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In view of advantages of green synthesis, a novel green route for synthesis and stabilization of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using aqueous extract of Citrus limon fruits at room temperature was reported. The formation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) is monitored by recording the UV–vis absorption spectra for surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) peak (∼579nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the CuNPs agrees with the reported data for Cu metal and the crystallite average size is ~30nm. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic (SEM and TEM) show uniform spherical particles obtained by this green method. The antimicrobial activity is found to be effective of CuNPs. Results revealed that the green synthesis is an efficient for the preparation of CuNPs as an active antimicrobial agent for practical applications.

Reviewing the documents regarding the development of photovoltaic systems implies dust accumulation as one of the most significant challenges in arid regions with high solar potential. Moreover, the complexity of this phenomenon and its considerable impacts on the performance of photovoltaic systems, emphasize the need for thorough and comprehensive analysis. Therefore, the current study provided an extensive literature review regarding the parameters affecting dust accumulation. Through the research, the classification of the effective parameters, as well as their impacts on the soiling process on photovoltaic modules' surface, were determined in detail. Furthermore, an in depth and critical analysis of the state of the art, followed by identification of challenges for future researches, has been presented. The results of the current study can serve as a thorough reference for researchers, designers, and engineers who deal with photovoltaic systems in regions struggling with dust events such as the MENA region and, in particular, Iran.

An eco-friendly green route for synthesis copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) by Ailanthus altissima leaf aqueous extract was reported. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized in terms morphology, crystalline nature, structural and antibacterial activity with UV-vis, SEM, TEM, FT-IR analysis tools. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were well crystalline in nature with particle shape spherical and average particle size 20 nm. The antimicrobial activity of CuONPs was determined by disk diffusion method against some selected species of bacteria, demonstrated a significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus followed by E. coli. In view of promising activity, the CuONPs could possibly be employed as antibacterial agent.

Introduction: The sensation to cold, shake occurrence and shivering are events that are commonly developed following general anesthesia administration postoperatively. Hypothermia has been considered as the most frequent outcome of surgery underwent by anesthesia. Inadvertent hypothermia has been taken into account as common side effect in the postoperative period immediately and it is related to wide impairments and anomalies of different body organs. Concentration on predictive factors of hypothermia would be important to reduce the incidence rate and correct preventable unnecessary risks for patients in the health settings following surgical operations. The aim of study is to assess the magnitude and associated factors of postoperative hypothermia recovery room in patients underwent general anesthesia. Methods: A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on200patients with different age groups of both genders who underwent a scheduled non-cardiac surgery and general anesthesia consecutively during the period between the October 1stand the November1st2016. Results: The study revealed that the overall core hypothermia in the study sample was31%. The study showed that the post-operative temperatures decreased statistically significantly in all study patients and separately in adults, children, males, or females P

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Ailanthus altissima fruits aqueous extract. Recently, the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles have been a keen interest amongst researchers and scientist due to its simplicity eco-friendliness, non-toxic, inexpensive and potential to perform in antibacterial activity. Thus, in this current work, the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ailanthus altissima fruits aqueous extract is reported. The green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average size of the nanoparticles prepared was found to be ranging from 5 to 18 nm. The FT–IR analysis suggests that the obtained ZnO-NPs have been stabilized through the interactions of flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in the fruits extract. Synthesized ZnO-NPs reveals antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It is concluded that the ZnO-NPs have high efficient antibacterial activity and considered as a potential additive to substitute toxic chemical and physical antibacterial materials.

This paper describes the sensitivity of both the orbital frame domain selection and the gravity model on the performance of on-board real-time orbit determination. Practical error sources, which affect the navigation solution of spaceborne global positioning system (GPS) receivers, are analyzed first. Then, a reasonable orbital frame (radial, in-track, cross-track (RIC)) is proposed to clearly represent the characteristics of the error in order to improve the performance of the orbit determination (OD) logic. In addition, the sensitivity of the gravity model affecting the orbit determination logic is analyzed by comparison with the precise orbit ephemeris (POE) of the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite, and it is confirmed that the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) Gravity Model 03 (GGM03) outperforms the Earth Gravity Model 1996 (EGM96). The effects of both proposed orbit frames and the gravity model on the orbit determination logic are verified using a GPS simulator and observation data from the CHAMP satellite. Moreover, the practical performance of on-board real-time orbit determination logic is verified by updating the software of the spaceborne GPS receiver, GPS-12, on DubaiSat-2 operating at low Earth orbit (LEO). The results show that the position accuracy of on-board real-time orbit determination logic in GPS-12 is improved by 59%, from 12.6 m (1 &sigma, ) to 5.1 m (1 &sigma, ), after applying the proposed methods. The velocity accuracy is also improved by 57%, from 13.7 mm/s (1 &sigma, ) to 5.9 mm/s (1 &sigma, ).

