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1. Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the Early Neolithic

Author

Laura R. Botigué, Shiya Song, Amelie Scheu, Shyamalika Gopalan, Amanda L. Pendleton, Matthew Oetjens, Angela M. Taravella, Timo Seregély, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Dean Bobo, Kevin Daly, Martina Unterländer, Joachim Burger, Jeffrey M. Kidd, and Krishna R. Veeramah

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The European continent is thought to have played a major role in the origins of modern dogs. Here, analysing two ancient dog genomes from Germany, the authors find significant genetic continuity throughout the Neolithic period and time dog domestication to ∼20,000–40,000 years ago.

Published
2017
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2. Ancient mitochondrial diversity reveals population homogeneity in Neolithic Greece and identifies population dynamics along the Danubian expansion axis

Author

Nuno M. Silva, Susanne Kreutzer, Angelos Souleles, Sevasti Triantaphyllou, Kostas Kotsakis, Dushka Urem-Kotsou, Paul Halstead, Nikos Efstratiou, Stavros Kotsos, Georgia Karamitrou-Mentessidi, Fotini Adaktylou, Areti Chondroyianni-Metoki, Maria Pappa, Christina Ziota, Adamantios Sampson, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Karen Vitelli, Tracey Cullen, Nina Kyparissi-Apostolika, Andrea Zeeb Lanz, Joris Peters, Jérémy Rio, Daniel Wegmann, Joachim Burger, Mathias Currat, and Christina Papageorgopoulou

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The aim of the study is to investigate mitochondrial diversity in Neolithic Greece and its relation to hunter-gatherers and farmers who populated the Danubian Neolithic expansion axis. We sequenced 42 mitochondrial palaeogenomes from Greece and analysed them together with European set of 328 mtDNA sequences dating from the Early to the Final Neolithic and 319 modern sequences. To test for population continuity through time in Greece, we use an original structured population continuity test that simulates DNA from different periods by explicitly considering the spatial and temporal dynamics of populations. We explore specific scenarios of the mode and tempo of the European Neolithic expansion along the Danubian axis applying spatially explicit simulations coupled with Approximate Bayesian Computation. We observe a striking genetic homogeneity for the maternal line throughout the Neolithic in Greece whereas population continuity is rejected between the Neolithic and present-day Greeks. Along the Danubian expansion axis, our best-fitting scenario supports a substantial decrease in mobility and an increasing local hunter-gatherer contribution to the gene-pool of farmers following the initial rapid Neolithic expansion. Οur original simulation approach models key demographic parameters rather than inferring them from fragmentary data leading to a better understanding of this important process in European prehistory.

Published
2022
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3. The genomic origins of the world's first farmers

Author

Nina Marchi, Laura Winkelbach, Ilektra Schulz, Maxime Brami, Zuzana Hofmanová, Jens Blöcher, Carlos S. Reyna-Blanco, Yoan Diekmann, Alexandre Thiéry, Adamandia Kapopoulou, Vivian Link, Valérie Piuz, Susanne Kreutzer, Sylwia M. Figarska, Elissavet Ganiatsou, Albert Pukaj, Travis J. Struck, Ryan N. Gutenkunst, Necmi Karul, Fokke Gerritsen, Joachim Pechtl, Joris Peters, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Eva Lenneis, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Sevasti Triantaphyllou, Sofija Stefanović, Christina Papageorgopoulou, Daniel Wegmann, Joachim Burger, Laurent Excoffier, Art and Culture, History, Antiquity, and CLUE+

Subjects
Farmers, Genome, demographic processes, Human Migration, upper Palaeolithic, Genetic Drift, Agriculture, Genomics, demographic inference, DNA, Mitochondrial, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, population admixture, Europe, Neolithic transition, human evolution, demogenomic modeling, ancient genomics, Humans, 570 Life sciences, biology, History, Ancient
Abstract

The precise genetic origins of the first Neolithic farming populations in Europe and Southwest Asia, as well as the processes and the timing of their differentiation, remain largely unknown. Demogenomic modeling of high-quality ancient genomes reveals that the early farmers of Anatolia and Europe emerged from a multiphase mixing of a Southwest Asian population with a strongly bottlenecked western hunter-gatherer population after the last glacial maximum. Moreover, the ancestors of the first farmers of Europe and Anatolia went through a period of extreme genetic drift during their westward range expansion, contributing highly to their genetic distinctiveness. This modeling elucidates the demographic processes at the root of the Neolithic transition and leads to a spatial interpretation of the population history of Southwest Asia and Europe during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene., Cell, 185 (11), ISSN:0092-8674, ISSN:1097-4172

