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This study aims to reveal the dynamics of the relationship between Kiai and santri in traditional pesantren. This research deconstructs the relationship between Kiai and Santri in the Indonesian socio-cultural context. Through a critical approach, this study examines the dynamics of power and cultural influences that color the relationship. By analyzing various sources, this study reveals the complexity of the Kiai and Santri relationship that goes beyond the traditional teacher-student relationship. The results show that the relationship between Kiai and santri in traditional pesantren is built on the basis of strong religious and cultural values. Kiai holds a central role as a spiritual leader and teacher, while santri place themselves as obedient and respectful students. This relationship is characterized by a clear hierarchy, where Kiai has great authority and influence over santri. However, the dynamics of this relationship do not always run smoothly. There are potential conflicts that arise due to differences in interpretation of religious values, differences in socio-economic backgrounds, and the influence of changing times. Kiai are required to be able to maintain a balance between maintaining traditional values and adjusting to the demands of the times and their relevance to social and political changes affecting the relationship between Kiai and Santri Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dinamika hubungan antara Kiai dan santri di pesantren tradisional. Penelitian ini mendekonstruksi hubungan Kiai dan Santri dalam konteks sosial-kultural Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan kritis, penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika kekuasaan dan pengaruh budaya yang mewarnai hubungan tersebut. Dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber, penelitian ini mengungkap kompleksitas hubungan Kiai dan Santri yang melampaui relasi guru-murid tradisional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan Kiai dan santri di pesantren tradisional dibangun atas dasar nilai-nilai religius dan kultural yang kuat. Kiai memegang peran sentral sebagai pemimpin spiritual dan guru, sementara santri menempatkan diri sebagai murid yang patuh dan hormat. Hubungan ini ditandai dengan hierarki yang jelas, di mana Kiai memiliki otoritas dan pengaruh yang besar terhadap santri. Namun, dinamika hubungan ini tidak selalu berjalan mulus. Terdapat potensi konflik yang muncul akibat perbedaan interpretasi nilai-nilai agama, perbedaan latar belakang sosial-ekonomi, dan pengaruh perubahan zaman. Kiai dituntut untuk mampu menjaga keseimbangan antara mempertahankan nilai-nilai tradisional dan menyesuaikan diri dengan tuntutan zaman serta relevansinya dengan perubahan sosial dan politik memengaruhi hubungan Kiai dan Santri

The limited availability of corneal tissue grafts poses significant challenges in the treatment of corneal blindness. Novel treatment utilizes stem cell grafts transplanted from the healthy side of the cornea to the damaged side. However, this procedure is only possible for those who have one-sided corneal blindness. Human stem cells offer promising potential for corneal tissue engineering, providing an alternative solution. Among the different types of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) stand out due to their abundance and ease of isolation. Human MSCs can be derived from bone marrow, adipose, and umbilical cord tissues. Differentiating MSC toward corneal tissue can be achieved through several methods including chemical induction and co-culture with adult corneal cells such as human limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) and human corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the most common type of MSC that has been studied for corneal differentiation. Corneal epithelial cells are the most common corneal cell type targeted by researchers for corneal differentiation. Chemical induction with small molecules, especially bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), has gained more popularity in corneal epithelial cell differentiation. This review highlights the current progress in utilizing MSCs for corneal differentiation studies, showcasing their potential to revolutionize treatments for corneal blindness.

Background: Micronutrient deficiency, including iron, vitamin A, B-12 and folic acid, can cause anemia and harm adolescent health. Accurate dietary assessment methods is crucial to detect micronutrient deficiencies, but existing methods, have limitations, necessitating a review to identify the accurate methods for assessing micronutrient intake in adolescents. Objectives: To determine the accuracy of dietary assessment methods as suitable option for measuring micronutrient intake in adolescents. Methods: This study utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) flowchart approach. Article were identified from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Articles were included if participants aged 10-19 years, published between 2014-2024, written in English/Indonesian, original research articles and studies related to validation of dietary assessment methods for micronutrient intake. The keywords were "micronutrient intake" OR "dietary intake" AND "dietary assessment" OR "validity" AND "adolescent". Discussions: 1157 articles were identified, 7 met the eligibility criteria, including 50 to 1081 adolescent. The Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) method was valid for sodium, niacin, folate, thiamine, calcium, phosphorus and reproducible for vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, β-carotene. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method was valid for riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, serum iron biomarkers, and reproducible for retinol, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, calcium. The 24-hour Dietary Recall (24hDR) method showed acceptable validity for serum iron biomarkers. Conclusions: The SQ-FFQ, completed by adolescents with instruction of nutritionist, using a shorter food list and time intervals, has higher relative validity and reproducibility.

Abstract Cotton is the most widely used natural cellulosic polymer and polyester is a synthetic polymer. The use of polyester fiber is increasing gradually day by day due to its strength and longevity, while the use of cotton fiber is decreasing due to its unavailability. At present, the use of cotton‐polyester composites is ubiquitous. This research work aims to assess the physical, mechanical and comfort properties of the woven fabric using cotton‐polyester composite yarns in a weft direction and coarser yarn count because of the use of these fabrics in the future for the denim manufacturing process. Four different samples were fabricated by using 100% cotton (10 Ne) yarn in the warp direction and 100% cotton, cotton‐polyester composite, and 100% polyester yarn in the weft direction of the fabric. Similar fabric and machine parameters were maintained for manufacturing all the samples. The samples were then tested for areal density, tensile strength, thickness, abrasion resistance and pilling, drape, flexural rigidity, and air permeability to find the optimum capability of the fabric. Physico‐mechanical properties with the proportion of increasing polyester components in fabrics improves areal density (184 to 199 g/m2), strength (almost 19 times in weft direction), drape (0.655% to 0.789%), and flexural rigidity (almost double). On the other hand, increasing comfortability properties with the proportion of cotton components in fabrics improve air permeability (139.85 to 159.58 cc/s/cm2), abrasion (only 3.036% mass loss), and pilling resistance (grading 4 after 2000 cycles). Highlights Composite yarns made of cotton and polyester provide a method of improving fabric properties for better performance. Higher proportions of cotton make clothes more breathable and less likely to pill and wear out. Polyester parts make fabrics stronger, more durable, and less likely to wear out. Cotton‐polyester composites are ideal and have potential for various textile applications. Blending natural and synthetic fibers composite allows for customized fabrics that meet specific performance needs without compromising comfort.

Abstract Background Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), primarily affecting the elderly, are marked by complex pathophysiological processes and are projected to become the second leading cause of death. Parkinson’s disease (PD), one of the most common NDs, is characterized by motor impairments due to reduced dopamine levels in the substantia nigra (SN), a crucial midbrain region involved in motor control and reward mechanisms. PD also impacts cognitive functions, potentially leading to depression and sleep disturbances. Recent research highlights the importance of MAO-B inhibitors in PD management, as these enzymes play a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter levels by catalyzing the oxidative deamination of intracellular amines and monoamine neurotransmitters. Result Computational virtual screening of several quinoline-based ligands against the target protein MAO-B (PDB ID: 1OJA) was performed using molecular docking simulation and ADMET studies to identify promising inhibitors for neurodegenerative disease treatment. The most active hit, Compound PA001, exhibited a MolDock score of − 207.76 kcal/mol. Subsequent investigation of 6-methoxy-2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoline (Compound PA001) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with GROMACS revealed potent inhibition and significant interactions at key active site residues. MD simulations confirmed the stability of the Compound PA001-MAO-B complex under physiological conditions. Additionally, ADMET analysis demonstrated that Compound PA001 possesses favorable drug-like properties, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiles. These findings underscore 6-methoxy-2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoline (Compound PA001) as a promising candidate for developing new MAO-B inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion The research highlighted 6-methoxy-2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoline (Compound PA001) as a promising MAO-B inhibitor, exhibiting strong binding affinity, stability, and desirable drug-like characteristics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Among the top ten molecules, Compound PA001 was selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using GROMACS. The compound showed potent inhibition, significant interactions with key active site residues, and stable complex formation under physiological conditions. ADMET analysis further confirmed its favorable pharmacokinetic profile.

