1. Early life stress elicits visceral hyperalgesia and functional reorganization of pain circuits in adult rats
- Author
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Daniel P. Holschneider, Emeran A. Mayer, Yumei Guo, and Zhuo Wang
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sex differences ,VPL/VPM, ventral-posterolateral/ventral-postereromedial thalamic n ,Nociception ,PAG, periaqueductal gray ,S2, secondary somatosensory cortex ,Ce, amygdala, central n ,Biochemistry ,MPA, hypothalamic medial preoptic area ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,LO/VO, lateral/ventral orbital cortex ,Me, amygdala, medial n ,10. No inequality ,Cg1, Cg2, cingulate cortex area 1 dorsal, area 2 ventral ,ll, lateral lemniscus ,Pain Research ,lcsh:QP351-495 ,DG, dentate gyrus ,aIns, anterior insula ,IC, inferior colliculus ,S1BF / S1FL / S1HL / S1J / S1ULp, primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field / forelimb / hindlimb / jaw / upper lip area ,Visceral pain ,pIns/Ect, posterior insula/ectorhinal cortex transition area ,Chronic Pain ,psychological phenomena and processes ,IBS, irritable bowel syndrome ,Thalamus ,FC, functional connectivity ,La, amygdala, lateral n ,CON, controls ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,RS, retrosplenial cortex, ‘posterior cingulate’ ,Sim, simple cerebellar lobule ,Sex differences ,Molecular Biology ,CPu, dorsal caudate-putamen ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,CM, central medial thalamic n ,Early life stress ,Ect/TeA, ectorhinal/temporal association cortex ,SPM, statistical parametric mapping ,030104 developmental biology ,nervous system ,Locus coeruleus ,PrL, prelimbic cortex ,STM, bed n. of the stria terminalis ,EMG, electromyography ,Neuroscience ,LSI, lateral septum intermediate ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,rCBF, regional cerebral blood flow ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,ROI, region of interest ,Hippocampus ,MG, medial geniculate ,V1/V2, primary/secondary visual cortex ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,CA1, CA1 field of hippocampus ,SC, superior colliculus ,VMR, visceromotor response ,Original Research Article ,HPC, hippocampus ,ANOVA, analysis of variance ,LD, lateral dorsal thalamic n ,GPe, globus pallidus, external ,M1/M2, primary/secondary motor cortex ,PVP, posterior paraventricular thalamic n ,nesting behavior ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nesting behavior ,Po, posterior thalamic n ,brain mapping ,Hb, habenula ,Brain mapping ,medicine.symptom ,Acb, Accumbens n ,Psychology ,MnR, median raphe n ,early life stress ,MD, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus ,Amygdala ,Periaqueductal gray ,LC/LPB, locus coeruleus/lateral parabrachial n ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,La, lateral amygdala ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,dHPC, dorsal hippocampus ,VMH, ventromedial hypothalamus ,Neurosciences ,ELS, early life stress ,PBP, parabrachial pigmented n. of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) ,CRD, colorectal distension ,cc, corpus callosum ,Stria terminalis ,Good Health and Well Being ,lcsh:Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,Posterior cingulate ,PtA, parietal association cortex ,pIns, posterior insula - Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is a risk factor for developing functional gastrointestinal disorders, and has been proposed to be related to a central amplification of sensory input and resultant visceral hyperalgesia. We sought to characterize ELS-related changes in functional brain responses during acute noxious visceral stimulation. Neonatal rats (males/females) were exposed to limited bedding (ELS) or standard bedding (controls) on postnatal days 2–9. Age 10–11 weeks, animals were implanted with venous cannulas and transmitters for abdominal electromyography (EMG). Cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was mapped during colorectal distension (CRD) using [14C]-iodoantipyrine autoradiography, and analyzed in three-dimensionally reconstructed brains by statistical parametric mapping and functional connectivity. EMG responses to CRD were increased after ELS, with no evidence of a sex difference. ELS rats compared to controls showed a greater significant positive correlation of EMG with amygdalar rCBF. Factorial analysis revealed a significant main effect of ‘ELS’ on functional activation of nodes within the pain pathway (somatosensory, insular, cingulate and prefrontal cortices, locus coeruleus/lateral parabrachial n. [LC/LPB], periaqueductal gray, sensory thalamus), as well as in the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus. In addition, ELS resulted in an increase in the number of significant functional connections (i.e. degree centrality) between regions within the pain circuit, including the amygdala, LC/LPB, insula, anterior ventral cingulate, posterior cingulate (retrosplenium), and stria terminalis, with decreases noted in the sensory thalamus and the hippocampus. Sex differences in rCBF were less broadly expressed, with significant differences noted at the level of the cortex, amygdala, dorsal hippocampus, raphe, sensory thalamus, and caudate-putamen. ELS showed a sexually dimorphic effect (‘Sex x ELS’ interaction) at the LC/LPB complex, globus pallidus, hypothalamus, raphe, septum, caudate-putamen and cerebellum. Our results suggest that ELS alters functional activation of the thalamo-cortico-amydala pathway, as well as the emotional-arousal network (amygdala, locus coeruleus), with evidence that ELS may additionally show sexually dimorphic effects on brain function., Highlights • Early life stress (ELS) elicits visceral hyperalgesia in adult offspring. • ELS alters functional activation of the thalamo-cortico-amydala pathway. • ELS shows a sexually dimorphic effects on brain function. • Functional imaging-based endpoints promise improved animal-to-human translation.
- Published
- 2016
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