-diabetic effect, and interaction with protein digestion by performing a standardized static in vitro digestion model and lipid digestion by estimating free fatty acids released from 0.5 g of olive oil during intestinal lipolysis. The study showed that monosodium glutamate has an apparent cytotoxic effect on the Caco-2 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. MSG glutamate also showed low inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase enzyme even at high concentrations (16.3 % at 1800 ppm). By performing simulated in vitro digestion to study the interaction between MSG and protein digestion, followed by MTT study, total protein determination, and pH drop method, all results concluded that MSG affected proteolysis. Finally, the impact of MSG on lipolysis was studied through a free fatty acid release test. The results of the study demonstrated that MSG harmed fat digestibility in a concentration-dependent manner. As a result, it is essential to conduct further studies, especially in vivo studies, to determine the potential negative effects of MSG on human health.

There are a numerous count of food additives consumed by human every day, in this research paper we focused on XRD and FTIR physical characterization of ascorbic acid and mono sodium glutamate as two of the most common used food additives, The structural analysis of ascorbic acid reveals that it has a monoclinic crystal structure with particle size in the nanoscale (41.496 ± 12.96 nm). While the structural analysis for monosodium glutamate reveals that it has a polycrystalline nature with particle size in the Nano scale (40.13 ± 12.6 nm).

Wounds can be a result of surgery, an accident, or other factors. There is still a challenge to find effective topical wound-healing agents. This study aims to investigate the wound-healing activity of chemical and green synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) using Lawsonia inermis leaves extract. The nanoparticles were morphologically and chemically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Forty-five adult female albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. The cutaneous surgical wounds were topically treated with 0.9% normal saline (control group), green Ch-NPs (second group), and chemical Ch-NPs gels (third group), respectively. The clinical picture of wounds and histopathological changes were assessed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed great crystallinity and purity of nanoparticles. The studied nanoparticles increased the wound contraction percent (WC%), reduced healing time and wound surface area (WSA), and these results were backed up by histological findings that indicated improved epithelialization, dermal differentiation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis in treated rats compared with control rats (p < 0.05). We concluded that the wound-healing effects of the studied nanoparticles are encouraging, and further studies for complete assessment are still needed.

Wound healing is one of the utmost medical issues in human and veterinary medicine, which explains the urgent need for developing new agents that possess wound healing activities. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of green and chemical zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for wound healing. ZnO-NPs (green using Lawsonia inermis leaf extract and chemical) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The gels containing the nanomaterials were prepared and inspected. Forty-five albino rats were divided into three groups, the control group was treated with normal saline 0.9%, and the other two groups were treated with gels containing green or chemical ZnO-NPs, respectively. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-treatment (PT), the wounds were clinicopathologically examined. Both nanomaterials have good crystallinity and high purity, but green ZnO-NPs have a longer nanowire length and diameter than chemical ZnO-NPs. The formed gels were highly viscous with a pH of 6.5 to 7. The treated groups with ZnO-NP gels showed clinical improvement, as decreased wound surface area (WSA) percent (WSA%), increased wound contraction percent (WC%), and reduced healing time (p

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are one of the most well-studied inorganic nanoparticles for many applications. They offer the advantages of tunable size, biocompatibility, porous structure, and larger surface area. Thus, in this study, a high yield of SiO2 NPs was produced via the chemical treatment of rice husk ash by the sol–gel method. Characteristics of the prepared SiO2 NPs were validated using different characterization techniques. Accordingly, the phase, chemical composition, morphological, and spectroscopic properties of the prepared sample were studied. The average particle size of the SiO2 NPs was found to be approximately 60–80 nm and the surface area was 78.52 m²/g. The prepared SiO2 NPs were examined as photocatalysts for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye under UV irradiation. It was found that the intensity of the characteristic absorption band of MO decreased gradually with exposure time increasing, which means the successful photodegradation of MO by SiO2 NPs. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of obtained SiO2 NPs was investigated by counting the coliform bacteria in the surface water using the most probable number (MPN) index method. The results revealed that the MPN of coliform bacteria untreated and treated by SiO2 NPs was estimated to be 170 CFU/100 mL and 10 CFU/100 mL, respectively, resulting in bacterial growth inhibition of 94.12%.

In this study, Titanium dioxide nanostructures were hydrothermally synthesized at different temperatures 130, 170 and 200 °C. The structural properties and crystallite size of TiO2 nanostructures were confirmed through XRD analyses. Moreover, the morphologies were confirmed using TEM analyses. These analyses confirmed the formation of single phase TiO2 nanostructures. The average crystallite size for the TiO2 nanostructures synthesized at different hydrothermal temperatures of 130, 170, and 200 °C was found to be 11.5 nm, 5.3 nm, and 5 nm, respectively. The impact of changes in these morphologies on the physical characteristics and photokilling activity of cancer cells has been studied. The results showed that the photokilling activity of TiO2 nanostructures is morphology dependent, with TiO2 nanowires having the highest activity and nanosheets having the lowest under our experimental conditions.

Reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide (RGO/ZnO) nanocomposites were synthesized by facile hydrothermal method; this method consists of exfoliation of graphite with modified Hummer's method and synthesis of (RGO/ZnO) nanocomposites using hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, TEM and FT-IR spectroscopy were used for structure morphological characterization. Optical properties of the samples were studied by measuring their optical absorbance. It can be concluded from XRD analysis that there are improvements of crystallinity associated with the increase of the crystallite size, as well as the increase in both of the (Zn-O) bond length and unit cell volume with the increase of ZnO ratio in RGO/ZnO nanocomposites. The morphological studies confirmed that the scale of ZnO particles is large and the size distribution is not uniform in samples of RGO/ZnO and that most particles have average size of about 9 nm while some particles even have larger size. The optical absorption spectra show that the excitonic peak of the as-prepared samples is red shifted from 268 nm to 376 nm for reduced grapheme oxide (RGO) with the increase of ZnO ratio, and the optical band gap changes from 2.39 for pure RGO to 3.34 eV for pure ZnO. The effect of UV irradiation on the optical absorption nanocomposites at different UV doses was carried out using UV lamp.

This study is conducted to determine the effect of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhiziuim anisopliae ( M. ani), Beauveria bassiana (B.bas) and Aspergillus niger (A.niger) in some aspects subterrenene termites life under laboratory and field conditions . After one week of treatment there was significate difference among concentrate 4×106 and concentrates 2×106 and 1×106 but no significate difference among concentrates 2×106 and 1×106 of all treatments. In addition to there was significant difference among M.anisopliae and other fungi B.bassiana (Ballsamo) and A.niger, The fungi M.ansiopliae more effectiveness than B.bassiana and A.niger which the mortality rates were 22.5%, 15.0% and 13.3% to M.ansiopliae , B.bassiana and A.niger respectively. The LC50 for three fungi were 3.278×106, 4.6526×106 and 5.4982×106 for M.anisopliae, B.bassiana and A.niger, respectively. The higher concentrations 2×106spores/ml and 4×106 spores/ml the reduction percentages were 25.93, 19.43 and 11, 85% for 2×106 spores/ml and 61.52, 35.54 and 20.06% at 4×106 spores/ml for A.niger, B.bassiana and M.anisopliae, respectively . The run-down in the reduction % in treated traps with M. anisopliae concentrations of may be due to this reason. The reduction percentages for trap treated with concentrations of A. niger were height due to not attack by workers, due to the fungi A. niger has a repellent or an antipathetic effect to worker.

This study was aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of both green and chemical Zinc oxide Nanoparticles in equine. Ten animals (nine donkeys and one horse) suffered from traumatized infected or non-infected wounds were used in this study. The visible signs of wound infection were evaluated in six cases, while the other four cases were admitted with fresh recent wounds. Animals were topically treated once a day in and day out and monitored for three weeks. It was observed that, the macroscopic wound contraction percents in animals treated with green Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel in 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks were 45%, 76%, and 93.6% respectively. While, those which treated with chemical Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel were 40.4%, 67.2%, and 90.6% respectively. The study revealed that, green Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel accelerated the wound healing and cleared the wound infection faster when compared to chemical Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel. It was concluded that, topical green Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel can significantly accelerate the process of wound healing and clear the wound infections in wounded equine from clinical field cases.

Wound healing is one of the utmost medical issues in human and veterinary medicine, which explains the urgent need for developing new agents that possess wound-healing activities. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of green and chemical ZnO-NPs for wound healing. ZnO-NPs (chemical and green using Lawsonia inermis leaf extract) were synthesized and characterized by XRD; FTIR, and HRTEM. The gels containing the nanomaterials were prepared and inspected. Forty-five albino rats were divided into three groups, the control group was treated with normal saline 0.9 % and the other two groups were treated with gels containing green and chemical ZnO-NPs, respectively. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st dpt, the wounds were clinical and histologically examined. Both nanomaterials have good crystallinity and high purity, but green ZnO-NPs have a longer nanowire length and diameter than chemical ZnO-NPs. The formed gels were highly viscous with a pH of 6.5 to 7. Both prepared gels showed clinical improvements, such as a decrease in WSA and WSA%, increase in WC%, and reduced healing time (P LI mediated-ZnO-NPs were more effective.