Abstract Agricultural activities in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are subject to various risk factors that the COVID-19 compounds. Earlier studies on the effect of COVID-19 on smallholders neglect the issue of comparison with non-farm households. The study uses micro-level household datasets to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household welfare, with a focus on farm households relative to their non-farm counterparts. We employed a binary probit model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach and demonstrated that farm households witnessed important income reductions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. The study contributes to the design of evidence-based approaches to reducing farmers’ vulnerabilities to agricultural risks and pandemic-related shocks.

Abstract Background Gadolinium (Gd) is an increasingly found lanthanide element in soil; thus, understanding its impact on plant physiology, biochemistry, and molecular responses is crucial. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of Gd (150 mg kg− 1) impacts on guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) plant yield and metabolism and whether the symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mitigate Gd toxicity of soil contamination. Results AMF treatment improved mineral nutrient uptake and seed yield by 38–41% under Gd stress compared to non-inoculated stressed plants. Metabolic analysis unveiled the defense mechanisms adopted by AMF-treated plants, revealing carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations to withstand Gd contamination. This included an increase in the synthesis of primary metabolites, such as total sugar (+ 39% compared to control), soluble sugars (+ 29%), starch (+ 30%), and some main amino acids like proline (+ 57%) and phenylalanine (+ 87%) in the seeds of AMF-treated plants grown under Gd contamination. Furthermore, fatty acid and organic acid profile changes were accompanied by the production of secondary metabolites, including tocopherols, polyamines, phenolic acids, flavones, and anthocyanins. Conclusions Overall, the coordinated synthesis of these compounds underscores the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying plant-AMF interactions and highlights the potential of AMF to modulate plant secondary metabolism for enhanced Gd stress tolerance.

Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant neoplasm which is classified into various types defined by underlying molecular factors such as estrogen receptor positive (ER+), progesterone receptor positive (PR+), human epidermal growth factor positive (HER2+) and triple negative (TNBC). Early detection of ER+ and TNBC is crucial in the choice of diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategy. Here we report the key genes associated to ER+ and TNBC using RNA-Seq analysis and machine learning models. Three ER+ and TNBC RNA seq datasets comprising 164 patients in-toto were selected for standard NGS hierarchical data processing and data analyses protocols. Enrichment pathway analysis and network analysis was done and finally top hub genes were identified. To come with a reliable classifier which could distinguish the distinct transcriptome patterns associated to ER+ and TNBC, ML models were built employing Naïve Bayes, SVM and kNN. 1730 common DEG’s exhibiting significant logFC values with 0.05 p-value threshold were identified. A list of top ten hub genes were screened on the basis of maximal clique centrality (MCC) which included CDC20, CDK1, BUB1, AURKA, CDCA8, RRM2, TTK, CENPF, CEP55 and NDC80.These genes were found to be involved in crucial cell cycle pathways. k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) model was observed to be best classifier with accuracy 84%, specificity 66% and sensitivity 95% to differentiate between ER+ and TNBC RNA-Seq transcriptomes. Our screened list of 10 hub genes can thus help unearth novel molecular signatures implicated in ER+ and TNBC onset, prognosis and design of novel protocols for breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate acute stroke care services in Sindh province of Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted from January to May 2024, assessed stroke care services in hospitals across Sindh, Pakistan. The study included hospitals that admitted more than one stroke patient per month and excluded facilities such as maternity homes and rehabilitation centers. Data were collected via structured proformas from hospital administrators through phone and email, focusing on stroke admissions, acute services, and rehabilitation capabilities. Informed consent was obtained, and ethical approval was granted by the Shifa International Hospital Ethical Committee. Data analysis utilized SPSS version 20 for continuous and categorical variables. RESULTS: Among the 34 surveyed hospitals, 15(44.1%) treated 1 to 10 stroke patients monthly, and 14 (41.2%) admitted over 300 patients annually. Neurologists were on staff in 15(44.1%) of hospitals, and 13 (38.2%) had stroke-trained physicians available 24/7. CT brain scans were accessible 24/7 in 23 (67.6%) of hospitals, with 19(55.9%) prioritizing these scans for stroke patients. Stroke units and 24/7 availability of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) were available in 07 (20.6%) of hospitals only. Inpatient rehabilitation facilities were available in 21(61.8%) of hospitals, and 13 (38.2%) collaborated with external rehabilitation centers. Community stroke awareness programs were established in 12 (35.3%) of hospitals, and 09 (26.5%) had designed stroke prevention programs. CONCLUSION: The study highlights significant gaps in acute stroke care services in Sindh, Pakistan, emphasizing the need for improved access to thrombolytic therapy, specialized training, and community awareness programs.

Abstract This paper investigates the disparity between matter and antimatter in the universe with the help of gravitational baryogenesis. This phenomenon commenced shortly after the big bang, resulting in a predominance of matter over antimatter. We analyze the mechanism of gravitational baryogenesis (baryon to entropy ratio) under the framework of f(Q, C) gravity, where Q indicates non-metricity scalar and C denotes the boundary term. This Phenomenon depends on the charge parity violation interaction and for this paper we produce it with the coupling between baryon matter current ( $$j^{\nu }$$ j ν ) and $$\partial _{\nu }(Q+C)$$ ∂ ν ( Q + C ) . In the present work, we evaluate he baryon to entropy ratio ( $$\frac{\eta _{_B}}{S}$$ η B S ) by proposing two models of f(Q, C) with the assumption of power-law scale factor for each model and the universe contains perfect fluid throughout. We find that under optimal choice of model parameters, the results of $$\frac{\eta _{_B}}{S}$$ η B S of propose models in f(Q, C) are compatible with the observational bound. The crux of the current work is that the outcomes of our propose models for generalized case of gravitational baryogenesis are consist with its observational constraint in different eras of the Universe.

Digital technology has an impact on people's lifestyles and behavior after the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to analyze (1) how digital technology works as a determinant of lifestyle in marginalized communities after the Covid-19 pandemic disaster? (2) how digital technology affects the behavior of marginalized communities after the Covid-19 pandemic disaster? (3) what is the direction of the social effects of digitalization on marginalized communities after the Covid-19 pandemic disaster? This research was conducted in Makassar, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia using an exploratory-sequential design. Data collection utilized in-depth interviews, observations, surveys, and literature studies. Qualitative data analysis techniques using the 3-step technique and quantitative data analysis using frequency tabulation. The results of this study are: (1) digital technology as a determinant of lifestyle in marginalized communities through as a means of communication, as a means of building social networks, as the source of knowledge and information, as a means of transactions, as entertainment facility. (2) digital technology affects the behavior of marginalized communities in the form of having many social media accounts, appearing on social media, becoming part of the socialite, frequently post daily activities on social media, appear post attractive appearances on social media, shop via online stores. (3) the direction of the social effect of digital technology will become a necessity and part of human life. In conclusion, digital technology affects people's behavior and lifestyle until after the Covid-19 pandemic disaster.

