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The South African education system is considered one of the most unequal in the world. Providing learners with quality education and equipping them with the digital skills required for the Fourth Industrial Revolution is essential. To achieve this, plans are in place to incorporate educational technology in schools. However, it is important to understand the factors and conditions which have had the greatest impact on this process. This systematic review outlines 5 aspects that have been found to influence the use of educational technology in South African schools: access to technical resources; skills, training and competence; efficacy and efficiency beliefs; pedagogical compatibility; and a supportive leadership and management structure. Recommendations based on these findings are provided which can inform policy and practice.

The aim of this paper is to study the key points of managing cooperative credit unions in south Thailand and how to strengthen the education and knowledge of the management team, staff and members. This paper is based on a qualitative method via in-depth interviews and a focus group with members and committees of cooperative credit unions in south Thailand; data were analyzed using content and descriptive analysis. Results showed that the most problematic issue is a lack of transparency in the management and patronage systems, leading to corruption. In addition, the key points for developing guidelines for this type of credit union include members' understanding and knowledge about the objectives of the cooperative system; updated regulations and legal measures concerning a deposit protection system; revised rules and regulations for loan policies, human resources, and information technology; government policies for strengthening cooperative credit unions; and allocating more budget to educate their staff and members, such as a training course and a visit to another cooperative credit union. In addition, the Cooperative Promotion Department and Cooperative Auditing Department of Thailand should improve the law and auditing method to strengthen and clarify the organization's operations.

Hardships of educators can be evaluated in line with the environmental conditions they work and live in. In particular, the hardships experienced by classroom teachers who work in villages are noticeable. In addition, the difficulties faced by female teachers grow even more during their Professional life. This study aims at analyzing the problems of female teachers who work in the villages of some provinces in the eastern and south eastern part of Turkey. The participants were selected using the criterion sampling method, and was composed of 30 female teachers in various villages of Diyarbakir, Van, Gaziantep and Kahramanmaras provinces in the 2021-2022 school year. In the study, the structured interview technique, which is one of the qualitative data collection techniques was utilized. The obtained data were analyzed via the content analysis method. The results have revealed that female teachers generally do not experience problems with the villagers, but their teaching performance is negatively affected due to various other reasons such as accommodation, transportation, heating and poor living conditions.

This study aims to emergency medical services(EMS) and their efficacy within the purview of Local Administrative Organizations (LAOs) in Thailand. As the responsibility for EMS has transitioned from public hospitals to LAOs, it has prompted inquiries into their efficiency. This research endeavors to scrutinize the determinants influencing the performance of EMS managed by LAOs. To accomplish this objective, we embraced a quantitative research approach. Data was obtained from 636 individuals who had availed emergency medical services, chosen through purposive sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect data, and the IOC index was employed to ensure data integrity. Descriptive statistics elucidated and assessed various variables. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with a statistical significance level of 0.01 to unearth the associations between administrative factors and the performance of EMS by LAOs. This research uncovers a positive, moderate-level correlation between administrative factors and the performance of EMS by LAOs. Specifically, factors such as community engagement, service preparedness, operational efficiency, budget allocation, resource availability, and staffing levels were identified as noteworthy predictors of EMS success by LAOs, explaining 60.8 percent of the variance. The outcomes of this study have practical implications for EMS management by local authorities, not only in Thailand but also in other regions grappling with analogous challenges. This research contributes to the ongoing endeavors to enhance pre-hospital care and emergency response, ultimately preserving lives and mitigating the repercussions of emergency illnesses and accidents on communities.

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of supervision management and service-learning on learning development. The study location is Jayapura Junior High School, Papua Province, Indonesia. This case-study qualitative research method was used. Data were collected through observing and interviewing 11 participants. The first theme reveals that academic supervision management conducted by the principal has an impact on the quality of learning conducted by teachers in the classroom. The second theme shows that the impact of service-learning can increase students' interest in learning, fostering positive student attitudes and behaviors both in the class and in their community. The theoretical implications relate to the content of these outcomes for the development of learning theories and education management studies. The relevant practical implications relate to its potential contribution to the development of education in Indonesia as a form of effort to make Indonesian society prosperous. The central government is expected to provide more training programs and closely monitored funding to ensure equity and educational development for the younger generation in the Land of Papua.

