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Objective To evaluate physical and mental health indicators in adolescents with preexisting chronic immunocompromised conditions during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine. Methods A cross-sectional study included 355 adolescents with chronic conditions and 111 healthy adolescents. An online self-rated survey was used to investigate socio-demographic features, healthcare routine, and the quarantine impact on physical and mental health. The validated self-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was also applied. Results The median of age [14 (10–18) vs. 15 (10–18) years, p = 0.733] and frequencies of female (61% vs. 60%, p = 0.970) were similar between adolescents with preexisting chronic conditions and healthy adolescents during quarantine of COVID-19 pandemic. The frequencies of abnormal total difficulties score of SDQ were similar in patients and controls (30% vs. 31%, p = 0.775). Logistic regression analysis showed that being female (OR = 1.965; 95% CI = 1.091–3.541, p = 0.024), fear of underlying disease activity/complication (OR = 1.009; 95%CI = 1.001–1.018, p = 0.030) were associated with severe psychosocial dysfunction in adolescents with chronic conditions, whereas school homework (OR = 0.449; 95% CI = 0.206–0.981, p = 0.045) and physical activity (OR = 0.990; 95% CI = 0.981–0.999, p = 0.030) were protective factors. Further analysis of patients with chronic immunocompromised conditions and previous diagnosis of mental disorders (9%) compared with patients without diagnosis showed higher median of total difficulties score (p = 0.001), emotional (p = 0.005), conduct (p = 0.007), peer problems (p = 0.001) and hyperactivity (p = 0.034) in the former group. Conclusion Adolescents with preexisting chronic immunocompromised conditions during COVID-19 quarantine were not at higher risk of adverse health indicators. Being female, fear of underlying disease activity/complication, and household members working outside of the home were relevant issues for adolescents with preexisting chronic conditions. This study reinforces the need to establish mental health strategies for teens with chronic conditions, particularly during the pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively evaluate demographic, anthropometric and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) METHODS: This was a longitudinal observational study of surviving pediatric post-COVID-19 patients (n=53) and pediatric subjects without laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 included as controls (n=52) was performed. RESULTS: The median duration between COVID-19 diagnosis (n=53) and follow-up was 4.4 months (0.8-10.7). Twenty-three of 53 (43%) patients reported at least one persistent symptom at the longitudinal follow-up visit and 12/53 (23%) had long COVID-19, with at least one symptom lasting for >12 weeks. The most frequently reported symptoms at the longitudinal follow-up visit were headache (19%), severe recurrent headache (9%), tiredness (9%), dyspnea (8%), and concentration difficulty (4%). At the longitudinal follow-up visit, the frequencies of anemia (11% versus 0%, p=0.030), lymphopenia (42% versus 18%, p=0.020), C-reactive protein level of >30 mg/L (35% versus 0%, p=0.0001), and D-dimer level of >1000 ng/mL (43% versus 6%, p=0.0004) significantly reduced compared with baseline values. Chest X-ray abnormalities (11% versus 2%, p=0.178) and cardiac alterations on echocardiogram (33% versus 22%, p=0.462) were similar at both visits. Comparison of characteristic data between patients with COVID-19 at the longitudinal follow-up visit and controls showed similar age (p=0.962), proportion of male sex (p=0.907), ethnicity (p=0.566), family minimum monthly wage (p=0.664), body mass index (p=0.601), and pediatric pre-existing chronic conditions (p=1.000). The Pediatric Quality of Live Inventory 4.0 scores, median physical score (69 [0-100] versus 81 [34-100], p=0.012), and school score (60 [15-100] versus 70 [15-95], p=0.028) were significantly lower in pediatric patients with COVID-19 at the longitudinal follow-up visit than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with COVID-19 showed a longitudinal impact on HRQoL parameters, particularly in physical/school domains, reinforcing the need for a prospective multidisciplinary approach for these patients. These data highlight the importance of closer monitoring of children and adolescents by the clinical team after COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p