Perbaikan genetik klon kopi robusta anjuran menjadi alternatif untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas klon kopi robusta di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi klon-klon kopi Robusta melalui karakterisasi morfologi dan pendekatan digital image. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Sumber Asin, Malang dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman. Bahan genetik tanaman terdiri dari lima klon robusta yaitu BP 308, BP 409, BP 534, BP 936, BP 939 sebagai faktor perlakuan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu klon dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan klon kopi Robusta memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata pada semua karakter kuantitatif kecuali pada karakter jumlah cluster per cabang, panjang daun, dan lebar buah. Perbedaan nyata juga ditunjukkan pada karakter digital image yaitu nilai Red dan nilai Green pada fase daun muda dan daun dewasa. Hasil pengelompokan menunjukkan bahwa grup pertama terdiri dari BP 939 dan grup kedua terdiri dari BP 308, BP 409, BP 936, dan BP 534. Grup kedua memiliki dua subgrup dengan jarak ketidakmiripan 30%. Subgrup 1 terdiri dari BP 308, sedangkan subgrup 2 terdiri dari BP 409, BP 936, dan BP 534. Berdasarkan studi ini, informasi terkait kekerabatan klon-klon kopi Robusta yang telah dilepas dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk program persilangan masa depan.

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that mainly causes joint damage. The patient experiences loss of appetite, pain, fever, and fatigue. The present study was designed to phytochemically characterize and evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of green-synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) using the hydroalcoholic extract of Bistorta amplexicaulis roots in an adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model.Material and MethodsFor this purpose, crude powdered plant material was used for proximate analysis, and the plant extract was assessed for qualitative phytochemical analysis, mineral contents, and flavonoid and phenolic contents, as well as quantitative phytochemical analysis through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The in vitro antioxidant activity of both extracts was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The biosynthesized CuO NPs from the Bistorta amplexicaulis extract showed anti-arthritic activity due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols, which showed a pain reliever effect by blocking the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme and has immune suppressant activity, thus securing the joint from destruction. The nanoparticles were characterized by zeta size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FTIR spectroscopy. Forty-eight albino rats were divided randomly into six treatment groups.Results and DisscussionThe zeta size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were 186.8 nm and −9.23 mV, respectively. Joint stiffness, spleen weight, thymus weight, and paw thickness showed a significant decrease after treatment with NPs. The hematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin showed a significant increase, while platelets and white blood cells (WBCs) showed a significant decrease in NP-treated groups. C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), liver and kidney function biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed a significant decrease at both low and high doses of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. The final data were analyzed by one way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multi-comparison test.ConclusionSo, from this study, it was concluded that both the plant root extract and green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles have anti-arthritic potential, but CuO NPs showed remarkable results.

Background Acacia nilotica is a multipurpose plant known for its remedial properties but the antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity of its pods remained unexplored. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity of n-hexane (ANPH) and methanol (ANPM) extracts of pods to scientifically validate their medicinal claims. Methods After the pharmacognostic evaluation of pods, in vitro tests were carried out to estimate phenolic and flavonoid content and antimicrobial potential. In vivo experiments involved testing of both extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) paracetamol (PCM)-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. The molecular docking studies explored insights into the potential binding capabilities of the ligands with the specific target proteins. Results ANPH and ANPM were enriched with phenols and flavonoids and showed antimicrobial effects. In the hepatoprotective test, the rats chronically treated with extracts had a dose-dependent hepatoprotection as markers of liver functionality were notably reduced ( P < 0.05). The in silico studies revealed strong binding interactions of ergost-5-en-3-ol and oxiranyl methyl ester 9-octadecenoic acid with target proteins for antibacterial activity and hepatoprotective activity, respectively. Conclusion The antimicrobial and hepatoprotective potential of pods might be due to their phenols and flavonoids. The Pyrogallol, Ergost-5-en-3-and 9-octadecenoic acid might be bringing these remedial benefits through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

AbstractTeacher readiness is an important consideration in online teaching and learning (OTL). To achieve successful OTL, teachers should have sufficient hardware, technical skills, and access to the internet. Although many studies have focused on OTL, none has examined teachers’ readiness for student outcomes. To fill these gaps, this study aimed to reflect on the teacher readiness category for student outcomes in the South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. We examine quantitative closed-ended questionnaires and documents of students’ evaluation reports using descriptive statistics by leveraging the SPSS application. Teachers’ readiness was categorized as (1) very good (43.69%), (2) good (50.70%), (3) moderate (5.14%), or (4) poor or less (0.46%). Moreover, this study demonstrated that student outcomes in urban areas were better than those in suburban areas. This implies that the readiness category of teachers in urban areas is better than that of suburban OTL. The better the teacher readiness category, the higher the students’ online learning outcomes. Therefore, this study suggests that future research should focus on three areas: (1) how willing teachers are to change student outcomes by participating in class experiments; (2) why teachers do OTL; and (3) how competent principals are at doing OTL that works.

Fine-flavored cocoa is generally characterized by fresh bean color and sensory characteristics. However, these methods cannot be applied to progenies/hybrids because their colors may vary depending on their parents. Additionally, sensory evaluation lacks universal quality standards, necessitating robust complementary characterization methods. This study aimed to characterize the fine-flavor cacao in parent-hybrid combinations using widely targeted Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) and bean phenotype analysis. Fine-flavored cacao exhibits white-bean characteristics and a lighter color than forastero. Conversely, the hybrids displayed varying percentages of fresh bean color. Caffeine and organic acids (malic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid) were found to correspond to the characteristics of fine-flavored cacao. Each parent-hybrid combination demonstrated distinct flavor characteristics, with the ICCRI03-hybrid emerging as a promising clone, exhibiting flavor characteristics similar to those of its female parent (fine-flavor cacao). This information on flavor characteristics will be beneficial for further fine-flavored cacao selection.

This study explores the functions and meanings of belis, a traditional dowry or bride price in Manggarai culture, within marriage ceremonies in Mbuit Village, West Manggarai. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach grounded in symbolic interactionism, data were collected through in-depth interviews with cultural informants, supported by observation and literature review, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman three-step framework. The findings reveal that belis serves as a key cultural element, fostering social integration, promoting harmony, and preserving traditions in Manggarai marriages. Symbolically, belis represents the union of two families (social integration) and signifies an economic exchange. The study also highlights the challenges faced by families, particularly those from lower socio-economic backgrounds, in fulfilling the belis requirements, underscoring its deep cultural significance and the commitment it represents.