Employees in the outdoor recreation sector account for 3.2% of the U.S. workforce, contributing to over $1.1T in national economic output. As awareness of the sector's economic strength has grown, interest in promoting outdoor recreation careers has expanded. Research on outdoor recreation careers has not kept pace with workforce development initiatives, however, and existing data and research reports provide only aggregate figures that neither reflect the new employment landscape nor track how careers are navigated by the people who occupy them. This article reports on an interview study of 15 established outdoor recreation professionals in executive or management positions to gain insights into career trajectories in outdoor recreation. Their narrative responses were assessed using the Psychology of Working Theory, a career counseling framework organized around the concept of decent work. Findings are presented along with points for outdoor recreation career advocates to consider in future research and workforce development initiatives.

In this research, the case study method was used to uncover the relationships and commonalities between polemics and cynicism in the context of educational organizations. The research study group consists of five teachers who were selected through criterion sampling. These teachers worked for public schools and they were experienced in various case studies. The data was obtained through semi-structured interview questions, subjected to descriptive analysis, coded, and brought together under various categories and themes. The results obtained show that polemicist attitudes that come to life in the leader or administrator in educational organizations cause the development of cynical tendencies in the eyes of teachers and other personnel. Considering the findings obtained in line with the opinions of the teachers who are the subject of the cases, the polemicist attitude was determined to consist of conservative, otherizing, subject, and toxic sub-themes and the cynical attitude to consist of passive, being seen as the other and criticizing sub-themes. At the same time, observations revealed that polemicist and cynical tendencies are common in the codes of seeing oneself/the other one as capable, mutual distrust, and resistant.

The identification and understanding of essential roles and functions in a profession, through the application of job analysis methods, can serve as a guide to develop and hone professional competency. The last such analysis of accessibility services administrators in postsecondary education was published in 1997. A variety of changes in the field over the past 25 years warrant an updated examination of these duties. This study presents the results of a Delphi study conducted with 18 experts in postsecondary accessibility services. They were asked to review and rate the prior job duties as well as an array of duties reflected in the current professional literature. The study resulted in a set of accessibility administrator responsibilities that can be used to guide job activities and professional development going forward.

The research objectives were shown as follows: 1) to research the community-based institutional administration model to promote students' career skills in the Chiang Mai education sandbox, 2) to design the community-based institutional administration model to promote students' career skills in the Chiang Mai education sandbox, 3) to experiment the community-based institutional administration model to promote students' career skills in the Chiang Mai education sandbox, and 4) to develop the community-based institutional administration model to promote students' career skills in the Chiang Mai education sandbox by using research and development method. The samples of this study were 1) 9 basic education commissions, 2) 8 teachers and educational personnel, 3) 15 community leaders, monks, local wise men, and villagers, 4) 7 educational experts, and 5) 28 students, which in total were 67 people. The tools used in this study were as follows: 1) structured interview form, 2) community-based institutional administration model assessment form, 3) satisfaction assessment form, and 4) group discussion record form. Qualitative data were analyzed using Content Analysis and presented in a descriptive form (Descriptive Analysis), and quantitative data were analyzed using a statistical program to determine the mean and standard deviation. The result showed as follows:1) A community-based institutional administration model for promoting students' career skills in the Chiang Mai education sandbox must be an educational management in an area with spatial diversity. School administrators and teachers must provide great cooperation and interest in participating in the development of the school by following the guidelines of the education sandbox. Furthermore, piloting basic learning activities that involved community areas and the area surrounding a community that is rich in natural resources and the environment was essential. This was the significant strength point that allowed us to develop a community-based institutional administration model more effectively.; 2) A community-based institutional administration model for promoting students' career skills in the Chiang Mai education sandbox had an institution management strategy called the "4K Model," consisting of four strategies as follows: 1) Strategy 1 Knowingly: K1 Knowingly situations in the world, 2) Strategy 2 Keep Step: K2 Keep moving steps forward together, 3) Strategy 3 Knowledge: K3 Transferring knowledge from the community, and 4) Strategy 4 Kit out: K4 Sourcing support resources.; 3) Using the community-based institutional administration model to promote students' career skills in the Chiang Mai education sandbox, it was found that the overall level of satisfaction in both teachers and educational personnel, and students towards the use of this model was at the highest level.; 4) The community-based institutional administration model to promote students' career skills in the Chiang Mai education sandbox that the researcher had developed to be more complete was under these five strategies as follows: 1) Strategy 1 Knowingly: K1 Knowingly situations in the world, 2) Strategy 2 Keep Step: K2 Keep moving steps forward together, 3) Strategy 3 Knowledge: K3 Transferring knowledge from the community, 4) Strategy 4 Kit out: K4 Sourcing support resources and 5) Strategy 5 Key success: K5 Key success. It was also found that there was a mechanism that supported this model, consisting of four mechanisms as follows: 1) policy mechanism, 2) academic cooperation building, 3) collaborative vision building, and 4) network party.

