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In a recent study, La+3 substituted T-type hexagonal ferrites S r 2 − x L a x F e 8 O 14 with concentration of (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) with increment of 0.05 step length was fabricated by sol–gel auto-combustion route. XRD results revealed that with the increment in the substitution of La+3 ions, the lattice parameters (a) and (c) decreased, and hence the unit cell volume decreased. The crystallite size was observed to vary in the range of 20.21–29.30 nm. The dielectric constant was observed to decrease as a function of frequency mean while the dielectric constant values declined with La3+ ions substitutions. The ac conductivity of samples enhanced with the increase in applied frequency. The FTIR spectra exhibited the absorption bands at different wave numbers (447, 570, and 1532 cm−1) indicating the stretching vibration of carbon-oxygen and metal-Oxygen ions within material. In the P-E graphs, the samples divulged the lossy behavior and this lossy behavior varied inversely with doping concentration. The decrease in lossy behavior was observed with the La3+ contents which unveiled the enhancement in resistivity of the samples. The saturation magnetization decreased with the substitution of La3+ contents which was reasoned to the spin canting effect of rare earth ions. The law of approach to saturation magnetization (LAS) was applied for fitting the magnetic curves and the results showed coincidence between the experimental and theoretical results. The coercivity of the samples increased drastically with La3+ ions substitution and the samples converted from soft magnetic materials to hard magnetic materials. The samples with high coercivity values might be suitable for high-density storage devices. Highlights: A series of T-hexaferrites was prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method. The XRD analysis confirmed the single phase for all samples. The c/a ratio of these samples falls in the range of Hexaferrites. The dielectric properties changes with the increase of La3+ contents. Magnetic properties varies with La3+ contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutual relationship, cooperation and unity among nations, societies and states have always required international laws and regulations; otherwise it is likely that there had been the situation of wars, fights, distrusts, doubts and nihilism. Therefore, The Holy Prophet (PBUH) made such comprehensive and omnibus universal laws and regulations so that all the nations can live in the best and organized way to an extent. For the ease and comprehensibility to Muslim Umma, Imam Abu Hanifa introduced a domain of knowledge based on Fiqh with name Ilm al Siyyer. His (RA) sayings and practices have primary importance in making an Islamic international law. He (RA) accordingly, wrote a book on it. Later on, this domain of knowledge was also introduced by his followers like Muhammad Bin Hasan Shainbani in Kutb e Zahir ur Riwayah, Qazi Abu Yousaf in Al-asaar o Al-khiraaj and Hasan bin Ziada in Adab ul Alqazi o Kitaab ul khiraaj. Following them, we can get guidance from Imam Abu Hanifa’ s thoughts, which may help in strengthening mutual relationships, eradicating wars and hatred among nations and states, and in extending socio economic, commercial and economical interests of states to masses and masses to states. Furthermore, matters on war and peace and mutual contracts can be settled with the result of which protection of children, women, old people, ambassadors, religious leaders human life and property during war can be ensured, and in peace and in making agreements, construction and development of the nations and the countries can be safeguarded. It is due to the weaknesses in and non enforceability of contemporary international laws, it is felt that Imam Abu Hanifa’s (RA) thoughts are needed to be utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High plant density is considered a proficient approach to increase maize production in countries with limited agricultural land; however, this creates a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion by reducing the ratio of biomass to the development of the stem and ear. Stem lodging and kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production for high plant density cropping; therefore, it is very important to overcome stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this review, we discuss various morphophysiological and genetic characteristics of maize that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion, with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning in maize. These characteristics illustrate a strong relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion. Previous studies have focused on targeting lignin and cellulose accumulation to improve lodging resistance. Nonetheless, a critical analysis of the literature showed that considering sugar metabolism and examining its effects on lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize may provide considerable results to improve maize productivity. A constructive summary of management approaches that could be used to efficiently control the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion is also included. The preferred management choice is based on the genotype of maize; nevertheless, various genetic and physiological approaches can control stem lodging and kernel abortion. However, plant growth regulators and nutrient application can also help reduce the risk for stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]