IntroductionThe genus Cedrela is one of the phytochemically rich genera of the family Meliaceae. In this study, two Cedrela species, namely, Cedrela odorata and Toona ciliata M. Roem (formerly Cedrela toona), were selected for in-depth phytochemical profiling with the aid of UPLC-ESI/MSn analysis followed by evaluation of their anti-diabetic potential through assessment of in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, alongside the molecular docking studies on these target enzymes.Materials and methodsUPLC-ESI/MSn technique was applied to tentatively identify the extracts. The anti-diabetic properties were assessed using BioVision α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor screening kits. Further, the molecular docking studies utilized PyRx® and Discovery Studio software.Results and discussionThe UPLC-ESI/MSn analysis led to the identification and quantification of 55 metabolites with their fragmentation patterns for the first time for these two species. Flavonoids represented the main identified class, followed by phenylpropanoids, terpenes, tannins, and others. The two species showed potent enzyme inhibition, where C. odorata and C. toona significantly inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 4.83 ± 0.01 and 3.50 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to pioglitazone (IC50 = 2.17 ± 0.23 μg/mL), while their α-glycosidase inhibitory properties were also potent with (IC50 = 7.17 ± 0.01 and 6.50 ± 0.69 μg/mL), respectively, compared to acarbose (IC50 = 4.83 ± 1.02 μg/mL). The enzyme inhibitory activities were further confirmed by in silico molecular docking of the main identified components with the respective binding sockets in both α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes.ConclusionThese promising results could pave the way for a novel discovery of natural phytoconstituents with potent anti-diabetic activity.

Thermal fronts are pivotal in shaping the marine ecosystem, influencing the presence and distribution of marine species. This study delves into the fluctuating patterns of thermal fronts in Indonesian waters, specifically focusing on the State Fisheries Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia, known as WPPNRI, 713. We identified the distribution and frequency of thermal fronts across different monsoon seasons. Utilizing the extended Cayula Cornillon Algorithm – Single Image Edge Detection (CCA-SIED), we deploy a precise methodology for detecting these fronts, relying on sea surface temperature (SST) gradients to identify specific periods and regions. Our analysis encompasses extensive satellite data collected from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 3. Our findings unveil distinct seasonal variations, with a decrease in thermal fronts during the west monsoon and a surge during the east monsoon. Moreover, we identify regional disparities, with denser thermal fronts observed in the southern and middle regions compared to the northern areas. Furthermore, our study underscores the critical need to integrate oceanographic data with fisheries management strategies to address the impacts of climate variability on marine resources. The observed relationships between thermal fronts, nutrient distribution, and fish migration emphasize the necessity for ongoing, localized monitoring to develop adaptive management solutions. This research marks a significant step in characterizing thermal fronts in WPPNRI 713, laying the groundwork for future investigations into other ecologically significant fronts, including those related to chlorophyll, salinity, and nutrients, thereby enhancing our understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics. Keywords: Cayula Cornillon; Fishing Zone; Marine Ecosystem; Sea Surface Temperature; Thermal Fronts

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are more than 200 nucleotides in length and do not encode proteins, play crucial roles in governing gene expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. These molecules demonstrate specific expression patterns in various tissues and developmental stages, suggesting their involvement in numerous developmental processes and diseases, notably cancer. Despite their widespread acknowledgment and the growing enthusiasm surrounding their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, the precise mechanisms through which lncRNAs function remain inadequately understood. A few lncRNAs have been studied in depth, providing valuable insights into their biological activities and suggesting emerging functional themes and mechanistic models. However, the extent to which the mammalian genome is transcribed into functional noncoding transcripts is still a matter of debate. This review synthesizes our current understanding of lncRNA biogenesis, their genomic contexts, and their multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis, highlighting their potential in cancer-targeted therapy. By exploring historical perspectives alongside recent breakthroughs, we aim to illuminate the diverse roles of lncRNA and reflect on the broader implications of their study for understanding genome evolution and function, as well as for advancing clinical applications.

Abstract While deep learning technologies have made remarkable progress in generating deepfakes, their misuse has become a well-known concern. As a result, the ubiquitous usage of deepfakes for increasing false information poses significant risks to the security and privacy of individuals. The primary objective of audio spoofing detection is to identify audio generated through numerous AI-based techniques. Several techniques for fake audio detection already exist using machine learning algorithms. However, they lack generalization and may not identify all types of AI-synthesized audios such as replay attacks, voice conversion, and text-to-speech (TTS). In this paper, a deep layered model, i.e., VGGish, along with an attention block, namely Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) for spoofing detection, is introduced. Our suggested model successfully classifies input audio into two classes: Fake and Real, converting them into mel-spectrograms, and extracting their most representative features due to the attention block. Our model is a significant technique to utilize for audio spoofing detection due to a simple layered architecture. It captures complex relationships in audio signals due to both spatial and channel features present in an attention module. To evaluate the effectiveness of our model, we have conducted in-depth testing using the ASVspoof 2019 dataset. The proposed technique achieved an EER of 0.52% for Physical Access (PA) attacks and 0.07 % for Logical Access (LA) attacks.

Culture is a part of life that regulates the norms and habits of society. Culture takes two forms: material culture and non-material culture. Through the Creative Economy Agency, the creative economy has been promoted as one of the new pillars of the Indonesian economy. This study aims to analyze the culture-based creative industry as an option for advancing the creative economy in Indonesia. This study applies the theory of economic development by Joseph Alois Schumpeter to emphasize the creativity of entrepreneurs in using existing production factors to support economic activity. Data was collected from secondary data related to the cultural and creative economy. The results show that the creative industry in Indonesia has emerged as the answer to the creative economy system and has also shown rapid development. Practically, in Indonesia, abundant opportunities exist for a culture-based creative economy, spanning various sectors such as arts and tourism, awaiting innovation by industry actors. Government facilitation and increasing engagement from individuals further support this burgeoning creative landscape, aligning with the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Tourism and Creative Economy Agency’s mission to bolster Indonesia's economy by 2030 through successful synergy between government and industry

The unique structural and biological diversity found in plants renders them a distinctive and sustainable source for discovering new antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic compounds. In the present study, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of essential oils of citrus varieties of Northeast India were studied against selected foodborne pathogens using both in vitro and in silico approaches. These essential oils showed significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against foodborne pathogens. i.e. Bacillus cereus MTCC430 and Yersinia enterocolitica MTCC859. It was observed that the treatment with essential oil disturbed the membrane integrity of the pathogens, thereby causing the release of nucleic acids. This study also postulated that active compounds of the essential oils interact with different target proteins of the pathogens and provide an explanation for the mechanisms of antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of the essential oils of citrus varieties against foodborne pathogens.

Abstract Background The prospective phase III multi-centre L-MOCA trial (NCT03534453) has demonstrated the encouraging efficacy and manageable safety profile of olaparib maintenance therapy in the Asian (mainly Chinese) patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC). In this study, we report the preplanned exploratory biomarker analysis of the L-MOCA trial, which investigated the effects of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on olaparib efficacy. Methods HRD status was determined using the ACTHRD assay, an enrichment-based targeted next-generation sequencing assay. PD-L1 expression was assessed by SP263 immunohistochemistry assay. PD-L1 expression positivity was defined by the PD-L1 expression on ≥ 1% of immune cells. Kaplan–Meier method was utilised to analyse progression-free survival (PFS). Results This exploratory biomarker analysis included 225 patients and tested HRD status [N = 190; positive, N = 125 (65.8%)], PD-L1 expression [N = 196; positive, N = 56 (28.6%)], and BRCA1/2 mutation status (N = 219). The HRD-positive patients displayed greater median PFS than the HRD-negative patients [17.9 months (95% CI: 14.5–22.1) versus 9.2 months (95% CI: 7.5–13.8)]. PD-L1 was predominantly expressed on immune cells. Positive PD-L1 expression on immune cells was associated with shortened median PFS in the patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations [14.5 months (95% CI: 7.4–18.2) versus 22.2 months (95% CI: 18.3–NA)]. Conversely, positive PD-L1 expression on immune cells was associated with prolonged median PFS in the patients with wild-type BRCA1/2 [20.9 months (95% CI: 13.9–NA) versus 8.3 months (95% CI: 6.7–13.8)]. Conclusions HRD remained an effective biomarker for enhanced olaparib efficacy in the Asian patients with PSROC. Positive PD-L1 expression was associated with decreased olaparib efficacy in the patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations but associated with improved olaparib efficacy in the patients with wild-type BRCA1/2. Trial registration NCT03534453. Registered at May 23, 2018.