This article aims to present youth and adult education in the prison context, evaluating its effectiveness in resocialization from the observation of the pedagogical-administrative management of an elementary education school located in a medium-security prison in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraiba. The justification for this study is the belief that education opens the doors of knowledge, in which bridges are built for the critical development of human beings. The following question guided this research: What are the main challenges, limits, and possibilities of the administrative-pedagogical management of a school in a prison context for Youth and Adult Education deprived of freedom? This qualitative study relied on a five-question questionnaire addressed to its director. School in prison should be a place of freedom of thought and a place where the inmate would feel safe. The education role in the prison system is to rebuild the identity lost by the person deprived of freedom and to rescue their citizenship, thus making the prison environment less painful and a rightful place for those who are convicted.

Accreditation is an instrument of academic quality, transparency, efficiency and accountability at every step of educational systems. However, usually very few benefits of accreditation are listed when talking about educational context. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the benefits that accreditation processes in such sectors as health, management and business provide and adapt them to the context of educational organizations since these sectors have a longer historical background in quality assurance concerns and are more experienced than education. A sampling frame was established and the benefits of accreditation processes stressed in some articles, a guide book and a book from management, business and health sectors were investigated. Inductive document analysis was used and several themes and sub themes have emerged. Findings showed benefits for service recipients (clients/costumers), benefits for personnel, organizational benefits, inter-organizational benefits, benefits for the field/discipline, national and international benefits. They show that great effort should be put by all higher education institutions towards establishing notably reliable, acceptable and quality educational practices and outcomes by attaining accreditation.

The aim of this study was to investigate and delineate the perceived challenges of implementing an integrated talent management strategy at a South African tertiary institution. The study was conducted at a relatively new university that opened its doors on the 1st of January 2015. Since the inception of the university under study, the institution has grown considerably but without proper policies and strategies in place to ensure its competitiveness and sustainability within the current Higher Education and Training sector in the country. A qualitative research methodology in the form of semi-structured interviews conducted with a convenience sample of 10 participants was employed to execute the study. The sample was drawn from the population of directors and official representatives of administrative, academic and support staff. The inclusion of these participants was premised on the idea that by virtue of their job description, they would be most exposed to talent management issues. Results of the study indicate that the major challenges experienced in implementing an integrated talent management strategy at the university include lack of management commitment and budget, as well as unionism and resistance to change amongst staff. As such, the primary recommendations of this study are for demonstrated commitment by university management towards accessing adequate finances to facilitate the implementation of a sound talent management strategy that will assist in promoting both the quality and longevity of the tertiary education institution in question.

This study aims to review communication skills and empathic tendency levels of the students who studied at the department of sports management in a longitudinal manner. The study was designed in a longitudinal survey model of quantitative study methods. The study group consisted of 122 students (52 female students, 70 male students) who attended the first grade of Sarikamis Department of Sports Management, School of Physical Education and Sports, Kars Kafkas University in Turkey during the 2016-2017 academic year. To detect the differences, data collection tools were employed four times for the same students during the first grade of 2016-2017 academic year, the second grade of 2017-2018 academic year, the third grade of 2018-2019 academic year and the fourth grade of 2019-2020 academic year. As data collection tools, "The Communication Skills Scale" (CSS) developed by Korkut (1996) and Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) developed by Dökmen (1988) were used. The data were analyzed by using the Bonferroni post-hoc comparison test, independent t-test, analysis of one-way variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficients. The result found that both students' communication skills and emphatic tendency levels were high, their 3rd grade communication skill scores were higher in terms of grade/time variable, their emphatic skill scores were higher in the 3rd and 4th grades, their scores of communication skills and emphatic tendency did not differ in terms of age and gender variables and a positive correlation existed between communication skills and emphatic tendency at all levels.