This paper presents new design of ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo nanocomposites thin film solar cell based on individual and multiple nanocomposites absorber layer. A theoretical analysis is presented for enhancing the efficiency and characterization of individual and multiple nanocomposites CdS/Cu (In, Ga) Se2 thin film solar cell. Moreover, this paper is achieving high efficiency with a thinner CIGS layer for reducing the direct materials usage and there by the materials costs by adding various metallic nanoparticles in CIGS absorber layer .

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were synthesized by a surfactant-templated hydrothermal method at low temperature (75 °C) for photocatalytic applications. Investigation of structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), FT-IR and UV – vis absorption spectroscopy. The structural analysis confirmed a polycrystalline tetragonal anatase TiO2 phase with nanocrystalline structure and almost regular spherical shape. It has been found that the synthesized TiO2 NPs have an energy bandgap value between 4.42 and 4.46 eV; achieving a photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange dye of 81% to 88 % under UV visible light.

PbS nanoparticles having the suitability for power semiconductor devices, were synthesized by facile, effective, and surfactant-free hydrothermal method. The effect of reaction time on the morphology, microstructure and optical properties of PbS nanoparticles was investigated. The methods of XRD, TEM, HRTEM, EDX, FTIR and UV–VIS photometry measurements were used for PbS nanoparticles characterization. The reaction time was found to have an effective role in controlling the morphology, crystallinity, crystallite size, microstrain and optical band gap of the prepared samples.

Severe research attempts are still in progress to improve the performance of polyaniline (PAni) based photoactive layers as one of the cheapest materials used for manufacturing organic solar cells. Herein, polymer solar cells were fabricated with ITO/(PAni-TiO2)/Au system. The photoactive layers (PAni-TiO2) were treated with a hydrogen-plasma discharge for low processing time of 0, 3 and 5 min to enhance the synthesized solar cells efficiency. The morphology, micro structure and optical properties of the prepared samples and plasma treated nanocomposite layers were investigated and discussed. The performance of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cell samples have been systematically investigated before and after plasma treatment. The absorption and optical band gap energy is increased after the treated PAni-TiO2 photoactive layers. It is found that, the efficiency was enhanced to 0.7% after 5 min of hydrogen plasma process compared to 0.36% for the pristine cell. The efficiency increase is ascribed to a structural change that accompanied by a rapid increase in surface roughness, which leaded to a decrease in the reflected photons and in turn an increase in the produced charge carriers.

A facile synthesis approach was successfully used for the fabrication of Ag/SiO2 (nanofibers, NFs and nanoparticles, NPs) composite using a simple hydrothermal plasma method with the aid of stabilizing function and reducing agent of triethoxyvinylsilane (C8H18O3Si) and black carbon powder, respectively. The new synthesis approach proposed in this study will provide new insights towards the manufacturing of advanced nanocomposite materials with a wide range of properties and industrial applications. In this approach, AgNO3 was first adsorbed on the surfaces of silica via an electrostatic attraction between the silanol groups and Ag+ cations and NO anions. The adsorbed compounds at silica crystals were then reduced and protected by a mixture of carbon CO and H-2, at 500 and 650 degrees C for 20 min to enhance the reduction of silver nitrate to silver metal and finally obtain Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite. FESEM images revealed the formation of NFs having a uniform distribution and strictly straight morphology with 60-90 nm diameter and up to ca. 40 mu m length at 500 degrees C. By increasing the treatment temperature to 650 degrees C, well defined-NPs ranging from 23 to 26 nm were obtained. Our study suggests that the as-synthesized Ag/SiO2 nanocomposites with special morphological properties can be used for a variety of industrial applications including, catalysis, Raman spectroscopy and life science. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

In this work, the nanotechnology procedure was utilized to improve both the adhesion force and surface properties of graphene oxide (GO) films. GO has been obtained in a powder form by oxidation purified graphite using the modified Hummer’s technique. Different films of GO nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited using several types of solvents distilled water, acetone, ethanol, dimethyl formamide (DMF) or ethylene glycol. Examination of structural and optical properties of GO films were studied by XRD and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, electrical properties, surface roughness, contact angle, adhesion force, wetting energy and spreading coefficient were investigated. It was observed that the properties of the prepared films are influenced by the solvent type. The electrical resistivity of films is highly dependent on the solvent type which exhibited the lowest value with distilled water. Furthermore, GO film synthesized with distilled water has the best values of adhesion force and average surface roughness (Ra) 143.4 mN/m and ∼ 7.83 μm, respectively. These results are mostly attributed to hydrophilic cites and GO NPs agglomeration in the surface of films and the effects of their size leading to an expansion in the surface roughness.