Abstract This critique evaluates a retrospective observational study on the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatments on acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The study is praised for its detailed observational methodology, robust statistical analyses, and comprehensive overview of patient outcomes. These strengths enhance the applicability of the results to real-world clinical practice. However, the study’s retrospective design poses inherent risks of bias and confounding factors, which the authors acknowledge but do not extensively address. The absence of a control group of OHCA patients who did not receive ECMO is a significant limitation, as it weakens the ability to isolate the impact of ECMO on AVWS development. Additionally, a more in-depth exploration of the mechanisms by which ECMO contributes to AVWS is needed. Despite these limitations, the study contributes valuable insights into ECMO-related complications and underscores the necessity for vigilant management strategies to mitigate AVWS risks in this high-risk population. The critique concludes by calling for future prospective studies and the development of preventative protocols to improve patient outcomes in ECMO-treated OHCA patients.

IntroductionStaphylococcus aureus is a highly resistant pathogen. It has multiple virulence factors, which makes it one of the most pathogenic bacteria for humankind. The vast increase in antibiotic resistance in these bacteria is a warning of existing healthcare policies. Most of the available antibiotics are ineffective due to resistance; this situation requires the development of drugs that target specific proteins and are not susceptible to resistance.MethodsIn this study, we identified a compound that acts as an antagonist of ClfA and ClfB by inhibiting their binding to host cells.ResultsThe shortlisted compound’s binding activity was tested by docking and molecular dynamics during its interaction with proteins. The identified compound has excellent binding energy with both ClfA (-10.11 kcal/mol) and ClfB (-11.11 kcal/mol).DiscussionThe molecular dynamics of the protein and compound were stable and promising for further in vitro and in vivo tests. The performance of our compound was tested and compared with that of the control molecule allantodapsone, which was reported in a previous study as a pan inhibitor of the clumping factor. An ADMET study of our selected compound revealed its reliable drug likeliness. This compound is an ideal candidate for in vitro studies.

The study involved extracting different fractions from black pepper using solvents of varying polarities. The three fractions obtained were the PEF, CHF, and AQF. The yield values of the fractions were determined, and it was found that PEF had the highest yield, while AQF had the lowest. Subsequently, three in vitro hypoglycemic tests were performed to evaluate the hypoglycaemic activity of black pepper. The IC50 value (the concentration required for 50 % inhibition) for the α-amylase inhibitory activity was found to be 1.191 for PEF and 3.591 for CHF where acarbose, a standard hypoglycaemic drug, was used as a reference in this test. The second test evaluated the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, where PEF exhibited an IC50 value of 1.47, and CHF had an IC50 value of 2.95 and again acarbose was utilized as the standard for comparison. The third test involved assessing glucose uptake by yeast cells. At 5 Mm glucose concentration and 5 mg/ml extract concentration, the percentage of glucose uptake by yeast cell was 69 for CHF and 76 for PEF. At 10 Mm glucose concentration and 5 mg/ml extract concentration, the percentage of glucose uptake by yeast cell was 43 for CHF and 57 for PEF. At 25 Mm glucose concentration and 5 mg/ml extract concentration, the percentage of glucose uptake by yeast cell was 28 for CHF and 30 for PEF. It was concluded that the PEF fraction of black pepper exhibited better hypoglycaemic activity compared to the standard metronidazole from the tests. However, further research and studies are necessary to isolate and identify the specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed hypoglycaemic effects and to evaluate their efficacy and safety.

The learning model is one of the main factors that need to be considered in the learning process. This study aims to reveal the effect of applying the “EkRenFaTiHa” entrepreneurship learning model in vocational high schools. The research design is quasi-experimental. Determination of the sample using the purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation, and tests the prerequisite tests carried out are validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, and hypothesis tests. The research location was in class XI at one of the state vocational schools in the Province of DIY. It was agreed with the school that it was not permissible to mention the name of the school, so the research location was named X’s vocational high schools. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that the cognitive value in the experimental class was significant, which was 0.001, where the value was < 0.05. This means that the “EkRenFaTiHa” entrepreneurship learning model can have a significant influence on student learning outcomes in the subject of creative products and entrepreneurship. While the value of product results in the experimental class is still higher than in the control class. The experimental class got an average product value of 75.455, while the control class average product value was 74.773.

Comprehending the temperature-dependent variable viscosity Phan Thien Tanner fluid film flow over a horizontal heated plate with surface tension is essential to enhancing coating and lubrication process prediction models. This paper accords with the flow analysis of a temperature-dependent variable viscosity Phan Thien Tanner fluid film over a horizontal heated plate. The flow over a heated plate occurs as a result of the plate’s motion and the surface tension gradient. The Adomian decomposition method is utilized to solve a system of linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations, resulting in series-form solutions. The series-form expressions for flow variables such as velocity, temperature, volume flow rate, and surface tension are derived. Moreover, the positions of stationary points are computed using MATHEMATICA. The analysis delineated that when the inverse capillary number, variable viscosity parameter, Deborah number, elongation parameter, and Brinkman number increase, the stationary points move closer to the heated plate. The temperature also rises with an increase in these parameters. The temperature rises with increasing viscous dissipation while it lowers with increasing thermal diffusion. When the Deborah number is high, the Phan Thien Tanner fluid behaves like a solid and the flow is only driven by the motion of the plate. A comparison between Newtonian and Phan Thien Tanner fluids is made for velocity, temperature, and stationary points as a special case.

Introduction and Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and is one of the main global health concerns. Synthetic sugar substrate has many side effects such as leukemia, bladder cancer, hepatotoxicity, breast cancer, headache, and brain toxicity. The WHO and FDA has recently banned some of the synthetic sugar alternatives due to their carcinogenic effects.Objective and Methodology: Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to investigate the safety and binding affinity of Stevioside with Glucose Transpoter-4 (GLUT-4), Akt, Insulin Receptor (IR) and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) to confirmed that Stevioside is one the potent natural sweetener/drug for diabetes. This study delves into the molecular interaction between Stevioside and key diabetic proteins: GLUT-4, Akt, IR and IRS-1. A precise molecular docking approach was used to simulate the binding affinity of Stevioside to these proteins. The pharmacokinetic properties of the molecule should be taken into consideration as important variables throughout the virtual screening process.Results: The result of active site analysis of GLUT-4, Akt, IR and IRS-1 showed a zone of 2158.359 Ǻ2, 579.259 Ǻ2, 762.651 Ǻ2, and 152.167 Ǻ2 and a volume of 2765.094 Ǻ³, 355.567 Ǻ³, 686.806 Ǻ³, and 116.874 Ǻ³, respectively. Docking analysis of the Stevioside compound showed the highest docking energy with scores of −9.9 with GLUT-4, −6.7 with Akt, −8.0 with IR and −8.8 with IRS-1. Studies indicated that it remains undigested by stomach acids and enzymes and is not absorbed in the upper small intestine. Further, tests revealed no hepatotoxicity, AMES toxicity, or skin sensitivity, making it a promising candidate for safe consumption as drug metabolism.Conclusion and Recommendations: Instead of other sugar alternatives, Stevioside will help diabetic patients with a lower chance of infections, lowered blood pressure/blood sugar, and increased glucose uptake in diabetic muscles. Stevioside is a natural sweetener, and the current study recommends its usage in various dietary products for diabetic patients.