This paper provides an analysis of the effects anti-Black violence have had on the return of Black colleagues (administrators, faculty, and staff) to higher education after the the 2020 murder of African American citizen George Floyd at the hands of now former Minneapolis police officers. Riffing off of R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles-Carter's song of return, "Find Your Way Back" and using it as a loose organizational rubric--each section is titled from the song's lyrics--I ask what answers we might find between return and resignation. The analysis starts with the question of return: How in the hell do Black colleagues return to the university after a collective trauma? The essay centralizes the concerns of Black colleagues in higher education, positioning us between resignation and return. It seeks to consider (pending a return) to what are we returning. To explore this liminal dilemma--resignation or return--the essay will trace the lineage of racism located in higher education to slavery and the violent exclusion of African Americans from gaining access to knowledge. Briefly tracing American education's lineage to White supremacy, I aim to frame our possible return against an institution that parodies its paternal line. The essay will show that the racism characteristic of American history morphed into an insidious, invisible source of oppression termed microaggressions. To address the consequences of racial microaggressions, I draw on psychotherapeutic clinical research on the effects of racial microaggressions on Black workers. Mirroring clinicians' approach to addressing the race-based problems of higher education, I call on the Black feminist scholar Audre Lorde's notion of "the erotic" as a spiritual power source. I look at how Lorde explored Black psychology and trauma within higher education in her poem "Blackstudies." Mining this and her other triumphant essay "Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power," I look to establish "the erotic" as a comparable counterpunch to microaggressions in higher education.

This study aims to analyze the metaphorical perceptions of sports management students in Turkey with regard to "leadership" notion. In the study, qualitative research method was used. The study group of the research was composed of 90 people studying at a Sports Management Department in a Faculty of Sports Sciences in 2020-2021 academic year in Turkey. In order to determine the metaphorical perceptions of prospective sports managers with regard to leadership Notion, the study required the participants to complete the sentence "Leadership is like... because...". The descriptive analysis method was used for the analysis of the data. The analysis showed that metaphorical descriptions made by the participants with regard to leadership were composed of the themes of 'providing guidance', 'influencing people', 'uniting people' and 'setting people in motion'. It was found that the most common metaphorical perception of participants with regard to leadership notion was 'providing guidance', followed by 'influencing people'. It was also seen that the least common metaphorical perceptions of participants with regard to leadership were related to the themes of 'setting people in motion' and 'uniting people'.

This practice-based approach argues service learning can teach social justice in parks & recreation management education. The US parks system creation and history is rooted in injustice. Use of US parks and park service employment remain inequitable today. Significant work must be done in the provision of recreation and park services to all members of the community, including those who have been traditionally marginalized or underserved. The industry requires recreation and parks professionals at all levels who are informed and intentional about inclusion and social justice, which starts with parks and recreation management education. Service-learning, a form of experiential learning allows students to participate in an organized service activity, meeting identified community needs and reflecting on the service activity, to further understand course content, foster a broader appreciation of the discipline, and enhance their sense of civic responsibility. The paper describes a semester long service learning example. Upper-level undergraduate sport management and hospitality and tourism management students at a small, private college in the Southeast adopted a park in collaboration with the local Parks & Recreation department. The students created a new recreational amenity site plan including access for persons with disabilities, designed new educational signage, and removed invasive flora species. The course contained content modules on social justice issues, including the history of Native Americans and the parks systems, racial discrimination in parks and parks administration, and recreational access for persons with disabilities and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Students met content knowledge learning objectives and reported skill acquisition and application of course material outside the classroom. With revision to improve student satisfaction, expand coverage of other marginalized groups in parks and recreation, and more explicitly connect course activities to equity and inclusion, this model can be replicated to successfully teach social justice.

The function of "Ikatan Guru Raudhatul Athfal," or what so-called by IGRA is ideally as a forum for professional development of educators and educational members of Early Childhood Education or ECE institutions. This research is aimed to figure out challenges faced by IGRA in East Kalimantan in relation to principles of organizational management i.e, planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling, or what so-called by POAC. In-dept interview was done to the head and members of IGRA in East Kalimantan in four different cities i.e, Samarinda, Balikpapan, Tenggarong, and Berau. Findings of this research indicate that principles of organizational management have not effectively been employed due to very crucial challenges, including leadership, organizational funding, IGRA members competency, government support, and some other critical barriers that trigger insufficient management implementation of IGRA in East Kalimantan. Research implications and suggestions are discussed further in this research.

