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This study investigates whether the lack of growth in female leadership in college athletics is related to factors internal to the candidates. Specifically, it analyzes career motivation among NCAA Division II athletic administrators and their career path choices in advancement to Division I as a function of gender and position. The entire population of Division II athletic administrators at the assistant athletic director level or higher was surveyed generating 327 useable responses. Results indicate there are no significant differences in career motivation for male and female Division II athletic administrators. A main effect exists only for position, with athletic directors scoring higher than assistants and associates in career motivation. Vertical career path movement to Division I is not perceived as advancement by the majority of Division II athletic administrators because of different organizational structures and philosophies thus creating a self-imposed barrier between the two divisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the increasing debate on the relative worth of small events compared to large events, we create a theoretical model to determine whether smaller events are more likely to create positive economic impact. First, event size and city size are redefined as continuums of resources. The concepts of event resource demand (ERD) and city resource supply (CRS) are introduced, allowing for a joint analysis of supply and demand. When local economic conditions are brought into the analysis, the framework determines how a city resource deficiency or surplus affects the economic impact of an event. This resource-based approach assists public officials and event organizers in making more rational decisions for hosting events when they pursue positive economic impacts. Specifically, we find small events have a higher potential for positive economic impact and hosting multiple smaller-sized events is a better strategy than hosting a big event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there has been research into what teams, leagues, and athletes post on social media and the impact of post content on social media engagement, there is limited understanding and empirical research on the impact of broadcasting media on social sport consumption. There are an increasing number of new media through which sport leagues can distribute their content to fans. This research examines the impact of different broadcast platforms on game day engagement with WNBA team Twitter accounts. Using data for the 2016-2018 seasons, results indicate athlete/team quality and performance were positively associated with post engagement, underscoring the importance of the core sport product and potentially indicating that the WNBA is developing a star-driven culture similar to the NBA. In addition, broadcasting on League Pass or local TV (for home teams) and Twitter were associated with lower post engagement suggesting we have more to learn about maximizing online engagement., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Pegoraro, Kennedy, Agha, Brown and Berri.)