Afghanistan as a country surrounded by land and involved in successive wars, has turned into a purely consumer country, and at the same time, it has rich mines and many potential economic facilities, it is in dire need of international economic partners to be able to meet the challenges May the economy succeed in its own way. After 11 years of negotiations, the World Trade Organization accepted Afghanistan's accession at the ministerial conference in December 2015 in Nairobi, Kenya, and on July 29, 2016, the Afghan government officially became a member of the World Trade Organization. This research is a descriptive research that collects data and information in the form of a booklet with a detailed review of information and a summary of the material obtained from many reliable sources, international trade and Afghanistan laws and procedures. Consequently, Afghanistan joining the World Trade Organization is like entering the usual field of killing in Afghanistan. Whoever has more bargaining power and the possibility of more production and free industrial competition will be the winner. Since Afghanistan is currently known as a country in declining value, some members of the World Trade Organization tried to expand the market for their export items by facilitating the country's accession to this organization and, on the other hand, to raw materials available in Afghanistan and is easily and cheaply available. The membership of this large and important business organization for Afghanistan will bring advantages and disadvantages, which are mostly related to the economic and financial policies of the government and the performance of the managers of this important field, and its consequences and practical results, will determine the future.

Erwinia amylovora, the primary cause of fire blight, is thought to be one of the most difficult crop diseases to eradicate. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of essential sesame oil (SO) and silver nanoparticle synthesized by sesame oil SO-AgNPs against E. amylovora. Using GC-MS, it was found that essential sesame oil contains the main component of the oil was sesamin, asarninin, heptane, c-Sitosterol, anethol, and trimethyl -6- ((s) - 4-methylcyclohexan – 3 – en-1-yl)) tetrahydro -2H-pyran. The diluted sesame oil (SO) was used as a reducing agent in synthesis of AgNPs in aqueous solution. By using UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier Transformer InfraRed (FTIR) analysis, the produced Ag NPs were studied. The average particle size of the spherical Ag NPs was determined to be 54.98 nm using data from HRTEM and DLS. SO-Ag NPs (20 µg/ml) showed a promising antibacterial against E. amylovora, producing a 22.9 mm Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) against E. amylovora, followed by SO-Ag NPs (10 ug/ml) that gave 18.2 mm ZOI., compared to gentamicin that produced 13.2 mm ZOI. The most effective inducers were SO-Ag NPs at 10 ug/ml, which decreased the percentage of disease severity by 27.5 and increased the percentage of protection against disease infection by 68.39%. SO-Ag NPs was the most effective inducers which decreased the contents of Malonaldehyde (MDA) and H2O2 by 41.3% and 77.1%. Applying SO-Ag NPs or SO lowered the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and improved the fruit set and yield in infected trees. We could assume that, to prevent E. amylovora fire blight disease in pears, SO-Ag NPs, SO are safe, effective, and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional antibiotics.

The Kajang people are known for their lives based on traditional values, traditional beliefs, and distinctive local wisdom. They are here to preserve traditions amidst the blows of globalization. With this local wisdom, researchers are interested in analyzing the social construction of the Kajang traditional community to maintain their local wisdom. This research used a qualitative approach through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and data analysis using grounded theory analysis techniques. The research results show that the Kajang indigenous community faced challenges in maintaining their local wisdom amidst social changes and external influences. However, with its social construction, it maintained local wisdom through externalization, objectivation, and internalization processes. With this social construction approach, the Kajang traditional community can show resilience and initiative to preserve local wisdom and strengthen social ties between community members. This research will not only provide new insights into the local wisdom of the Kajang people in efforts to preserve culture, community development, and policy development in Indonesia.

Manganese (Mn) overexposure has been associated with the development of neurological damage reminiscent of Parkinson's disease, while the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully characterized. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms leading to injury in dopaminergic neurons induced by Mn and identify novel treatment approaches. In the in vivo and in vitro models, ICR mice and dopaminergic neuron-like PC12 cells were exposed to Mn, respectively. We treated them with anti-ferroptotic agents ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), deferoxamine (DFO), HIF-1α activator dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and inhibitor LW6. We also used p53-siRNA to verify the mechanism underlying Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Fe and Mn concentrations increased in ICR mice brains overexposed to Mn. Additionally, Mn-exposed mice exhibited movement impairment and encephalic pathological changes, with decreased HIF-1α, SLC7A11, and GPX4 proteins and increased p53 protein levels. Fer-1 exhibited protective effects against Mn-induced both behavioral and biochemical changes. Consistently, in vitro, Mn exposure caused ferroptosis-related changes and decreased HIF-1α levels, all ameliorated by Fer-1. Upregulation of HIF-1α by DMOG alleviated the Mn-associated ferroptosis, while LW6 exacerbated Mn-induced neurotoxicity through downregulating HIF-1α. p53 knock-down also rescued Mn-induced ferroptosis without altering HIF-1α protein expression. Mn overexposure resulted in ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons, mediated through the HIF-1α/p53/SLC7A11 pathway.

Purpose – This study analyzes how zakat literacy and awareness affect compliance with zakat payments among Islamic students. Zakat literacy involves understanding zakat’s concept, types, calculation, and distribution, while awareness includes recognizing zakat’s importance as a religious and socioeconomic duty. Methodology – This study employed a quantitative approach using primary data collected from second- and fourth-semester students at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar through purposive sampling and questionnaires distributed to 116 individuals via WhatsApp groups. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with SPSS Version 26, chosen for its comprehensive statistical tools and user-friendly interface. Findings – Data analysis revealed that both zakat literacy and awareness had a positive and significant effect on compliance with paying zakat. Students with higher levels of zakat literacy and deeper awareness of the benefits of zakat are more motivated and consistent in paying zakat, according to Sharia provisions. Implications – This study highlights the importance of zakat education and counseling in universities to enhance literacy and awareness, which can ultimately increase compliance with paying zakat. This increase in compliance supports the achievement of Zakat’s social and economic goals in reducing poverty and social inequality. Originality – This study makes a unique contribution by focusing on the role of zakat literacy and awareness among students, a topic that has been underexplored. These findings can inform the development of more effective zakat education programs at the university level.

This research focuses on extracting cellulose from thorn pandan and evaluating its potential as a raw material for cellulose acetate. Thorn pandan contains polysaccharides, especially cellulose. In its fabrication process, cellulose acetate is produced from cellulose acetylation reaction. Cellulose is extracted using the Microwave-assisted Extraction method with variations in NaOH concentration (1, 2, and 3%), H2O2 concentration (10, 20, and 30%), and time variables (20, 40, and 60 minutes). Extraction optimization was performed with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model BBD (Box-Behken Design). Several characterizations were carried out to determine the characteristics of cellulose acetate, namely Degree of Acetylation, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The highest cellulose yield obtained in the extraction process was 50.7% with a variable of 3% NaOH, 30% H2O2 and 60 minutes. XRD analysis shows the angle value 2θ = 22.53798° of thorn pandan cellulose structure is almost similar to commercial cellulose. FTIR functional group identification of cellulose acetate showed the presence of carbonyl (C=O) and (C-O Acetyl) group, respectively seen at wave numbers 1734 cm-1 and 1256 cm-1. The acetyl content of cellulose acetate from thorn pandan produced is 35.475%. Therefore, thorn pandan biomass has the potential as a raw material for making cellulose acetate.