This paper describes the findings of an exploratory study to understand industry satisfaction with administrative procedures and the value of student Work Integrated Learning (WIL) placements in health services management. The research aimed to collect data to identify potential areas for improvement of administrative processes for WIL and to determine the value received from host sites through student placement. We used a survey to collect both quantitative and qualitative data using an instrument we developed for this study. The survey was distributed to workplace supervisors hosting health services management students. Using descriptive statistics and analysing responses received the views reflected that students complete work of value within their organisations and students are placed in a diverse range of health care settings private, public, and non-government organisations. Feedback received from workplace supervisors has been used to improve WIL administrative processes, streamline communications, and provide further clarity of expectations. This paper will be of interest to Universities who offer niche programs, such as in health services management, and in describing the value of WIL from industry perspectives. The study has also identified future areas for research such as replication of the survey and testing in other academic disciplines who support work integrated learning courses.

Genre studies on the job cover letter (letter of application) have focused mainly on linguistic analyses of the genre in terms of the generic structure and linguistic strategies commonly used by applicants. These studies have taken the view that the cover letter was an open-ended opportunity for favourable self-promotion. However, to date no study has provided a detailed description of the context in which these letters were written. This study examines one essential contextual aspect, the job advertisement, and its impact on the cover letter. It aims to determine if the cover letter is still of major significance in the application process in the digital era. Based on a genre-based analysis of a case study of an online job advertisement from an Australian-based recruitment website together with the response of an applicant, it is found that the open-ended and creative cover letter may no longer be the preeminent genre of the job application process.

The aim of this study is to assess the impact that the current status of the country and of the education system has on the identity and place attachment of the students attending the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th grades of the elementary school, in the context of the meanings these students attribute to the concept of homeland via the metaphors they have created and the pictures they have drawn. The study was conducted on 27 male and 33 female students that attend the Yedidalga Elementary School in the Lefke District of Northern Cyprus. Metaphors and pictures were chosen as the tools to assess the students' perceptions of the concept of homeland, and for this reason, the students were asked to reflect their perceptions of the concept of homeland on the metaphors they create and on the pictures they draw. The data obtained were analyzed using the methods of descriptive analysis and document analysis. Students produced a total of 20 metaphors that were categorized into 4 themes about the concept of homeland, and produced pictures, in which they used blue color the most followed by green color. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that the students' perceptions about the concept of homeland focus mostly on national values and loyalty, and that the elementary school students associated the concept of homeland predominantly with a sense of protection of national values. [The page range on the .pdf (85-98) is incorrect. The correct page range is 84-98.]

Individuals and societies continue and end their lives within the framework of values. One of the most important of these values is the concept of homeland. Homeland refers to the land, where the individuals were born and live in, a piece of which may also be owned by such individuals. The concept of homeland is always given utmost importance in the curricula. In this context, it is important to determine the perceptions of elementary and middle school students towards the concept of homeland in order for foreseeing the love they felt for, and the importance they attach to, the geography they live in. In this study, it is aimed to reveal what students understand from the concept of homeland through metaphors. Phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research patterns, was used in this research. The study group of the research comprises 580 students. "Convenience sampling" was used in sample selection. In this study, elementary and middle school students were given a form of incomplete sentences in the following format of "Homeland is like ............... Because ................." as a data collection tool, and then they were asked to write their opinions by filling the blanks. The results of the study revealed that the participants expressed a total of 59 metaphors in relation to the concept of homeland. Based on the metaphors developed by students for the concept of "homeland", 7 categories were created. These categories are; Administration, Vitality, Concrete Object, National Value, Security, Value, Social Environment. The results of the study indicate that particular attention should be paid to the synonyms of the word "Homeland". It would be useful to organize certain activities in order to create a sense of belonging and national awareness among the students.