Obezite, hormonal ve metabolik farklılıklar ile tanımlanan, genetik, çevresel ve metabolik olarak birden fazla faktör ile ilişkilendirilmiş bir hastalıktır. Obez bireylerdeki inflamasyon değişiklikleri ve immün hücre fonksiyonları obezitenin patofizyolojik etkilerinin oluşmasında önemli bir role sahiptir. İnsan lökosit antijeni G (HLA-G), klasik olmayan HLA sınıf I antijen grubunda yer almaktadır. HLA-G geni, 6. kromozomun kısa kolunda bulunur (6p21.31). HLA-G molekülü T ve B lenfositlerin baskılanmasının indüklenmesi ve doğal öldürücü hücreler ve antijen sunan hücreler ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı HLA-G gen polimorfizmi ile obezite arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya 50 normal (BKI30) birey dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada HLA-G geni le ilgili üç polimorfizm; 14 bç insersiyon/ delesyon 3' UTR (rs66554220), rs41557518 ve rs1063320 PCR-agaroz jel elektroforez metodu ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, polimorfizmler ile obezite arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Obesity is a disease that is defined by hormonal and metabolic differences and is associated with genetic, environmental and metabolic factors. Inflammation changes and immune cell functions in obese individuals have an important role in the pathophysiological effects of obesity. The human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) belongs to the class I antigen of non-classical HLA. HLA-G gene is found on chromosome 6 (6p21.31). HLA-G molecule is associated with natural killer cells and antigen presenting cells and induction of the suppression of T and B lymphocytes. This study aims to clarify the association of HLA-G gene polymorphisms with obesity. The study subjects were obtained from 50 normal (BMI30) patients. In this study, three HLA-G gene polymorphisms HLA-G 14 bp insertion/ deletion polymorphism in the 3ʹ UTR (rs66554220), rs41557518 and rs1063320 using the PCR agarose gel electrophoresis technique were studied. The statistical analysis for HLA-G (rs66554220), HLA-G (rs41557518), and HLA-G (rs1063320) polymorphisms showed that there is no significant association with obesity (p0.05). 85

ThisPaper introduces the concept of matrix operators and establishes two newtheorems on matrix summability of Fourier series and its derived series. theresults obtained in the paper further extend several known results on linearoperators. Various types of criteria, under varying conditions, for the matrix summabilityof the Fourier series, In this paper quite a different and general type ofcriterion for summability of the Fourier Series has been obtained, in thetheorem function is integrable in the sense ofLebesgue to the interval[-\pi,\pi]and period with period 2\pi.

