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ساهم التقدم الكبير والحركة المتسارعة والمتغيرة التي طالت جميع مجالات الحياة في توجه عدد كبير من الأشخاص للاعتماد على الأغذية المصنعة والمعلبة والوجبات السريعة وأصبح من الصعب على كل شخص تحديد الأطعمة الصحية المناسبة له مما ساهم في تردي الحالة الصحية. ازدياد انتشار الأمراض المزمنة المتعلقة بالتغذية وارتفاع عدد الوفيات المسببة بها، جعل من اتباع نظام غذائي صحي ضرورة ملحة وأكد على أهمية اللصاقة الغذائية ودورها في التخطيط لهذا النظام الغذائي. هَدَف هذا البحث إلى مقارنة كمية العناصر الغذائية المدونة على اللصاقة الغذائية لبعض المنتجات المسوقة محلياً بمحتواها الفعلي من هذه العناصر. أظهرت هذه الدراسة وجود فرق إحصائي هام في قيم كل من الدهون، البروتين، الألياف والكربوهيدرات بين النتائج التحليلية والقيم المدونة على اللصاقة الغذائية ل 13 منتجاً، 7 منتجات، 7 منتجات و ل 15 منتجاً من أصل 18 منتجاً غذائياً تم تحليله، على التوالي. أكدت هذه الدراسة على ضرورة مطابقة قيم العناصر الغذائية المدونة على لصاقة المنتجات الغذائية للقيم الحقيقية التي يتم الحصول عليها بالطرق التحليلية لهذه العناصر، كما أبرزت أهمية وجود قانون يفرض وضع لصاقة غذائية على جميع المنتجات الغذائية المغلفة والمعبأة مسبقاً في سوريا ويحدد مجالات قبول للنسبة المئوية للاختلاف (Tolerance limits) بين النتائج التحليلية والقيم المدونة على اللصاقات الغذائية فيها.

This paper explores the effects of implementing Learning Express-Ways as an instructional communication tool between students and faculty in courses that are part of a special education teacher preparation program and apprenticeship. Findings suggest that using Learning Express-Ways contributed to the development of learning relationships with faculty and this instructional communication tool may be helpful in creating a partnership-focused approach in special education teacher preparation program.

This research study discusses results from a mixed-methods study of N=164 pre-service teachers' perceptions of and involvement in professional related activities and organizations related to students with special needs. Results found similarities between special education and general education certification seekers perceptions of beneficial training topics and perceived roadblocks to professional development participation. Since the job-related duties of teachers is vast and attrition rates of highly qualified special education teachers indicate that they leave the classroom at approximately twice the rate of their general education counterparts (Mitchell & Arnold, 2004), suggestions for increased training and professional opportunities are discussed specific to teacher preparation programs.

It is without question that technology in schools is here to stay. Educators have always been interested in the extent to which technology can be used to transform education and enhance student learning; however, the degree to which it is utilized in teacher preparation programs for pre-service teachers in terms of Web 2.0 use with future students is under debate. Web 2.0 use can be a particularly interesting tool for teachers to use in differentiating instructional strategies for students with disabilities in inclusive settings. Therefore, it is worthwhile for teacher preparation programs to look at how Web 2.0 platforms can further support students in special education in such settings. The following study delineates data from a study of N = 82 pre-service teachers. Throughout the course of this study, all students were administered a pre- and post-survey that asked questions specific to current knowledge of Web 2.0 and the extent to which they thought it could be used in their future teaching practices. In addition, all students completed an assignment within their respective courses that embedded a specific Web 2.0 component. This assignment required pre-service teacher candidates to utilize the Pinterest platform to find and 'pin' educational materials specific to students with whom they will work with in future inclusive classrooms, relative to the various categories of special education.

To meet the ever-increasing teaching standards, pre-service special educators need extensive and advanced opportunities for pedagogical preparation prior to entering the classroom. Providing opportunities for pre-service special educators to practice such strategies within a virtual simulation environment offers teacher preparation programs a way to individualize the teaching and practice of various pedagogical aspects needed when new educators enter their first classroom. Coupling such simulations with specific instructional coaching allows for increased and individualized remediation of the way instruction is given, classroom management practices, or getting to know your student population. This exploratory case study investigated the extent to which virtual simulations combined with instructional coaching impacted the way pre-service educators learned how to provide opportunities to respond (OTR) to the avatar students through the repeated teaching of a lesson over four sessions.