The aim of the study was to examine the differences between the sports training and services provided by local governments in Istanbul, a metropolitan city, and the city of Bursa. The sample of the study was chosen randomly among the residents of both provinces. There were a total of 519 participants, 288 (55.5%) selected in Istanbul and 231 (44.5%) selected from Bursa. The research used a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part consists of 10 single-item demographic questions developed by the researcher (age, gender, marital status, chronic illness, education, occupation, economic status, participation in activities, weekly sports time, and city of residence). In the research, the "Opinion of Public about Sports Services of Local Authorities" scale developed by Tekin (2013) for his thesis on Keçiören Municipality in Ankara province was used. The scale consists of 4 sub-dimensions. These sub-dimensions are: Sports Services (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Sports Management (items 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), Sports Facility Operation (items 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) and Sports Facility Usage (items 19, 20, 21, 22, 23). The SPSS (25.0) program was used for the analysis of the data. Frequency and percentage values were used in descriptive statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups for data that did not show normal distribution. A statistically significant difference was found between the scores for sports management, sports facility operation and sports facility usage provided by local governments in the cities of Bursa and Istanbul (p <0.05). Participants in Istanbul were found to have higher scores in sports management, sports facility operation and sports facility usage compared to participants from Bursa, and the difference was found to be significant (p<0.05). [Note: The page range (137-148) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range for this article is p137-149. The following article begins on page 149.]

Prior research has indicated that students in the undergraduate physics lab divide work inequitably with regard to gender. In this work, we further probed women's experiences in lab group work, focusing on women who take on managerial and leadership roles in the lab. We interviewed and surveyed women enrolled in a sophomore-level project-based lab course, drawing on a practice-linked identity framework to characterize their opportunities for engagement and identity development within the course. Although we observed some gender inequities in group work, we also found that taking on a manager role had a positive impact on many women's development of physics lab identity. Our results suggest that instructors should take into account women's individual experiences and preferences for particular roles when structuring equitable group work.

Succession planning could ensure leadership continuity in an organization. Organizations start to realize the importance of strong leadership to maintain, grow, and sustain long-term business productivity. The semi-structured interview which lasts for thirty to forty minutes was used as the interview technique throughout this research because the semi-structured interview is more conversational and it also allowed the researcher to ask the questions in a more flexible way. The interview method found out the systematic succession planning system in University A. The primary data was from interviews that shows the systematic succession planning in University A, and the gathered data will show some of the practices. Overall, the succession planning management had followed up the seven-pointed model as proposed by Rothwell. The seven-pointed model as proposed by Rothwell had ensured the process of identifying a management position at the selected university. In this study, the research objective and research question has been answered by the researcher. The final results further explained the process of succession planning together with the recommendation of the study. Future research on succession planning in higher education can be improved to get better research results as if the data collection can be expanded to all levels of management in University A, as compared to this research which only covered the staff involved in the strategic position level.

The article reviews the literature in the field of academic journal publishing highlighting the phenomenon of the recent entry of Internet-driven open access journals into a field dominated by the traditional subscription journals. The article has a twofold purpose of gaining an understanding of the main features and characteristics of the open access journal system through a review of the literature; and assessing the extent of adoption of open access by researchers in the management discipline through a review of the management publications by the University of the West Indies (UWI) researchers. A sequential exploratory strategy of two phases was used. The first phase focused on the collection of secondary data on journal publishing and the second involved reviewing the publishing record of the UWI with particular reference to management research. The main finding is that open access was not fully embraced as a publishing outlet because of academic resistance derived from questions of acceptability, and the existence of a system that assigns greater recognition to the established subscription journals. The article concludes that open access journals have grown in respectability and quality and are a good option for publishing management research by authors located in developing regions, provided the operational characteristics of this mode of publishing are understood and caution in journal selection is exercised.

This study compared students' expectations, perceptions, and grades in two undergraduate technology management courses at a university in the United States. One course was a technical course taught by a single instructor in an online course section and in a face-to-face section, and the second was a nontechnical course taught by a different instructor in an online and in a face-to-face section. Different concerns were evident between online and face-to-face students and between those in a technical or nontechnical section of a course. For the technical course sections, grades were higher in the online section.

The academic oral presentation (henceforth AOP) is an important genre for tertiary students across various courses and disciplines in the university. Despite the importance of AOPs for undergraduate students, relatively little is known about this genre. Using Swales' (1990, 2004) notion of move analysis, this paper compares the rhetorical structure of the introduction sections of academic oral presentations from two different fields, namely English language and Administrative Sciences. The findings show some similarities in the AOPs whereby the introduction section contained three moves, and their related steps were similar to previous studies on the rhetorical structure of oral presentations but with few variations. The linguistic features used were also found to be similar in both corpora revealing that students were able to transfer their rhetorical knowledge and linguistic features from one context to another. This study reveals that variation in AOPs is possible in different courses and disciplines. Thus, having genre awareness can help students adapt their genre knowledge to the context.