Published
2022

4. Author Correction: Dairying, diseases and the evolution of lactase persistence in Europe

Author

Richard P. Evershed, George Davey Smith, Mélanie Roffet-Salque, Adrian Timpson, Yoan Diekmann, Matthew S. Lyon, Lucy J. E. Cramp, Emmanuelle Casanova, Jessica Smyth, Helen L. Whelton, Julie Dunne, Veronika Brychova, Lucija Šoberl, Pascale Gerbault, Rosalind E. Gillis, Volker Heyd, Emily Johnson, Iain Kendall, Katie Manning, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Alan K. Outram, Jean-Denis Vigne, Stephen Shennan, Andrew Bevan, Sue Colledge, Lyndsay Allason-Jones, Luc Amkreutz, Alexandra Anders, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Adrian Bălăşescu, Eszter Bánffy, Alistair Barclay, Anja Behrens, Peter Bogucki, Ángel Carrancho Alonso, José Miguel Carretero, Nigel Cavanagh, Erich Claßen, Hipolito Collado Giraldo, Matthias Conrad, Piroska Csengeri, Lech Czerniak, Maciej Dębiec, Anthony Denaire, László Domboróczki, Christina Donald, Julia Ebert, Christopher Evans, Marta Francés-Negro, Detlef Gronenborn, Fabian Haack, Matthias Halle, Caroline Hamon, Roman Hülshoff, Michael Ilett, Eneko Iriarte, János Jakucs, Christian Jeunesse, Melanie Johnson, Andy M. Jones, Necmi Karul, Dmytro Kiosak, Nadezhda Kotova, Rüdiger Krause, Saskia Kretschmer, Marta Krüger, Philippe Lefranc, Olivia Lelong, Eva Lenneis, Andrey Logvin, Friedrich Lüth, Tibor Marton, Jane Marley, Richard Mortimer, Luiz Oosterbeek, Krisztián Oross, Juraj Pavúk, Joachim Pechtl, Pierre Pétrequin, Joshua Pollard, Richard Pollard, Dominic Powlesland, Joanna Pyzel, Pál Raczky, Andrew Richardson, Peter Rowe, Stephen Rowland, Ian Rowlandson, Thomas Saile, Katalin Sebők, Wolfram Schier, Germo Schmalfuß, Svetlana Sharapova, Helen Sharp, Alison Sheridan, Irina Shevnina, Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Peter Stadler, Harald Stäuble, Astrid Stobbe, Darko Stojanovski, Nenad Tasić, Ivo van Wijk, Ivana Vostrovská, Jasna Vuković, Sabine Wolfram, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, and Mark G. Thomas

