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International audience; RESUME : Nous dressons ici une revue non-exhaustive des principales analogies relevées dans les différentes branches de la physique (mécanique, électrocinétique, électromagnétisme, thermodynamique, transferts thermiques, hydraulique). Ces analogies sont résumées sous forme de tableaux, où nous insistons notamment sur les différents élé-ments mis en jeu lors des échanges d'énergie, que ces éléments aient une fonction de dissipation, de stockage, ou d'inertie. Nous mettons également en parallèle certaines propriétés remarquables pour lesquelles des analogies peuvent aussi être identifiées, en l'occurrence les lois des mailles et des noeuds, les associations en série ou en parallèle, et les équivalents physiques au circuit R.L.C. Nous finissons par un focus sur l'analogie entre mécanique des fluides et élec-tromagnétisme, en présentant les équations hydrodynamiques de Maxwell, et en faisant correspondre grandeurs hydro-dynamiques et électromagnétiques.https://cetsis2018.sciencesconf.org/conference/cetsis2018/livre_des_actes.pdf

International audience; CITATIONS 0 READS 64 7 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects

International audience; Squire's theorem, which states that the two-dimensional instabilities are more dangerous than the three-dimensional instabilities, is revisited here for a flow down an incline, making use of numerical stability analysis and Squire relationships when available. For flows down inclined planes, one of these Squire relationships involves the slopes of the inclines. This means that the Reynolds number associated with a two-dimensional wave can be shown to be smaller than that for an oblique wave, but this oblique wave being obtained for a larger slope. Physically speaking, this prevents the possibility to directly compare the thresholds at a given slope. The goal of the paper is then to reach a conclusion about the predominance or not of two-dimensional instabilities at a given slope, which is of practical interest for industrial or environmental applications. For a Newtonian fluid, it is shown that, for a given slope, oblique wave instabilities are never the dominant instabilities. Both the Squire relationships and the particular variations of the two-dimensional wave critical curve with regard to the inclination angle are involved in the proof of this result. For a generalized Newtonian fluid, a similar result can only be obtained for a reduced stability problem where some term connected to the perturbation of viscosity is neglected. For the general stability problem, however, no Squire relationships can be derived and the numerical stability results show that the thresholds for oblique waves can be smaller than the thresholds for two-dimensional waves at a given slope, particularly for large obliquity angles and strong shear-thinning behaviors. The conclusion is then completely different in that case: the dominant instability for a generalized Newtonian fluid flowing down an inclined plane with a given slope can be three dimensional.

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Nous étudions la stabilité de l'écoulement de films de fluide rhéofluidifiant (pseudoplastique) sur plan incliné. Nous modélisons la viscosité des fluides utilisés par la loi de Carreau. Afin de caractériser nos fluides, nous utilisons l'électrocapillarité comme technique optique consistant à étudier la propagation et l'atténuation d'ondes capillaires. Les résultats de mesures permettent en particulier de déterminer la viscosité à des valeurs de cisaillement aussi faibles que 10-3 s-1. Notre objectif est d'étudier expérimentalement la stabilité de films rhéofluidifiants sur plan incliné. Pour des valeurs fixées de l'angle d'inclinaison, nous avons déterminé le seuil critique expérimental et tracé la courbe marginale de stabilité sur les plans (Re, f) et (Re, k) pour nos différents fluides. Nous trouvons que nos résultats expérimentaux sont en bon accord avec les résultats numériques, et confirment l'effet rhéofluidifiant déstabilisant relativement au cas Newtonien.

