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2. Pedagogical Implications of Corpus-Based Approaches to ELT in Pakistan

Author

Zahra, Tehseen and Abbas, Akhtar

Abstract

The advent of corpora has opened new vistas for language study and restructured linguists' and academicians' approaches to lexicography and English language teaching (ELT). After 1980s, the use of online language corpora and computer tools garnered tremendous attention of English language teachers and academicians. Keeping in view the modern trends and needs of learners, this research focused on the practical implications of online corpora for ELT and its utility in the Pakistani context. Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE) is used as a reference corpus for this research. MICASE is a collection of nearly 1.8 million words of transcribed speech (almost two hundred hours of recording). The transcribed data of MICASE includes wide range of speech events like seminars, lectures, advisory meetings and lab sessions. The study identified the utility of lexical items at syntactic level and its usage in various contexts. Furthermore, the layers of meanings and uses of lexicons through in-depth study of right and left collocates were explored in the reference corpus. The results showed that lexicons can be used as noun, verb and adjective depending upon the context of the study and right and left collocates play a significant role in understanding the meanings of lexical items in various contexts. Thus, this strategy can be fruitful for English language learners and academic discourse community who are interested in understanding the versatile uses of lexical items and their contextual meaning.

Published
2018

3. Fixed points of automorphisms of certain non-cyclic $p$-groups and the dihedral group

Author

Abbas, Akhtar, Hayat, Umar, and López-Aguayo, Daniel

Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory
Abstract

Let $G=\mathbf{Z}_{p} \oplus \mathbf{Z}_{p^2}$, where $p$ is a prime number. Suppose that $d$ is a divisor of the order of $G$. In this paper we find the number of automorphisms of $G$ fixing $d$ elements of $G$, and denote it by $\theta(G,d)$. As a consequence, we prove a conjecture of Checco-Darling-Longfield-Wisdom. We also find the exact number of fixed-point-free automorphisms of the group $\mathbf{Z}_{p^{a}} \oplus \mathbf{Z}_{p^{b}}$, where $a$ and $b$ are positive integers with $a

Published
2018
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9. Climate Change Impact on Groundwater-Based Livelihood in Soan River Basin of Pakistan (South Asia) Based on the Perception of Local Farmers

Author

Ahmad, Bashir, Nadeem, Muhammad Umer, Liu, Tie, Asif, Muhammad, Rizvi, Filza Fatima, Kamran, Ali, Virk, Zeeshan Tahir, Jamil, Muhammad Khalid, Mustafa, Naveed, Saeed, Salar, Abbas, Akhtar, Ahmad, Bashir, Nadeem, Muhammad Umer, Liu, Tie, Asif, Muhammad, Rizvi, Filza Fatima, Kamran, Ali, Virk, Zeeshan Tahir, Jamil, Muhammad Khalid, Mustafa, Naveed, Saeed, Salar, and Abbas, Akhtar

Abstract

Based on the perceptions of the local farmers, this study aims to assess the effects of socioeconomic factors and climatic change on the groundwater livelihood system, with a particular focus on in situ Persian wheels/dug wells. Farmers’ perceptions of climate change and how it is affecting their way of life in the Soan River Basin have also been evaluated to determine the most appropriate adaptive interventions. Information and literature about dug wells was unavailable, which stressed the need to carry out this survey. A structured close-ended questionnaire was designed and administered with as much quantitative data as possible. Random sampling opted for a 5 km buffer zone across the Soan River and its tributaries. Union councils having more than 50% of their area lying in the buffer zone were surveyed, and data was collected. Fifty UCs fell within this criterion, and six dug wells from each Union Council were surveyed. The results of our survey collecting local farmer’s perceptions determined that about 70% of respondents agreed about climate change in the Soan Basin of Pakistan, and 62% of farmers reported that climate change severely impacted their livelihood by affecting agricultural productivity and water availability. Ninety-two percent reported summer becoming hot, 72% highlighted that winters are becoming less cold, and 96% reported that average annual rainfall has decreased compared to 10 years before. About 72% of respondents indicated that available water in their dug wells had decreased, and 80% of respondents explained that their crop yield had decreased compared to 10 years before. Sixty percent preferred drip and 35% sprinkler irrigation as efficient water management practices to cope with water shortages. Ninety-five percent of farmers were ready to use solar pumps for irrigation to tame high pumping costs. The study recommends integrating solar pumping with drip and sprinkler irrigation systems to enhance farmers’ cropped area and productivity. T

Published
2023

10. Climate Change Impact on Groundwater-Based Livelihood in Soan River Basin of Pakistan (South Asia) Based on the Perception of Local Farmers