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Published
2022

5. Dairying, diseases and the evolution of lactase persistence in Europe

Author

Richard P. Evershed, George Davey Smith, Mélanie Roffet-Salque, Adrian Timpson, Yoan Diekmann, Matthew S. Lyon, Lucy J. E. Cramp, Emmanuelle Casanova, Jessica Smyth, Helen L. Whelton, Julie Dunne, Veronika Brychova, Lucija Šoberl, Pascale Gerbault, Rosalind E. Gillis, Volker Heyd, Emily Johnson, Iain Kendall, Katie Manning, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Alan K. Outram, Jean-Denis Vigne, Stephen Shennan, Andrew Bevan, Sue Colledge, Lyndsay Allason-Jones, Luc Amkreutz, Alexandra Anders, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Adrian Bălăşescu, Eszter Bánffy, Alistair Barclay, Anja Behrens, Peter Bogucki, Ángel Carrancho Alonso, José Miguel Carretero, Nigel Cavanagh, Erich Claßen, Hipolito Collado Giraldo, Matthias Conrad, Piroska Csengeri, Lech Czerniak, Maciej Dębiec, Anthony Denaire, László Domboróczki, Christina Donald, Julia Ebert, Christopher Evans, Marta Francés-Negro, Detlef Gronenborn, Fabian Haack, Matthias Halle, Caroline Hamon, Roman Hülshoff, Michael Ilett, Eneko Iriarte, János Jakucs, Christian Jeunesse, Melanie Johnson, Andy M. Jones, Necmi Karul, Dmytro Kiosak, Nadezhda Kotova, Rüdiger Krause, Saskia Kretschmer, Marta Krüger, Philippe Lefranc, Olivia Lelong, Eva Lenneis, Andrey Logvin, Friedrich Lüth, Tibor Marton, Jane Marley, Richard Mortimer, Luiz Oosterbeek, Krisztián Oross, Juraj Pavúk, Joachim Pechtl, Pierre Pétrequin, Joshua Pollard, Richard Pollard, Dominic Powlesland, Joanna Pyzel, Pál Raczky, Andrew Richardson, Peter Rowe, Stephen Rowland, Ian Rowlandson, Thomas Saile, Katalin Sebők, Wolfram Schier, Germo Schmalfuß, Svetlana Sharapova, Helen Sharp, Alison Sheridan, Irina Shevnina, Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Peter Stadler, Harald Stäuble, Astrid Stobbe, Darko Stojanovski, Nenad Tasić, Ivo van Wijk, Ivana Vostrovská, Jasna Vuković, Sabine Wolfram, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Mark G. Thomas, and Department of Cultures

Subjects
Settore L-ANT/01 - Preistoria e Protostoria, Ceramics, Growth-factor-i, Pottery use, Genotype, Animals, Wild, 615 History and Archaeology, Milk consumption, Cohort Studies, Gene Frequency, lactace, Mendelian randomization, Animals, Humans, Disease, Selection, Genetic, History, Ancient, Corded ware culture, Biological Specimen Banks, Lactase, Multidisciplinary, Famine, Lipid residue, persistence, Animal exploitation, United Kingdom, Europe, Dairying, bronze age, Genetics, Population, Milk, Archaeology, neolithic, Adult lactose-intolerance, Ancient human genomes, Organic residue analysis, Bristol Population Health Science Institute
Abstract

In European and many African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian populations, lactase persistence (LP) is the most strongly selected monogenic trait to have evolved over the past 10,000 years1. Although the selection of LP and the consumption of prehistoric milk must be linked, considerable uncertainty remains concerning their spatiotemporal configuration and specific interactions2,3. Here we provide detailed distributions of milk exploitation across Europe over the past 9,000 years using around 7,000 pottery fat residues from more than 550 archaeological sites. European milk use was widespread from the Neolithic period onwards but varied spatially and temporally in intensity. Notably, LP selection varying with levels of prehistoric milk exploitation is no better at explaining LP allele frequency trajectories than uniform selection since the Neolithic period. In the UK Biobank4,5 cohort of 500,000 contemporary Europeans, LP genotype was only weakly associated with milk consumption and did not show consistent associations with improved fitness or health indicators. This suggests that other reasons for the beneficial effects of LP should be considered for its rapid frequency increase. We propose that lactase non-persistent individuals consumed milk when it became available but, under conditions of famine and/or increased pathogen exposure, this was disadvantageous, driving LP selection in prehistoric Europe. Comparison of model likelihoods indicates that population fluctuations, settlement density and wild animal exploitation—proxies for these drivers—provide better explanations of LP selection than the extent of milk exploitation. These findings offer new perspectives on prehistoric milk exploitation and LP evolution.

Published
2021

6. Demogenomic modeling of the timing and the processes of early European farmers differentiation

Author

Laura Winkelbach, Fokke Gerritsen, Maxime Brami, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Christina Papageorgopoulou, Laurent Excoffier, Jens Blöcher, Joachim Pechtl, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Nina Marchi, Susanne Kreutzer, Eva Lenneis, Yoan Diekmann, Elissavet Ganiatsou, Travis J. Struck, Valérie Piuz, Vivian Link, Joris Peters, Joachim Burger, Necmi Karul, Sofija Stefanović, Adamandia Kapopoulou, Albert Pukaj, Zuzana Hofmanová, Sevasti Triantaphyllou, Daniel Wegmann, Alexandre Thiéry, Sylwia M. Figarska, Carlos S. Reyna-Blanco, Ilektra Schulz, and Ryan N. Gutenkunst