Bu çalışma hayır işleri ve insani yardımın, sağlam ve güçlü üretken bir ekonomiye dayanarak, gelişmesinin faktörlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda Kuveytli başarılı iş adamları örneği üzerinden hareket edilmiştir. Ticari alanda ve ekonomik arka plana sahip olan bu kişilerin Kuveyt hayır işlerinde nasıl başarılı işlere imza attıkları ve Kuveyt'e has bir örnek haline getirdiklerini incelemektedir. Kuveytte hayır faaliyetleri petrolün bulunmasından önceki döneme dayanmaktadır. Kuveyt Devleti bu kapsamda hayır ve insani yardım alanında önde gelen ülkelerden biridir. Siyasi ve doğal afet ve krizlere maruz kalan çok sayıda ülkeye yardımda bulunmuş bir ülkedir. Kuveyt geçmişten bu yana her zaman önemli bir finans merkezi haline gelmiştir. Petrolün bu kapsamda çok büyük bir rolü vardır. Kuveytte bulunduğu zaman ekonomiye büyük katkıları sunmuştur. Kuveyt ekonomisi kısmen küçük sayılabilecek bir ekonomidir. Genelde devlet kontrolünde olan bu ekonomi hayır işlerini geliştirmiş olup, bu alanda çalışan kuruluşların sayısını artırmıştır. Siyasi, ekonomik ve diğer önemli ve etkili günlük hayat sektörlerini etkilemiştir. Kuveyt ayrıca İslam dininin talimatlarına göre çalışan bankaların kurulmasında da büyük rol üstlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, Kuveyt finans Evi gibi içinde çok sayıda iş adamının emeği geçen kurumlar kurulmuştur. Şeyh Abdullah EL-Mutavva bu kapsamda öne çıkan kişilerden biridir. Kendisi tanınan cömert bir iş adamdır. Hayır, işleri alanında çok sayıda projeye imza atmıştır. Araştırmacı Şeyh Abdullah EL-Mutavvaa tarafında yapılan çok sayıda yerel düzeyde, körfez düzeyinde, Arap ülkeleri düzeyinde ve dünya düzeyinde çok sayıda başarılı işe imza atmıştır. Şeyh Abdullah EL-Mutavva güçlü ve etkili bir ekonomik sistemin kurulması ve hayır işlerinin etkili ve devamlı olması için çok sayıda çalışmaya imza atmıştır. Araştırmacı, Şeyh Abdullah EL-Mutavva örneğinin üzerine odaklanmayı ve ticari, hayır ve insani yardım alanındaki başarısının araştırılmasını tavsiye etmektedir. This study aims to identify the most important factors that made the charitable work develops depending on a powerful, productive and effective economy. This is done by studying the charitable work in Kuwait, and the economy of Kuwait with its development. An example of one of successful Kuwaiti businessmen was taken in consideration. Such persons have their successful economic ideas, which helps to improve the charitable work in Kuwait that contributed in its establishment and improvement in Kuwait. The roots of charitable work in Kuwait belongs to the period before Gas. Kuwait is considered as one of the pioneer countries in charitable and humanitarian support since it had an effect of helping countries that suffered of politic or environmental crises. Kuwait has long been an important financial center in the region, gas had a huge role when it has first discovered in the development of Kuwaiti economy. The economy of Kuwait is small and open economy, almost dominated by government sector that contributed in the development of the charitable and humanitarians work, and the increase of its organizations. That allows to improve the Kuwaiti society in all areas of daily life such as economic and politic areas. Kuwait also was one of the pioneers in establishing Sharia-compliant banks, such as Kuwait Finance House, which was established by a group of Kuwaiti Businessmen. From these groups AL-Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutawa as an example of well-known Kuwaiti businessman who has a huge contribution in the charitable work. The researcher could firstly highlight many of Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutawa achievements at the local, Gulf, Arab, and global levels. Secondly, the basic principles adopted by Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutawa and focused on them to be able to produce a powerful economic system, and successful, continuous and influential charitable work in the society for which it was established. Recommendation The researcher has recommended to focus on studying of others like Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutawa and identifying the important reasons for their commercial success and humanitarian charity.