Author

Ahmad, Bashir, primary, Nadeem, Muhammad Umer, additional, Liu, Tie, additional, Asif, Muhammad, additional, Rizvi, Filza Fatima, additional, Kamran, Ali, additional, Virk, Zeeshan Tahir, additional, Jamil, Muhammad Khalid, additional, Mustafa, Naveed, additional, Saeed, Salar, additional, and Abbas, Akhtar, additional

Published
2023
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15. Research Publication Trends in Library Management Journal: A Bibliometric Analysis (2013-2020)

Author

Awan, Waqar Ahmad, Abbas, Akhtar, Mr., Siddique, Nadeem, Dr., Idrees, Haroon, Dr., Khan, Muhammad Ajmal, Mr., Awan, Waqar Ahmad, Abbas, Akhtar, Mr., Siddique, Nadeem, Dr., Idrees, Haroon, Dr., and Khan, Muhammad Ajmal, Mr.

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to explore the research trends of the documents, authors, countries’ share, and impacts created by studies in form of citation in a scholarly journal titled Library Management from 2013 to 2020. To meet the purpose, a bibliometric analysis of 369 documents published in the Library Management was done. The findings indicate that most of the documents published in the Library Management were articles. The overall average citation per document is 3.70. The journal has been publishing 47 documents per year. Authorship patterns indicate that there were 158 documents published in the Library Management written by solo authors. The average per article author number is just below two that is 1.74 average authors per paper. Additionally, the study indicated that Library Management published the quality research from across the globe, and on diverse aspect related to the library and information management. There is no study conducted which investigated the above-mentioned aspects of Library Management during the year 2013 to 2020. Therefore, this study evaluates the research publication trends of this important journal which is put in X category (2nd best category) by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Published
2021

17. Discourse Functions of Lexical Bundles in Pakistani Chemistry and Physics Textbooks.

Author

Hussain, Gulfam, Zahra, Tehseen, and Abbas, Akhtar

Subjects
TEXTBOOKS, PAKISTANIS, ELECTRONIC textbooks, WRITTEN communication, ORAL communication, ACADEMIC discourse
Abstract

Lexical bundles (LBs) are indispensable building blocks and essential constituents of academic discourse. The appropriate utilization of the lexical bundle's approach can effectively enhance students' understanding of academic discourse. LBs in various academic genres have extensively been studied concerning written and spoken language. However, less research has been conducted to explore the occurrence, nature, and frequency of LBs in Pakistani academic discourse, especially in textbooks. Therefore, the present study aims to explore four-word common LBs and their functional taxonomies employed in Pakistani Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) level textbooks of Chemistry and Physics. A specialized corpus of these textbooks was built which was run on Antconc software for the identification and extraction of the LBs in the corpus. The classification of the identified LBs was then carried out utilizing Biber functional taxonomies of LBs. The study found 102 LBs occurring in the selected textbooks. In functional categories, there was a dominant use of discourse organizers and referential expressions. The findings related to frequent strings of words which can have significant educational implications for teachers, language material developers, and syllabus designers. The list of LBs with discourse functions provided by this study can significantly be used to enhance students' academic writing and their ability to comprehend different types of scientific texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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18. Corpus Driven Critical Discourse Analysis of 2020 Presidential Election Campaign Tweets of Donald Trump and Joe Biden.

Author

Abbas, Akhtar and Zahra, Tehseen

Subjects
CRITICAL discourse analysis, PRESIDENTIAL elections, SOCIAL media
Abstract

Twitter as a tool for opinion-making, building repertoire, and winning fame has achieved its maximum use and influence especially by coming under the fingertips of the politicians. Its socio-political impact can easily be gauged by examining its role in various social and political situations. However, the role of social media tools especially Twitter has become very crucial and decisive in electoral campaigns all over the world in general and US presidential elections in particular. The social media wings, supporters of the political parties, hired companies, and the candidates themselves become very active users of the innovative use of Twitter for campaigning to win elections (Ferrara, Chang, Chen, Muric & Patel, 2020). The current study intends to explore concurrent themes/issues highlighted in tweets of Donald Trump and Joe Biden made during the 2020 presidential election campaign in the USA. Only the written tweets from September 02, 2020, to November 17, 2020, were collected for the analysis. Corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis as two methodological strands for data analysis and interpretations were used as analytical and theoretical frameworks respectively. These two strands were used to identify the discursive practices related to the construction and propagation of the political ideologies owned by Donald Trump and Joe Biden. The concordances of the six most frequent words were generated and analyzed in order to identify the most unique themes/issues to the election campaign. These themes include ideological stands of both candidates on Covid-19 policies, environmental issues, racial unrest, and othering each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

20. Aerodynamic Design Optimization of Residential Scale Wind Turbine Blades for Lower Wind Speeds

Author

NAQVİ, Messam Abbas, ABBAS, Akhtar, HAMİD, Maria, TARAR, Hasan, and AHMAD, Luqman