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 060102 archaeology, Pleistocene, Ecology, Range (biology), business.industry, Population, Last Glacial Maximum, 06 humanities and the arts, 03 medical and health sciences, Geography, Genetic drift, Agriculture, Period (geology), 0601 history and archaeology, education, business, Holocene, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

The precise genetic origins of the first Neolithic farming populations, as well as the processes and the timing of their differentiation, remain largely unknown. Based on demogenomic modeling of high-quality ancient genomes, we show that the early farmers of Anatolia and Europe emerged from a multiphase mixing of a Near Eastern population with a strongly bottlenecked Western hunter-gatherer population after the Last Glacial Maximum. Moreover, the population branch leading to the first farmers of Europe and Anatolia is characterized by a 2,500-year period of extreme genetic drift during its westward range expansion. Based on these findings, we derive a spatially explicit model of the population history of Southwest Asia and Europe during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.One-Sentence Summary:Early European farmers emerged from multiple post LGM mixtures and experienced extreme drift during their westward expansion.

Published
2020

7. Correction for Frantz et al., Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author

Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Anders Götherström, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Michael J Richards, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Joris Peters, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, Joachim Burger, Dian Boric, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Melinda A. Zeder, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Panoraia Alexandri, Jörg Schibler, John Chapman, Adrian Balasescu, Greger Larson, Jörg Orschiedt, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Keith Dobney, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Thomas H. McGovern, Canan Çakirlar, Bea De Cupere, Caroline Malone, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Vesna Dimitrijević, Sepideh Maziar, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Cevdet Merih Erek, Adina Boroneant, Ash Erim-Ozdogan, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Hitomi Hongo, Marjan Mashkour, Amelie Scheu, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Michelle Alexander, David Orton, Richard Sabin, László Bartosiewicz, Nenad Tasić, François-Xavier Ricaut, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Darko Radmanovic, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Christina Geoerg, Clive Bonsall, Anna Linderholm, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Audrey T. Lin, Daniel Helmer, Daniel G. Bradley, Roger Matthews, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Shiva Sheikhi, Sophie Van Poucke, Lionel Gourichon, Mike J. Church, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Joséphine Lesur, Mihai Gligor, Martien A. M. Groenen, Alexander Yanevich, Vincent M. Battista, Cleia Detry, Max Price, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Holley Martlew, Allowen Evin, Elisabeth Stephan, Norbert Benecke, John R. Stewart, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Youri van den Hurk, James Haile, Mike Parker Pearson, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Victoria E. Mullin, Jose-Miguel Carreterow, Kurt J. Gron, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Thomas Cucchi, Rebecca Miller, Jelena Bulatović, and Anton Ervynck

Subjects
Gene Flow, Multidisciplinary, Swine, Library science, Skin Pigmentation, Biological Sciences, Corrections, DNA, Mitochondrial, Domestication, Europe, Middle East, Anthropology, evolution, Animals, Neolithic, DNA, Ancient, History, Ancient, Phylogeny
Abstract

Significance Archaeological evidence indicates that domestic pigs arrived in Europe, alongside farmers from the Near East ∼8,500 y ago, yet mitochondrial genomes of modern European pigs are derived from European wild boars. To address this conundrum, we obtained mitochondrial and nuclear data from modern and ancient Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses indicate that, aside from a coat color gene, most Near Eastern ancestry in the genomes of European domestic pigs disappeared over 3,000 y as a result of interbreeding with local wild boars. This implies that pigs were not domesticated independently in Europe, yet the first 2,500 y of human-mediated selection applied by Near Eastern Neolithic farmers played little role in the development of modern European pigs., Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.