It is no question that preparing teachers to work with the many facets involved in special education is a daunting task. Upon entering the classroom on the first day, special education teachers are expected to be prepared (Sayeski, 2015) when presented with numerous responsibilities (Collins, Sweigart, Landrum, & Cook, (2017), including parent collaboration and involvement in the individualized education plan (IEP) process. This article offers a strategy, mini-conferencing, for training novice special education teachers to foster the increased participation of parents in IEP meetings. Recommendations for best practice used to establish the mini-conference and a step-by-step guide for implementation are discussed.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of intra-articular PRP injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Study Design: Cross Sectional. Setting: Orthopedic Department of Mardan Medical Complex. Period: 13th August to 14th December 2023. Methods: Involving 50 diagnosed osteoarthritis patients at demographic data, grades of osteoarthritis, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were recorded pre-treatment. Patients received PRP injections at three intervals, and post-treatment WOMAC scores were assessed. Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviations, and a paired t-test. Results: The study comprised 66% female patients, with a mean age of 50.08±5.82 and mean BMI of 27.16±3.53. Regarding grades of osteoarthritis, grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 comprised of n=14(28%), 19(38%), 17(34%) respectively PRP treatment significantly reduced WOMAC scores from a pre-treatment mean of 56.62±5.70 to 27.54±4.79 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The significant reduction in WOMAC scores post-treatment suggests that intra-articular PRP injections may serve as a valuable intervention in the short term management of knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the short term outcome of intra-articular corticosteroid injection the treatment of chronic shoulder pain. Study Design: Descriptive Study. Setting: Mardan Medical Complex, MTI. Period: 12th August 2023 to 15th December 2023. Methods: All patients of chronic shoulder pain fulfilling inclusion criteria were administered intraarticular corticosteroid injection. Pre intervention demographic and visual analogue scale (VAS) score and DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) scores were noted. All patients underwent through intraarticular corticosteroid injection procedure. VAS score and DASH score was calculated again on four week follow up visit. Both scores were compared by paired t test using SPSS version 23. The pre and post injection VAS and DASH scores were compared and p value calculated using paired t test. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total of 50 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 50.08+6.43yrs and mean duration of symptoms was 5.7+1.6 months. 64% (n=32) of the patients were male, while 36% (n=18) were female about a total of 64% (n=32) of the patients were diabetic. Majority (56%, n=28) of patients exhibited left-side involvement, while 44% (22) presented with right-side involvement. The mean pre intervention VAS score was 79.86 + 6.32 and DASH score was 59.98+8.44. The mean post intervention VAS score was 15.7+4.1and DASH score was 49.78+6.33. After applying paired t-test on pre and post intervention scores, both VAS and DASH score was statistically significant with p value of <0.001. Conclusion: Intra-articular corticosteroid injection significantly relieved shoulder pain and improved functional outcome in short term follow up in patients with chronic shoulder pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Soil salinity is an emerging threat to plant growth and crop production, resulting in substantial economic losses. Pea is one of the most important leguminous crops being grown all over the world being affected. Keeping in view the stress alleviation of glutathione, current investigation was designed to evaluate the beneficial role of seed priming with glutathione on morphological and biochemical attributes of pea under sodium fluoride stress. Methods: For this purpose, pea seeds primed with 25, 50, and 70 µM L-1 glutathione. Sodium fluoride caused a significant decline in seed germination percentage, root and shoot length. Glutathione primed seed improved the fresh and dry biomass, root nodules and proline content of Pea plant. Results: The 50uM-1 enhanced the growth rate by 50%, photosynthetic rate by 93% under NaF stress. Glutathione primed seed also enhanced the gas exchange parameters, i.e., transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, by 80% and 89%, respectively. Conclusions: Consequently, the results of the current study demonstrated that seed priming with glutathione can reduce the sodium fluoride stress and improved the growth of pea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the impact of brand personality dimensions i.e., sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness on brand love and subsequently assesses the mediating role of brand love in transmitting the absorbed effect to brand loyalty for the fashion clothing retail brands in Pakistan. Empirical data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire from 350 randomly selected consumers within the age group of 18-42 years, who comprise a major portion of the retail fashion clothing retail brands' market. The proposed conceptual model was assessed through Structural Equation Model, utilizing Smart PLS V. 3.2.8 to test the hypothesized relationships. All the dimensions of the brand personality that consumers perceived as congruent, proved to have a significantly positive effect on brand love except for ruggedness. Brand love was found to have a significantly positive effect on brand loyalty. Besides direct relationships, brand love strongly mediates the relationship between brand personality dimensions and brand loyalty except for ruggedness. This study contributes to the brand management literature by empirically testing the relationships underpinned by congruency theory, between brand personality dimensions namely, excitement, ruggedness, sophistication, competence, sincerity, and brand love. Besides, utilizing support of the attachment theory, it empirically