Bu çalışma hayır işleri ve insani yardımın, sağlam ve güçlü üretken bir ekonomiye dayanarak, gelişmesinin faktörlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda Kuveytli başarılı iş adamları örneği üzerinden hareket edilmiştir. Ticari alanda ve ekonomik arka plana sahip olan bu kişilerin Kuveyt hayır işlerinde nasıl başarılı işlere imza attıkları ve Kuveyt'e has bir örnek haline getirdiklerini incelemektedir.Kuveytte hayır faaliyetleri petrolün bulunmasından önceki döneme dayanmaktadır. Kuveyt Devleti bu kapsamda hayır ve insani yardım alanında önde gelen ülkelerden biridir. Siyasi ve doğal afet ve krizlere maruz kalan çok sayıda ülkeye yardımda bulunmuş bir ülkedir. Kuveyt geçmişten bu yana her zaman önemli bir finans merkezi haline gelmiştir. Petrolün bu kapsamda çok büyük bir rolü vardır. Kuveytte bulunduğu zaman ekonomiye büyük katkıları sunmuştur. Kuveyt ekonomisi kısmen küçük sayılabilecek bir ekonomidir. Genelde devlet kontrolünde olan bu ekonomi hayır işlerini geliştirmiş olup, bu alanda çalışan kuruluşların sayısını artırmıştır. Siyasi, ekonomik ve diğer önemli ve etkili günlük hayat sektörlerini etkilemiştir. Kuveyt ayrıca İslam dininin talimatlarına göre çalışan bankaların kurulmasında da büyük rol üstlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, Kuveyt finans Evi gibi içinde çok sayıda iş adamının emeği geçen kurumlar kurulmuştur. Şeyh Abdullah EL-Mutavva bu kapsamda öne çıkan kişilerden biridir. Kendisi tanınan cömert bir iş adamdır. Hayır, işleri alanında çok sayıda projeye imza atmıştır. Araştırmacı Şeyh Abdullah EL-Mutavvaa tarafında yapılan çok sayıda yerel düzeyde, körfez düzeyinde, Arap ülkeleri düzeyinde ve dünya düzeyinde çok sayıda başarılı işe imza atmıştır. Şeyh Abdullah EL-Mutavva güçlü ve etkili bir ekonomik sistemin kurulması ve hayır işlerinin etkili ve devamlı olması için çok sayıda çalışmaya imza atmıştır.Araştırmacı, Şeyh Abdullah EL-Mutavva örneğinin üzerine odaklanmayı ve ticari, hayır ve insani yardım alanındaki başarısının araştırılmasını tavsiye etmektedir. This study aims to identify the most important factors that made the charitable work develops depending on a powerful, productive and effective economy. This is done by studying the charitable work in Kuwait, and the economy of Kuwait with its development. An example of one of successful Kuwaiti businessmen was taken in consideration. Such persons have their successful economic ideas, which helps to improve the charitable work in Kuwait that contributed in its establishment and improvement in Kuwait. The roots of charitable work in Kuwait belongs to the period before Gas. Kuwait is considered as one of the pioneer countries in charitable and humanitarian support since it had an effect of helping countries that suffered of politic or environmental crises. Kuwait has long been an important financial center in the region, gas had a huge role when it has first discovered in the development of Kuwaiti economy. The economy of Kuwait is small and open economy, almost dominated by government sector that contributed in the development of the charitable and humanitarians work, and the increase of its organizations. That allows to improve the Kuwaiti society in all areas of daily life such as economic and politic areas. Kuwait also was one of the pioneers in establishing Sharia-compliant banks, such as Kuwait Finance House, which was established by a group of Kuwaiti Businessmen.From these groups AL-Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutawa as an example of well-known Kuwaiti businessman who has a huge contribution in the charitable work. The researcher could firstly highlight many of Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutawa achievements at the local, Gulf, Arab, and global levels. Secondly, the basic principles adopted by Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutawa and focused on them to be able to produce a powerful economic system, and successful, continuous and influential charitable work in the society for which it was established.Recommendation The researcher has recommended to focus on studying of others like Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mutawa and identifying the important reasons for their commercial success and humanitarian charity. 129

Background: Tuberculosis is a global issue and 2 billion people are infected out of which 1.3 billion come from developing world and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) complicates 1 of every 300 untreated primary tuberculosis infections. Diagnosis is still difficult especially in developing and resource poor countries. We conducted the study to see the clinical profile and the use of available diagnostic tools in the early diagnosis of TBM in our part of the world. Methods: Sixty-eight patients were enrolled and only 38 followed for a period of 3 years from hospitalization to completion of treatment and for sequelae in a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir valley India. Clinical presentation, use of available diagnostic tools, treatment, outcome, and sequelae were studied with the aim to find helpful available tools in early diagnosis and management of TBM. Results: Only 38 patients completed the follow-up and important results were that 29 patients (76.31%) belonged to rural areas, 21 (55.26) were in the age group 20 to 39 years, 60% were females. Relation between stage at presentation, early treatment and outcome, useful laboratory investigations, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, computed tomography scan findings, usefulness of serum and CSF enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, most effective treatment regimen, sequelae and mortality were some of the important results obtained. Conclusions: Tuberculous meningitis was found to be more common in female rural population of the valley. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CSF analysis, serum and CSF enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, computed tomography scan were the most useful diagnostic tools to support clinical suspicion. Combination 4 drug antitubercular regimen for 12 months was the most effective and steroids improved the outcome in stages II and III of the disease. Mortality was higher in very severe disease, at extremes of age and delay in initiating treatment.