Published
2020

8. Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author

Marjan Mashkour, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Joris Peters, John Chapman, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Canan Çakirlar, Jörg Schibler, Daniel Helmer, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Caroline Malone, Vesna Dimitrijević, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Christina Geörg, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Panoraia Alexandri, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Thomas Cucchi, Victoria E. Mullin, Michael P. Richards, James Haile, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Cevdet Merih Erek, John R. Stewart, Joachim Burger, Mihai Gligor, Jörg Orschiedt, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Rebecca Miller, Youri van den Hurk, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Allowen Evin, Hitomi Hongo, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Jelena Bulatović, Max Price, Keith Dobney, Adina Boroneanţ, Anton Ervynck, Mike Parker Pearson, Joséphine Lesur, Elisabeth Stephan, Holley Martlew, Sepideh Maziar, Kurt J. Gron, Bea De Cupere, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Anders Götherström, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Richard Sabin, David Orton, Greger Larson, Lionel Gourichon, Cleia Detry, Clive Bonsall, François-Xavier Ricaut, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, José Miguel Carretero, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Mike J. Church, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Melinda A. Zeder, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Alexander Yanevich, Daniel G. Bradley, Amelie Scheu, László Bartosiewicz, Darko Radmanovic, Shiva Sheikhi, Michelle Alexander, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, Adrian Bӑlӑşescu, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Vincent M. Battista, Anna Linderholm, Norbert Benecke, Aslı Erim-Özdoğan, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Thomas H. McGovern, Audrey T. Lin, Sophie Van Poucke, Roger Matthews, Martien A. M. Groenen, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Nenad Tasić, Dusan Boric, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Haile, Jame, Lin, Audrey T., Scheu, Amelie, Geörg, Christina, Benecke, Norbert, Alexander, Michelle, Linderholm, Anna, Mullin, Victoria E., Daly, Kevin G., Battista, Vincent M., Price, Max, Gron, Kurt J., Alexandri, Panoraia, Arbogast, Rose-Marie, Arbuckle, Benjamin, Balaşescu, Adrian, Barnett, Ro, Bartosiewicz, László, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bonsall, Clive, ̧, Dušan Boric Adina Boroneant, Bulatovic, Jelena, Çakirlar, Canan, Carretero, José-Miguel, Chapman, John, Church, Mike, Crooijmans, Richard, De Cupere, Bea, Detry, Cleia, Dimitrijevic, Vesna, Dumitras ̧cu, Valentin, du Plessis, Loui, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Merih Erek, Cevdet, ̆an, AslıErim-Özdog, Ervynck, Anton, Fulgione, Domenico, Gligor, Mihai, Götherström, Ander, Gourichon, Lionel, Groenen, Martien A. M., Helmer, Daniel, Hongo, Hitomi, Horwitz, Liora K., Irving-Pease, Evan K., Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Lesur, Joséphine, Malone, Caroline, Manaseryan, Ninna, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Martlew, Holley, Mashkour, Marjan, Matthews, Roger, Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre, Maziar, Sepideh, Meijaard, Erik, Mcgovern, Tom, Megens, Hendrik-Jan, Miller, Rebecca, Fatemeh Mohaseb, Azadeh, Orschiedt, Jörg, Orton, David, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Parker Pearson, Mike, Pinhasi, Ron, Radmanovic, Darko, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Richards, Mike, Sabin, Richard, Sarti, Lucia, Schier, Wolfram, Sheikhi, Shiva, Stephan, Elisabeth, Stewart, John R., Stoddart, Simon, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Tasic, Nenad, Trantalidou, Katerina, Tresset, Anne, Valdiosera, Cristina, van den Hurk, Youri, Van Poucke, Sophie, Vigne, Jean-Deni, Yanevich, Alexander, Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea, Triantafyllidis, Alexandro, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Schibler, Jörg, Rowley-Conwy, Peter, Zeder, Melinda, Peters, Jori, Cucchi, Thoma, Bradley, Daniel G., Dobney, Keith, Burger, Joachim, Evin, Allowen, Girdland-Flink, Linu, Larson, Greger, Archaeology of Northwestern Europe, Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Piperno, Dolores R., Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Texas A&M University [College Station], Transplant Research Program [Boston, MA, USA], Boston Children's Hospital, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Baylor University, University of York [York, UK], Stockholm University, Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Liverpool, HEC Paris - Recherche - Hors Laboratoire, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Connaissance Organisation et Systèmes TECHniques (COSTECH), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratorio di Paleontologia e Archeozoologia, Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico 'L. Pigorini', Roma, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico 'L. Pigorini, Institute of archaeology (UCL), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Basel (Unibas), Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Swine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Skin Pigmentation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Gene flow, Domestication, ddc:590, BREEDS, DOMESTIC PIGS, HISTORY, 0601 history and archaeology, Neolithic, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, INTROGRESSION, Europe, pigs, domestication, genomes, WILD, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeological evidence, SPREAD, Coat, Mitochondrial DNA, Evolution, Zoology, Locus (genetics), Biology, Animal Breeding and Genomics, DNA, Mitochondrial, Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Fokkerij en Genomica, DNA, Ancient, General, ddc:930, Haplotype, DNA, 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie, LONG, SIZE, 030104 developmental biology, domestication evolution gene flow Neolithic, WIAS
Abstract