established a significantly positive relationship between brand love and brand loyalty in the specific context of fashion clothing brands available in Pakistan. Practically it presents interesting insights to the brand managers to articulate the brand communication messages that are not only relevant but also portray congruent brand personality and trigger their love into active brand loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing teacher candidates to provide learning strategies that support the differentiated needs of students should be at the forefront of all educator preparation programs (EPPs). Teacher candidates must become fluid in providing strategies that promote students' individualized academic and social–emotional growth as well as strategies that support effective collaboration to enhance student productivity across the school environment. This pilot study explored the use of mixed reality (e.g., Mursion) as a tool to support pre-service general and special education teacher preparation and improvement of self-efficacy related to student engagement and instructional strategies. This study collected data on teacher candidates' pre-/post-self-efficacy and participant self-reflections from an EPP in the United States. The results of this study yielded ideas as to how EPPs can better support teacher candidate preparation using a mixed-reality platform, as data revealed participant increase in self-efficacy and gains in the use of student engagement and instructional strategies that supported the use of evidence-based and high-leverage practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride is abundant in the environment and toxic to all living organisms above a certain threshold. Fluoride exposure causes physiological, molecular, and biochemical changes in plants. The current study was initiated to determine the response of plants grown under fluoride stress administered as a soil drench. During the growth season of October 2019 to December 2019, the Lactuca sativa L. was experimented. Sodium fluoride (NaF) concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm were applied to plants twice a week as soil drench to create stressed conditions. With increasing NaF concentration, there was a gradual reduction in morphological, biomass, and yield attributes and at the highest concentration, i.e, 300ppm, the growth was least. By observing the negative effects of NaF on plants, the current pot experiment concludes that Lettuce is sensitive to NaF stress. Future researchers may direct their studies to alleviate NaF stress by understanding the biochemical changes occurring in the plant during stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing rate of globalization, industrialization and the resultant population growth (urbanization) have caused severe environmental problems in the world. One of these problems is soil salinity; a threat to crop production in Pakistan. Fluoride acts as an environmental pollutant and even at lower ambient fluoride concentrations many physiological changes may begin in the plants. Some of these changes may have important consequences such as reduction in growth and yield. Therefore, the present investigation was commenced to determine the responses of Spinach plants grown under fluoride stress given. The effect of Sodium Fluoride on Spinach variety (All Green) was studied during growth season October 2019-December 2019. The concentrations of fluoride of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm were applied to plants as soil drench twice a week to create stressed condition. It was observed that plant height and biomass production of Spinach plant decreased under Fluoride stress while this stress was not found in control. Successive gradual reduction in yield characters was also observed with increased Sodium Fluoride concentration. After 60 days of sowing, shoot and root length of plants treated with 300 ppm were 16.23 cm and 7.53 cm respectively, far less than those of control. By observing the deleterious effects of NaF on plants, it is concluded that sodium fluoride present in the soil causes a marked reduction in growth and other attributes of Spinach plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile users today are much more aware of third-party tracking activities resulting in highly targeted advertising. Companies need to consider whether there is a notable evolution in consumer behavior towards mobile advertising due to heightened privacy concerns. Subsequently, almost 10 million Pakistani smartphone users have installed ad-blocking browsers on their smartphones. This research study aims to tackle this issue of ad avoidance by looking into the factors that may improve user attitudes towards in-app ads and result in greater ad acceptance. This study explores attitudes towards in-app mobile advertising in terms of perceptions regarding advertising utility, irritation, trust, and privacy concerns and explores the role of permission in mitigating privacy concerns. The structural equation modeling was adopted using AMOS v-22, using cross-sectional data from a sample of 684 individuals. The findings of the study offer guidance to app developers and advertising professionals in designing and directing advertising content more effectively and ensuring excellent ad-click rates. The study also provides some insight into understanding the ad-avoidance behavior prevailing in Pakistan and how marketers can redesign their marketing approach and techniques to control it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation In persuasion of green agenda, firms are now taking an active part to create pro-environmental behavior within employees via Green Human Resource Management Practices (GHP). Many scholars agreed to the fact that there is a need of implementing GHP properly as this way; a better green outcome can be achieved. Therefore, the present study aims to examine whether GHP affects green creativity and ultimately the green performance of employees in the presence of green factors i.e. green self-efficacy and green engagement in terms of environmental sustainability. The proposed model highlighted the role of green self-efficacy and green employee engagement as two important mediators in the relationship between GHP and green creativity. A framework is developed in the light of previous literature