Across many international contexts, the design and construction of architecturally different school buildings has become a key strategy in providing innovative learning environments designed to prepare students for work and life in the 21st century. Despite the global popularity of this strategy, research has highlighted persistent challenges associated with the transition to, and occupation of innovative learning environments. We explore the nexus between risk and innovation, reporting on data arising from a primary school in Australia, built as part of one state government's Private Public Partnership initiatives. We apply a conceptual framework for risk and public service innovation and a responsible innovation framework to investigate how the school leaders and the architect understood the educational intentions, values and risks that shaped their school design and to assess users' perceptions of their new school. Our findings draw attention to how responses to externally driven design innovation in the complex and dynamic environment of a school can create risk and uncertainty for users on multiple levels. We argue that the application of a responsible innovation framework provides a mechanism to highlight limitations in school design processes and opportunities to improve alignment and on-going adaptation of schools for future conditions.

Despite the huge investment in Knowledge Management (KM) initiatives by many organizations, KM projects are facing a high failure rate. One of the main reasons is the lack of alignment between business and KM strategies. This study aims to identify and prioritize the factors affecting strategic alignment between business and KM strategies. A comprehensive literature review integrated with the focus group method was used to identify and classify effective factors of KM strategic alignment. Next, a survey method was conducted to evaluate and prioritize the extracted factors suggested by the experts. Further, the sign test was used to analyze the priorities of these factors using Shannon's entropy method. The results reveal that the key factors affecting strategic alignment between business strategies and KM include knowledge-based culture, KM governance, and strategic approach to KM, communication between KM and business, top management support, human resource capabilities, environmental and competitive factors and IT management capabilities. The findings provide a comprehensive KM-business strategic framework.

Many young student-athletes living in Turkey prefer Faculties of Sport Sciences in various universities for their academic, sports and vocational career developments. In this process, attitudes towards sports of student-athletes gain importance. In this context, the purpose of the present research is studying the factors affecting the Faculty of Sport Sciences students' attitudes towards sports. The population consists of all undergraduate students studying at Faculties of Sports Sciences of various universities. The sample group consists of 842 students (Avg.age= 21,49 ±3,18) from each department and each undergraduate level. "Attitude towards Sport Scale (ATSS)" developed by Sentürk and "University Life Scale (ULS)" developed by Aladag et al. were used as the data collection tools and the scale was applied on electronic environment on participants. The data, which were found reliable (ATSS a=0,873; ULS a=0,831), were tested as normal with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p>,05), and so were suitable for parametric tests. Accordingly, independent samples t-test and one-way variance analysis were used for comparison analyses and Pearson correlation test was used for correlation analyses. It was found that, freshman students, especially the evening education students of Coaching Education department, had significantly more positive attitudes towards sports. The most prominent finding of the research was that the attitudes towards sports decreased as the grade levels and ages of the students increased. In addition, attitudes towards the sport decrease as the students' adaptation to the university environment, academic life and social life increased. Supporting these findings with a qualitative study by means of interviewing on the same subject will provide an exploratory study on the decrease in attitude towards the sport as the age increases.

The aim of this research study is to investigate the social appearance anxiety and self-esteem levels of sports management department students concerning some variables. 328 students participated in research group, who were studying at Erciyes University Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences in the 2018-2019 academic year. The research was conducted with the survey model. In order to determine participant students' social appearance anxiety and self-esteem levels, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data SPSS program was used. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the social appearance anxiety and self-esteem levels of Sports Management department students are in the medium range. Also a statistically significant negative correlation was determined between the social appearance anxiety and self-esteem levels of the students. There were statistically significant differences in the social appearance anxiety levels of the sport management students concerning the gender, age, and the academic grade. However, there was statistically no significant difference concerning the sport branch, doing regular exercises, doing active sport, and average grades. As per the self-esteem levels of the sport management students; there was statistically no significant difference concerning the gender, age, sport branch, average grades, academic grades, doing active sport, and doing regular exercises.