This paper delves into the discourse surrounding marriage principles within Indonesia's diverse multicultural landscape, with a particular focus on both monogamous and polygamous practices. As a nation characterized by rich cultural and religious diversity, Indonesia provides a unique context for examining the dynamics of marital norms and traditions. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study explores the historical, legal, and socio-cultural dimensions of monogamous and polygamous marriages, shedding light on their prevalence, legal frameworks, and societal implications. Drawing upon legal perspectives, societal attitudes, and empirical evidence, this discourse aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complexities inherent in marital practices within Indonesia's multicultural society. Ultimately, this study contributes to broader discussions on marriage, diversity, and legal pluralism, offering insights into the evolving nature of marital norms and their intersection with Indonesia's multicultural fabric.

Background and Objectives: Carbapenem resistance is a growing global challenge for healthcare, and, therefore, monitoring its prevalence and patterns is crucial for implementing targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on patient outcomes and public health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains in the largest tertiary care hospital of the capital territory of Pakistan and to characterize the isolates for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Additionally, the most prevalent sequence types were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A total of 15,467 clinical samples were collected from November 2020 to May 2022, underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes through conventional PCR and sequence typing using MLST. Results: In carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CR-EC), 74.19% of isolates harbored the blaNDM gene, with blaNDM-1 (66.96%), blaNDM-5 (12.17%), and blaNDM-7 (20.87%) variants detected. Additionally, blaIMP was found in 25.81% and blaOXA-48 in 35.48% of isolates. The presence of blaCTX-M15 and blaTEM was identified in 83.87% and 73.55% of CR-EC isolates, respectively, while armA and rmtB were detected in 40% and 65.16% of isolates, respectively. Colistin and tigecycline were the most effective drugs against CR-EC isolates, with both showing an MIC50 of 0.5 µg/mL. The MIC90 for colistin was 1 µg/mL, while for tigecycline, it was 2 µg/mL. MLST analysis revealed that the CR-EC isolates belonged to ST131 (24.52%), ST2279 (23.87%), ST3499 (16.13%), ST8051 (15.48%), ST8900 (9.68%), ST3329 (7.10%), ST88 (1.94%), and ST6293 (1.29%). The ST131 complex (70.97%) was the most prevalent, harboring 95.65% of the blaNDM gene, while the ST23 complex (18.06%) harbored 62.50% of the blaIMP gene. Conclusions: Implementing large-scale surveillance studies to monitor the spread of specific pathogens, along with active infection control policies, is crucial for the effective containment and prevention of future epidemics.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a severe diabetic complication, impairs heart function, leading to heart failure. Treatment that effectively addresses this condition without causing side effects is urgently needed. Current anti-hyperglycemic therapies are expensive, has side effects and do not effectively prevent cardiac remodeling. Therefore, it is important to explore natural products that may have the potential to reverse cardiac remodeling. That is why the aim of the current study was to determine the left ventricular remodeling potential of the methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris in a diabetic cardiomyopathy rat model. Following the initial comprehensive phytochemical evaluation of plant phenolic and flavonoid content, which showed strong anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant activities, an extract of Artemisia vulgaris was administered in an in vivo experiment. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in Wistar albino rats according to previously described protocols in the literature, and the effect of treatment was checked by serum and histopathological analysis after 45 days. Artemisia vulgaris treatment significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose (108.5 ± 1.75 mg/dL), glycated hemoglobin (4.03 ± 0.12 %), serum glucose (116.66 ± 3.28 mg/dL), insulin (15.66 ± 0.66 ng/mL), total oxidant status (54.66 ± 3.22 µmol H2O2Equiv.L−1), Malondialdehyde (0.20 ± 0.01 mmol/L), total cholesterol (91.16 ± 3.35 mg/dL), triglycerides (130.66 ± 3.15 mg/dL), low-density lipids (36.57 ± 1.02 mg/dL), sodium (140 ± 3.21 mmol/L), calcium (10.44 ± 0.24 mmol/L), creatine kinase MB (1227.5 ± 17.89 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (1300 ± 34.64 IU/L), C-reactive protein (30 ± 0.57 pg/mL), tumor necrosis factor-α (58.66 ± 1.76 pg/mL), atrial natriuretic peptide (2.53 ± 0.04 pg/mL), B-type natriuretic peptide (10.66 ± 0.44 pg/mL), aspartate aminotransferase (86.5 ± 4.99 U/L), Alanine Transaminase (55.33 ± 2.90 U/L), urea (25.33 ± 1.15 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.64 ± 0.02 mg/dL) but significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (1.73 ± 0.07 mmol Trolox Equil./L), high-density lipids (40 ± 1.59 mg/dL) and potassium (3.82 ± 0.04 mmol/L) levels. ECG and histopathology confirmed the significant improvement in remodeling and the reversal of structural changes in the heart and pancreas. In conclusion, Artemisia vulgaris possesses significant left ventricular remodeling potential in course of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan persepsi mahasiswa akuntansi UNSERA, UNTIRTA, dan UNIBA mengenai Etika Penggelapan Pajak (Tax Evasion). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa akuntansi di Universitas Serang Raya, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, dan Universitas Bina Bangsa yang berjumlah 217 orang, dengan menggunakan teknik sampling incidental. Data diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner yang kemudian diolah menggunakan alat bantu SPSS for windows. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik deskriptif, uji validitas dan realibiltas,uji normalitas, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil Kruskal-Wallis menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan persepsi antara mahasiswa akuntansi di UNSERA, UNTIRTA, dan UNIBA mengenai penggelapan pajak (tax evasion). Hal ini dikarenakan rata-rata ketiga kelompok tersebut memiliki persepsi yang sama bahwa penggelapan pajak itu tidak etis untuk dilakukan.

The objectives of this research were, (1) to be able to explain the situation of the As-Sunnah Islamic boarding school after the identity conflict in Bagik Nyake. (2) To be able to analyze the communication strategies of the As-Sunnah Islamic boarding school after identity conflict in Bagik Nyake. This research used qualitative approach with type of case study. Data collection was carried out by using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The intensive research process was carried out almost a year involving various informants consisting of Islamic boarding school leaders, teachers, students of the As-Sunnah Islamic boarding school in Bagik Nyake and the community. The results of this research showed that the situation of the As-Sunnah Islamic boarding school after identity conflict with the community was as usual the students directly continued their school and various Islamic boarding school activities also continued. The communication strategies carried out by the As-Sunnah Islamic boarding school in restoring its image after identity conflicts were by (1) the relationship function, namely discussing with the community by attending each other's activities but still without leaving the sunnah of Rasulullah PBUH. (2) The education function, namely combining the general curriculum and the Islamic boarding school curriculum. (3) the persuasion function, namely conducting studies every Tuesday night, Tabligh Akbar activities with interviewee from the Middle East and publishing various Islamic boarding school activities on social media such as Facebook, so that this could improve or increase the good image of the As-Sunnah Islamic boarding school. (4) problem solving, namely by convincing the students’ parents and the community that Islamic boarding school is the right Islamic boarding school for their children in terms of religious learning in accordance with what was taught by Rasulullah PBUH. Keywords: Communication Strategies, Image, Identity Conflict.