and is evaluated through AMOS-22 and SPSS-22 software. The study adopted a convenience sampling approach and collected data from the respondents in the context of the telecommunication industry. Lastly, the implications, limitations, and future recommendations have also been discussed at the end of the pape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women with heart disease during pregnancy are at higher risk, which can harm the fetus. This risk can be reduced if we diagnose and treat it early. The decision-making system is very helpful in such situations. Many clinical decision-making systems have been proposed, but they are too complicated for medical experts to understand and adapt. Here, we develop a new neutrosophic model for early diagnosis and explain it using explainable artificial techniques. Our model is taking eight symptoms and signs as inputs and determines the diagnosis, type of treatment, and prognosis. Age, obesity, smoking, family pathological history, personal pathological history, electrocardiogram, ultrasound, and functional class are the inputs of this model. Six diagnoses can be made- obstruction at existing, obstruction at entry, rhythm disorder, conduction disorders, congenital diseases, genetic diseases. The types of treatments are- pregnancy interruption, diuretic treatment, anti-arrhythmic treatment, treatment with beta-blockers and anticoagulants treatment. The prognosis is- eutectic delivery, dystocic delivery, the child with complications, child without complications, mother with complications, and mother without complications. The main parts of this system are neutrosophication, knowledge base, inference engine, de-neutrosophication, and explainability. To present the entire execution of the proposed system, we design an algorithm and compute its time complexity to demonstrate the working of the entire system. We compared the results of different methods to gain confidence in our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of polycystic ovarian syndrome in female medical students and the risk factors associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College, from Apr to Dec 2017. Methodology: All female medical students studying MBBS in Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College in 2017 were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to all female medical students and polycystic ovarian syndrome was diagnosed through Rotterdam criteria. An interview was scheduled with the students diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome to assess the risk factors associated with this condition. Results: Two hundred and forty two students participated in the study with a mean age of 21 ± 1.6 years. The frequency of polycystic ovarian syndrome in female medical students in year 2017 was 19.4% as 47 female students out of 242 fit the rotterdam consensus criteria for polycystic ovarian syndrome. Mean age of the students diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome was 20 ± 1.4 years. Six out of 47 patients (13%) had BMI >30. 37 out of 47 students (78%) used fats/oils/sweets daily or more than once a day. Family history of diabetes mellitus was positive in 34 out of 47 students (72%). Conclusion: Our study showed a high frequency of polycystic ovarian syndrome in female medical students, which calls for a national study to look at its prevalence in our young female population, as it has long-term consequences for their reproductive and metabolic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common but least studied complication of lymphoma. Objective. To determine the frequency and predictors of AKI in lymphoma and to study the impact of AKI on hospital stay and mortality. Methods. Retrospective review of medical records of hospitalized lymphoma patients aged >=14 years between January 2008 and December 2011 was done. Results. Out of 365 patients, AKI was present in 31.8% (116/365). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors for AKI included sepsis (odds ratio (OR) 3.76; 95% CI 1.83-7.72), aminoglycosides (OR 4.75; 95% CI 1.15-19.52), diuretics (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.31-6.69), tumor lysis syndrome (OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.54-9.59), and R-CVP regimen (OR 4.70; 95% CI 1.20-18.36). AKI stages 2 and 3 was associated with increased hospital stay (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.19-3.40). Conclusion. AKI was significantly associated with sepsis, aminoglycoside, diuretics, presence of tumor lysis syndrome, and use of R-CVP regimen. Presence of AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) stages 2 and 3 AKI had increased hospital stay. AKI was also associated with increased mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to assess the level of awareness about sexually transmitted diseases in females of different age groups and to investigate the role that education and social status may play in their knowledge. It was a cross-sectional study, conducted at the CMH Lahore's Gynaecology and Obstetrics out-patient department, from June 2019 till July 2019. Three hundred and thirty-seven participants were interviewed, after obtaining a written informed consent. These participants were females who presented at the CMH Gynaecology & Obstetrics OPD, with any particular complaint. Those who did not give consent were not included in the study. The participants were given a hard copy of the questionnaire to fill and any queries that they had were answered on the spot. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Of the 337 participants interviewed, 158 were aged 26-35 years; 71 were undergraduates and 99 had completed post graduate studies. To determine their socioeconomic status, they were asked about their family income; 205 participants belonged to families with an income of less than Rs50,000. Most participants (229) had presented to the OPD for a routine pregnancy check-up. Of the 337 participants, 244 attested to know about STD's and the most common source of their knowledge was through TV (142), followed by the internet (137); 251 participants were familiar with limited STDs such as AIDS and Hepatitis B. The study showed that age, level of education, and income have a profound effect on the knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases amongst the women in Pakistan.