The human development sector has been influenced largely by the integration of ICT in education and different sectors. This study explored the employees' perceptions on the influence of ICT as catalyst for pedagogical changes in order to create a smart manpower requirement for 21st century. The study was qualitative in its nature. Thirty-six respondents participated in this study. Data were collected through interview conducted to explore different views related to how ICT influences the pedagogical changes to generate a smart human capital for the development of countries. Results revealed ICT as a transformational tool that influences the attainment of new skills required by students, teachers and other different employees in other working sectors. Employees' perceptions towards the role of ICT in changing pedagogical activities in order to create a smart manpower requirement for this century were positive. The study also proposed different recommendations which would be considered in order to solve all identified barriers.

This article presents viewpoint on new competencies that are needed in world of image and technologization of world and education. It analyzes how changes in the world, changed the teacher profession form teacher whose main competency is knowledge, to teacher who should be more manager than educational leader. Knowledge itself is no longer such value because of new media and easy access to it. This is significant change because teacher used to be a person who is well educated and has bigger knowledge that his pupils. Now teacher should organize teaching process and teach how to learn, how to choose right information, how to organize learning to be effective.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of organizational virtue perceived by of the employees of educational organizations on the perceived organizational happiness at schools which is their work places. Data collection was conducted through the "Organizational Virute" (OVS) and "School Organizational Happiness" (SOHS) scales from a group of teachers (N = 242) working at elementary schools. The OVS, used to collect data at the study, has three sub-dimensions as "Optimism, Trust and grace, Integrity and forgiveness" while the SOHS has five sub-dimensions as "Management processes, Professional attitude, Workplace communication, Devotion and Economic conditions". Results of the correlation tests showed that there is positive associations that are mostly at medium and high levels between all sub dimensions of the OV scale and all sub-dimensions of the SOH scale. Results of the multiple regression analysis demonstrated that some of the sub-dimensions of the SOH scale estimate certain sub-dimensions of the OVS except for the "economic conditions" sub-dimension: The "Optimism" sub-dimension of the OVS estimates the "Trust and Grace" sub-dimension, "Professional attitude" estimates "Communication" whereas the "Honesty and forgiveness" sub-dimension estimates the "Management processes, Professional attitude and Devotion" sub-dimensions. The constant values calculated by the multiple regression analysis for all sub-dimensions are significant indicates that other factors than organizational virtue, that are not covered by this study, also have certain impacts on school organizational happiness.

Employers claim managerial skills are more important for community public health students than specialist subject knowledge. However, to date, there is no valid and reliable instrument to measure these skills. Furthermore, employers' viewpoints are often not considered in developing such a measure. This study aimed to develop an instrument by considering employers' perspectives in health agencies to define the required managerial skills new graduates should possess. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. A preliminary list of skills was developed based on the Delphi technique. The final list was then distributed to 410 employers who provided feedback. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to analyze the responses. The employers identified 19 items that indicate four types of managerial skills students need to possess: (a) vision-grounded skill, (b) collaboration skill, (c) systems thinking skill, and (d) health promotion and disease prevention skill. Each skill has a Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranging from 0.87 to 0.94. The ability to collaborate is the most crucial skill. The limited but valid and reliable tool is relevant in the Thai context because a few instruments are already measuring "competency" or "leadership" skills of community public health professionals. Educators and employers should prepare new practitioners with the four managerial skills identified in the study to perform their jobs effectively.

Since 2002, the number of academy schools in England has increased -- first gradually and then, since the 2010 Academies Act, rapidly. For some, a full academisation of the school system in England appears inevitable. In this paper, however, I explore how new teachers and senior leaders within academy primary schools quietly resist identifying as academy teachers, and in doing so resist the wider process of academisation. This resistance gives those who are opposed to academisation hope that another future is possible, one in which academisation is stalled and perhaps reversed.

Due to the popularity of sport, the need to have sport management programs that properly train practitioners is justified (Pedersen & Thibault, 2014). However, with 505 sport management bachelors programs worldwide ("Degrees in Sports," n.d.) housed in various academic units, there is little consistency within the field of study. This paper strives to explore the field of sport management and to better understand sport management faculty members' perceptions of the discipline. Grounded in Foucault's (1971) theory of discourse, total of 154 sport management faculty members worldwide participated in the study. The data revealed there is a lack of consistency within the field regarding faculty members' perceptions of sport management. This study offers a vital, first step in an empirical examination of a critical phenomenon in the sport management academy.