Subjects
Wind Turbine Design,Blade Optimization,Blade Element Momentum Theory,Generalized Dynamic Wake Modeling,Wind Energy
Abstract

Sustainable power generation using wind energy has been actively pursued around the world in the last few decades. Typical off the shelf commercially available wind turbines are optimized to produce rated output power at design wind speeds of 9 m/s to 15 m/s and performance significantly degrades at off- design lower wind speeds. Such high wind speeds are not available in South East Asia in general and Pakistan in particular. Hence, commercially available high wind speed turbine solutions have not been able to produce the manufacturer’s suggested power values at lower wind speeds of 6 m/s to 7 m/s. A need has been felt to aerodynamically optimize the wind turbine blades for lower wind speeds with an aim to increase the aerodynamic efficiency of power extraction as compared to commercially available high wind speed turbines. The blades for a domestic scale horizontal axis wind turbine have been aerodynamically optimized at wind speeds of 6 m/s to 7 m/s in order to produce maximum power output with a 5 ft blade length. The power output of aerodynamically optimized blades has been compared with the power produced by commercially available wind turbine blades having same span designed for 10 m/sec wind speed. The optimized blades not only produced at least 10% increased power but have also shown lesser structural bending under the same operating conditions. This paper aims at highlighting the methodology adapted for aerodynamic design optimization of domestic scale wind turbine blades at lower wind speeds of 6 m/s to 7 m/s along with the design and analysis tools/techniques used during this research.

Published
2016

21. Nature Inspired Flying Vehicles and Future Challenges in Aerospace

Author

NAQVİ, Messam, ABBAS, Akhtar, RAZA, Hassan, and HAMİD, Maria

Subjects
Micro Air Vehicle,Nano Air Vehicle,Low Reynolds No,Aerial Robotics / Mikro hava taşıtları,Nano Hava Taşıtları,Düşük Reynold Sayısı,Antenli Robotik, Engineering, Mühendislik
Abstract

Modern kent savaşı meydan okumaları kirli, mat ve tehlikeli (D3) çevre sınırlarında uçabilen yüksek çeviklikte, uçan makineleri gerektirmiştir. Havacılık ve malzeme alanındaki son teknolojik gelişmeler kuşların ve böceklerinkine benzer tasarımların ve uçuş rejimlerinin keşfini ortaya çıkarmıştır. 6 inch ölçüye kadar olan tüm boyutlardaki robotlar Mikro Hava Taşıtları (Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs)) olarak, 1 inch ve daha küçük ölçüde olan olanlar Nano Hava Taşıtları (Nano Air Vehicles (NAVs)) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu uçuş rejiminde, basit tasarımları nedeni ile genelde sabit kanat antenli taşıtlar tercih edilmiştir ancak bunların gezinme yetenekleri yoktur. Döner kanatlı tasarımlar da gezinme yeteneği ilavesi ile takip edebilir olmuştur ancak bunlar, havada daha hızlı hareket edemezler ve dahili bataryalarının kapasiteleri ve ebatları yüzünden dayanıklılıkları sınırlıdır. Kuşların ve böceklerin manevra kabiliyetlerini takip edebilmek için, aynı kanat yapısını etkili bir şekilde kullanılarak itme ve kalkma hareketlerini yapabilen çırpan kanat tasarımları gerekmektedir. Gelecekte, malzemeler, üretim teknolojisi ve elektronik minyatürizasyon alanlarındaki gelişmeler, çok titiz görev profilleri ile doğal kuş ve böceklere benzer çırpan kanatlı robotların tasarım ve gelişimine imkan sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışma, kent savaşları boyunca karşılaşılacak olan meydan okumalarda böcek ve kuş uçuşlarını taklit eden çırpan kanatlı tasarımların gerekliliğini vurgulamayı amaçlanmıştır., The challenges of modern urban warfare require high agility flying machines capable of flight in confined dirty, dull and dangerous (D3) environments. Recent technological advancements in the field of aerospace and materials have enabled the exploration of flight regimes and designs similar to those of birds and insects. Flying robots with a size limit of 6 inches in all dimensions are called Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) [1] and smaller ones with the size constraint of 1 inch are termed Nano Air Vehicles (NAVs). Fixed wing aerial vehicles are generally preferred in this flight regime due to simplistic design but these lack the hovering capability. Rotary wing designs are also being pursued with added hovering capability, but these cannot move faster through the air and their endurance is limited by the size and capacity of on-board batteries. In order to mimic the maneuverability of birds and insects, flapping wing designs are required which could produce lift and thrust efficiently using the same wing planform. Future, advancements in materials, manufacturing technology and miniaturization of electronics will enable design and development of flapping wing robots similar to natural birds and insects with very demanding mission profiles. This paper aims at highlighting the future requirements of urban warfare along with the challenges being faced to pursue flapping wing designs mimicking insects and birds flight.

Published
2015

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