Abstract Aim This study assessed, if use of herbal medicine (HM) among hypertensive patients is coincidence or planned. Design Cross‐sectional survey. Methods The study used a cross‐sectional survey for collection of data from four (4) herbal medicine clinics in the Tamale metropolis in northern Ghana. Results The final or overall regression model was significant at R2 = 0.350, F(7, 214) = 16.464, p

Background and objectives: As microbes are developing resistance to antibiotics, natural, botanical drugs or traditional herbal medicine are presently being studied with an eye of great curiosity and hope. Hence, complementary and alternative treatments for uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) are explored for their efficacy. Therefore, this study determined the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Sesamum indicum Linn seeds with Rosa damascena Mill Oil in uPID with standard control. Additionally, we analyzed the data with machine learning.Materials and methods: We included 60 participants in a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized standard-controlled study. Participants in the Sesame and Rose oil group (SR group) (n = 30) received 14 days course of black sesame powder (5 gm) mixed with rose oil (10 mL) per vaginum at bedtime once daily plus placebo capsules orally. The standard group (SC), received doxycycline 100 mg twice and metronidazole 400 mg thrice orally plus placebo per vaginum for the same duration. The primary outcome was a clinical cure at post-intervention for visual analogue scale (VAS) for lower abdominal pain (LAP), and McCormack pain scale (McPS) for abdominal-pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcome included white blood cells (WBC) cells in the vaginal wet mount test, safety profile, and health-related quality of life assessed by SF-12. In addition, we used AdaBoost (AB), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers in this study to analyze the experimental data.Results: The clinical cure for LAP and McPS in the SR vs SC group was 82.85% vs 81.48% and 83.85% vs 81.60% on Day 15 respectively. On Day 15, pus cells less than 10 in the SR vs SC group were 86.6% vs 76.6% respectively. No adverse effects were reported in both groups. The improvement in total SF-12 score on Day 30 for the SR vs SC group was 82.79% vs 80.04% respectively. In addition, our Naive Bayes classifier based on the leave-one-out model achieved the maximum accuracy (68.30%) for the classification of both groups of uPID.Conclusion: We concluded that the SR group is cost-effective, safer, and efficacious for curing uPID. Proposed alternative treatment (test drug) could be a substitute of standard drug used for Female genital tract infections.

Aim: Hydrogen sulfide and nitricoxide possess cytoprotective activity and in vivo, they are generated from exogenous sodium hydrosulfide and L-arginine respectively. Cisplatin is a major chemotherapeutic agent used to treat cancer and has a high incidence of nephrotoxicity as a side effect. The study aim was to explore the effects of NaHS and L-arginine or their combination on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods: Wistar Kyoto rats were given a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) followed either by NaHS (56 μmol/kg, i. p.), L-arginine (1.25 g/L in drinking water) or their combination daily for 28-days. Post-mortem plasma, urine and kidney samples were collected for biochemical assays and histopathological analysis. Results: Cisplatin decreased body weights and increased urinary output, while plasma creatinine and urea levels were elevated, but sodium and potassium concentrations were diminished. The renal function parameters, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance, were raised and decreased respectively. Regarding markers of reactive oxygen species, plasma total superoxide dismutase was reduced, whereas malondiadehyde was augmented.Cisplatin also diminished plasma and urinary H2S as well as plasma NO, while NaHS and L-arginine counteracted this activity on both redox-active molecules. Cisplatin cotreatment with NaHS, and/or L-arginine exhibited a reversal of all other measured parameters. Conclusion: In current study, NaHS and L-arginine as monotherapy protected the rats from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity but the combination of both worked more effectively suggesting the augmented anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential of test treatments when administered together.

Soft tissue swellings on the forearm can present with a range of clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Ancient Schawanoma is a rare benign condition that can develop over the flexor surface of the forearm as a cystic swelling and can involve the median or the ulnar nerve. However, the presentation of this condition on the extensor surface with involvement of the radial nerve is an extremely uncommon diagnosis. A 69 year old female presented at the outpatient department with a swelling on the extensor aspect of her right forearm for the past 2 years. Ultrasound examination showed a mixed cystic solid mass and MRI report revealed a complex predominantly cystic mass in the extensor compartment of the forearm, measuring 4.3 x 5.3 x 7.2 cm size. ---Continue

Introduction/Main Objectives: Kampus Mengajar (Teaching Campus) is a program that provides opportunities for university students to learn outside the classroom for 1 (one) semester by becoming teaching partners to make innovation in the development of creative and innovative learning models and strategies in targeted education units. This program focuses on increasing school students' literacy and numeracy skills in targeted schools. Background Problems: This research tries to elaborate further on how university students play a role in efforts to increase students' learning motivation in the target schools. Novelty: The research that examined leadership and communication competencies associated with increasing students' learning motivation has never been described in the Kampus Mengajar Program evaluation. Research Methods: Qualitative approach is used to collect the data. The data used in this study were primary and secondary. Primary data was obtained from non-participant observations, interviews, and focus group discussions with students and teachers. Secondary data were obtained from students' report documents and other relevant literature. Finding/Results: Based on the results of the research, it was found that participants' leadership and communication competencies play an essential role in increasing students' learning motivation, which has a positive effect on increasing their literacy and numeracy skills. Conclusion: it could be concluded that university students, as the program participants were able to build their leadership attitudes successfully.

The current study report a convenient, simple, and low cost approach for the biogenic synthesis of CuO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (NCs) from pumpkin seeds extract and their vitro cytotoxicity. The characterization of finally obtained CuO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (NCs) performed using UV–Visible, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, GC-MS, SEM-EDX and TEM analysis. The formation and elemental analysis were determined using the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis technique. The formation of rod-like monoclinic and spherical, having size range 5 nm–20 nm confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. Finally, the MTT assay of the synthesized composites was evaluated for toxicity against cancerous cell lines HCT-116 (Colon cancer cell) and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma cell). The synthesized composite material showed moderate (IC50 = 199 μg/mL) to low (IC50 = 445 μg/mL) activity against HCT-116 and A549 cell lines, respectively.

The performance of a packed bed reactor for CO2 conversion to methanol was investigated. Because of the exothermic reaction, temperature and concentration gradients happen along the reactor. A 2D packed-bed reactor model was applied for numerical investigations, coupled with detailed reaction kinetics and transport phenomena. The effect of feed inlet pressure and temperature on CO2 conversion and temperature profiles along the reactor was evaluated. The results showed that firstly increase in the temperature in the reactor because of the presence of exothermic reactions and then slight decrease in the temperature at top section of the reactor. Pressure was decrease from 55 bar to around 54 bar along the reactor. It was found that the CO2 conversion at outlet of reactor was 18.18 % at T = 475 K and it was increased to 23 % at temperature of 498 K and 555 K. The CO2 conversion was reached its maximum at short distance from the reactor entrance at T = 555 K. Also, the outlet temperature of gas mixture was increased from 522.53 K to 534.56 K with increasing feed inlet pressure from 35 bar to 55 bar. The CO2 conversion was 18.12 %, 20.77 %, and 22.96 % at pressures equal to 35, 45, and 55 bar respectively.