International audience; Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local Euro-pean wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process. domestication | evolution | gene flow | Neolithic

Published
2019

9. Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the Early Neolithic

Author

Shyamalika Gopalan, Martina Unterländer, Kevin G. Daly, Krishna R. Veeramah, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Joachim Burger, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Timo Seregély, Dean Bobo, Amelie Scheu, Shiya Song, Angela M. Taravella, Laura R. Botigué, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Matthew T. Oetjens, Amanda L. Pendleton, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), and Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Mitochondrial DNA, Genome evolution, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Population genetics, Population Replacement, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, Genome, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Domestication, Paleontology, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Genetic Variation, General Chemistry, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Biological Evolution, Eastern european, Phylogeography, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Evolutionary biology, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Period (geology), Adaptation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Europe has played a major role in dog evolution, harbouring the oldest uncontested Palaeolithic remains and having been the centre of modern dog breed creation. Here we sequence the genomes of an Early and End Neolithic dog from Germany, including a sample associated with an early European farming community. Both dogs demonstrate continuity with each other and predominantly share ancestry with modern European dogs, contradicting a previously suggested Late Neolithic population replacement. We find no genetic evidence to support the recent hypothesis proposing dual origins of dog domestication. By calibrating the mutation rate using our oldest dog, we narrow the timing of dog domestication to 20,000–40,000 years ago. Interestingly, we do not observe the extreme copy number expansion of the AMY2B gene characteristic of modern dogs that has previously been proposed as an adaptation to a starch-rich diet driven by the widespread adoption of agriculture in the Neolithic., The European continent is thought to have played a major role in the origins of modern dogs. Here, analysing two ancient dog genomes from Germany, the authors find significant genetic continuity throughout the Neolithic period and time dog domestication to ∼20,000–40,000 years ago.

Published
2017

11. Mass cannibalism in the Linear Pottery Culture at Herxheim (Palatinate, Germany)

Author

Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Christian Jeunesse, Bruno Boulestin, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Anthony Denaire, Fabian Haack, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Generaldirektion Kulturelles, Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz, Direktion Landesarchäologie, Etude des Civilisations de l'Antiquité (UMR 7044), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antea-Archéologie, Habsheim, Laboratoire d'anthropologie des populations du passé, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Ditch, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Human bone, potery, LBK, Context (language use), Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Germany, butchering, Linearbandkeramik pottery, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Herxheim, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, General Arts and Humanities, Cannibalism, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, cannibalism, Europe, Pottery, human bone
Abstract

International audience; The Early Neolithic central place at Herxheim is defined by a perimeter of elongated pits containing fragments of human bone, together with pottery imported from areas several hundred kilometres distant. This article offers a context for the centre, advancing strong evidence that the site was dedicated to ritual activities in which cannibalism played an important part

Published
2009

12. Trois ensembles funéraires inédits de l'antiquité tardive en Lorraine

Author

Maire, Elise, Brkojewitsch, Gael, B. Garnier, Nicolas, Metz Métropole, Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies d'Orient et d'Occident et Sciences des textes (AOROC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Michael Koch, Jacques Bonifas, Foni Le Brun-Ricalens, Julian Wiethold, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Brkojewitsch, Gaël, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract

International audience; Entre 2014 et 2016, trois fouilles ont été conduites par le Pôle Archéologie Préventive de Metz Métropole. Elles portaient sur des sites à vocation funéraire, datés de l'Antiquité tardive. Ces découvertes récentes et inédites réalisées sur trois sites lorrains (Woippy, Saint-Privat-la-Montagne, Lexy) permettent d'évoquer les rites funéraires et la gestion des espaces. Plusieurs analyses physico-chimiques ont été réalisées sur le contenu des vases d'accompagnement et montrent la présence de marqueurs parfois inattendus. Ces études nous permettent de proposer des hypothèses sur les produits qui ont transité dans les vases au moment des funérailles.

Published
2017

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