We study the stability of shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) fluid films flow down an inclined plane. This problem is of interest in many industrial applications such as coating, and may explain the manifestation of a specific kind of surface waves, appearing in some spectacular environmental flow configurations such as debris flows or surge waves. We focus on fluids obeying the Carreau law. An optical technique called electrocapillarity has been implemented in order to determine the surface tension and viscosity, at values of the shear rate as small as 10−3s−1, by studying the damping of propagating capillary waves. The main objective of this work is to experimentally study the linear stability of shear-thinning fluid films flow. For a fixed inclination angle, the experimental study essentially consists in measuring the cutoff frequency and wavelength of primary waves, and then determining the critical Reynolds number. The experimental results presented in the (Re, k) and (Re, c) planes are in good agreement with the numerical results, and confirm the destabilizing effect of the shear-thinning properties in comparison with the Newtonian case (the critical Reynolds number is smaller, and the ratio between the marginal waves celerity and the flow velocity at the free surface is larger). Finally, we discuss the validity of the Squire’s theorem in the case of generalized Newtonian fluids film flow down an inclined plane. Analytically, the Orr-Sommerfeld problem with respect to 3D disturbances is not equivalent to a 2D problem, and the numerical results show that the Squire’s transformations can only be used in the Newtonian case, Nous étudions la stabilité de l'écoulement de fluide rhéofluidifiant (pseudoplastique) sur plan incliné. La connaissance des conditions d'apparition des instabilités intéresse ici particulièrement le secteur industriel faisant appel à des méthodes de couchage (papeterie, photographie), ou le secteur environnemental dans la compréhension de certaines situations exceptionnelles (coulées de boues, laves torrentielles, écoulements de glaciers). Nous modélisons la viscosité des fluides utilisés par la loi de Carreau. Afin de caractériser nos fluides, nous utilisons l'électrocapillarité comme technique optique consistant à étudier la propagation et l'atténuation d'ondes capillaires. Les résultats de mesures permettent en particulier de déterminer la viscosité à valeur de cisaillement aussi faibles que 10−3s−1. Notre objectif est d'étudier expérimentalement la stabilité de films rhéofluidifiants sur plan incliné. Pour des valeurs fixées de l'angle d'inclinaison, nous avons déterminé le seuil critique expérimental et tracé la courbe marginale de stabilité sur les plans (Re, k) et (Re, c) pour nos différents fluides. Nous trouvons que nos résultats expérimentaux sont en bon accord avec les résultats numériques, et confirment l'effet rhéofluidifiant déstabilisant relativement au cas Newtonien. Nous discutons enfin la validité du théorème de Squire en écrivant l'équation d'Orr-Sommerfeld généralisée aux ondes 3D et aux fluides de Carreau. Analytiquement, les relations de Squire ne sont pas vérifiées, et les résultats numériques montrent que les relations de Squire ne s'écrivent que dans le cas Newtonien

Marine ecosystem represents an ecologically and economically important water bodies for human and animal living. Their increasing pollution by persistent organic pollutants has represented a major environmental alarm during the last years. In the current study, we examined the occurrence, local distribution and ecotoxicological menace of organic pollutants, comprising brominated flame retardants (BFR), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in different matrices from the Northern Tunisian Coastal Ecosystem (Bizerte lagoon). The pollutant existence in this biome is related with a negative impact on the biocenosis health. Many approach including (i) chemical analyses; (ii) taxonomic structure and ecological indices analyses; (iii) and biochemical experimental studies, were investigated to determine the ecosystem quality and the contaminant effects. Our chapter introduces the baseline information on the organic contaminations extent and toxicological impact, as well as, it contribute to evaluate the ecological quality of this marine coastal ecosystem.

Deep-fat frying is a cooking technique that has been used continuously since prehistoric times. A domestic deep-fryer heated from the bottom develops significant convection inside the bath cavity. It is responsible for very high heat transfer coefficients and the exposure of the deep-frying oil to the atmospheric oxygen. The continuous conversion of gaseous dioxygen into unstable and reactive hydroperoxides and their subsequent advection throughout the bulk volume is at the origin of the main complaints made of frying which includes issues such as odors, fouling, and generation of several toxic compounds. This study analyzes the coupling between natural convection of triacylglycerols and the combinatorial chemistry controlling their autoxidation. At macroscopic scale, anisothermal flow within a typical kitchen appliance, including a cold zone beneath the heating element, was simulated in 3D under the Boussinesq approximation with a Eulerian description during initial heating and temperature holding. At molecular and intermediate scales, the endothermic decomposition of fatty-ester hydroperoxides in various mixtures was simulated over several hours using a Lagrangian description. Simulations and the proposed description of the combinatorial generation of hydroperoxides highlighted the complex relationship between deep-fryer design, residence times at different temperatures, and oil composition. The half-life of hydroperoxides (>15 min) is intermediate between vertical mixing times ( 2 h). Hydroperoxides of unsaturated fatty esters are generated at the surface, which are preferentially decomposed in heated plumes and accumulate between production cycles in cold stagnant regions. Experimental validation is proposed for the eddy structure, temperature fluctuations, and hydroperoxides decomposition kinetics.