Background Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in APOE, the gene which encodes apolipoprotein E. LPG mainly affects Asian individuals, however occasional cases have also been described in Americans and Europeans. Herein we report two unrelated Brazilian patients with LPG in whom genetic analyses revealed the APOE-Osaka/Kurashiki variant. Case presentation - case 1 A 29-year-old Caucasian male sought medical attention with complaints of face swelling and foamy urine for the last 3 months. He denied a family history of kidney disease, consanguinity, or Asian ancestry. His tests showed proteinuria of 12.5 g/24 h, hematuria, serum creatinine 0.94 mg/dL, albumin 2.3 g/dl, total cholesterol 284 mg/dL, LDL 200 mg/dL, triglycerides 175 mg/dL, and negative screening for secondary causes of glomerulopathy. A kidney biopsy revealed intraluminal, laminated deposits of hyaline material in glomerular capillaries consistent with lipoprotein thrombi. These findings were confirmed by electron microscopy, establishing the diagnosis of LPG. His apolipoprotein E serum level was 72 mg/dL and genetic analysis revealed the APOE pathogenic variant c.527G > C, p.Arg176Pro in heterozygosis, known as the Osaka/Kurashiki mutation and positioned nearby the LDL receptor binding site. Case 2 A 34-year-old Caucasian man sought medical assessment for renal dysfunction and hypertension. He reported intermittent episodes of lower-limb edema for 3 years and a family history of kidney disease, but denied Asian ancestry. Laboratorial tests showed BUN 99 mg/dL, creatinine 10.7 mg/dL, total cholesterol 155 mg/dL, LDL 79 mg/dL, triglycerides 277 mg/dL, albumin 3.1 g/dL, proteinuria 2.7 g/24 h, and negative screening for secondary causes of glomerulopathy. His kidney biopsy was consistent with advanced chronic nephropathy secondary to LPG. A genetic analysis also revealed the Osaka/Kurashiki variant. He was transplanted a year ago, displaying no signs of disease relapse. Conclusion We report two unrelated cases of Brazilian patients with a diagnosis of lipoprotein glomerulopathy whose genetic assessment identified the APOE-Osaka/Kurashiki pathogenic variant, previously only described in eastern Asians. While this is the second report of LPG in Latin America, the identification of two unrelated cases by our medical team raises the possibility that LPG may be less rare in this part of the world than currently thought, and should definitely be considered when nephrotic syndrome is associated with suggestive kidney biopsy findings.

Background Cyst infection is a prevalent complication in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients, however therapeutic and diagnostic approaches towards this condition remain unclear. The confirmation of a likely episode of cyst infection by isolating the pathogenic microorganism in a clinical scenario is possible only in the minority of cases. The available antimicrobial treatment guidelines, therefore, might not be appropriate to some patients. Case presentation We describe two unique cases of kidney cyst infection by Candida albicans, a condition that has not been previously described in literature. Both cases presented clear risk factors for Candida spp. infection. However, since there was no initial indication of cyst aspiration and culture, antifungal therapy was not immediately started and empirical treatment was initiated as recommended by the current guidelines. Antifungal treatment was instituted in both cases along the clinical course, according to their specificities. Conclusion Our report highlights the possibility of Candida spp. cyst infection. Failure of clinical improvement with antibiotics should raise the suspicion of a fungal infection. Identification of infected cysts should be pursued in such cases, particularly with PET-CT, and when technically possible followed by cyst aspiration and culture to guide treatment. Risk factors for this condition, such as Candida spp. colonization, previous antimicrobial therapy, hemodialysis, necrotizing pancreatitis, gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary surgical procedure, central venous catheter, total parenteral nutrition, diabetes mellitus and immunodeficiency (neutropenia

Resumo Fundamento A pandemia da COVID-19 representa uma enorme carga para o sistema de saúde do mundo. Apesar de pacientes pediátricos terem sido relativamente poupados em comparação a adultos, estudos recentes mostraram um número crescente de pacientes críticos com Síndrome Inflamatória Multisistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P) com disfunção cardiovascular importante. No entanto, pouco se conhece a respeito da relação entre anormalidades cardíacas e biomarcadores inflamatórios e de coagulação. Objetivos Investigar anormalidades ecocardiográficas em pacientes pediátricos com COVID-19 admitidos em um hospital terciário. Métodos Este foi um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, baseado na revisão de prontuários médicos e ecocardiogramas de pacientes (0-19 anos) admitidos em um hospital terciário entre 30 de março e 30 de junho de 2020. Para a análise estatística, o nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% (p+2,5). Anormalidades ecocardiográficas foram significativamente associadas com SIM-P, admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, suporte ventilatório/vasoativo, e morte ( p

OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcomes of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with or without multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 471 samples collected from 371 patients (age50 mg/L (83% vs. 25%, p=0.008) and D-dimer levels >1000 ng/mL (100% vs. 40%, p=0.007) and the median D-dimer, troponin T, and ferritin levels (p

Objective: To identify risk factors for chronic kidney disease progression in Brazilian children and to evaluate the interactions between factors. Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort in São Paulo, involving 209 children with CKD stages 3–4. The study outcome included: (a) death, (b) start of kidney replacement therapy, (c) eGFR decrease >50% during the followup. Thirteen risk factors were tested using univariate regression models, followed by multivariable Cox regression models. The terms of interaction between the variables showing significant association with the outcome were then introduced to the model. Results: After a median follow-up of 2.5 years (IQR = 1.4–3.0), the outcome occurred in 44 cases (21%): 22 started dialysis, 12 had >50% eGFR decrease, seven underwent transplantation, and three died. Advanced CKD stage at onset (HR = 2.16, CI = 1.14–4.09), nephrotic proteinuria (HR = 2.89, CI = 1.49–5.62), age (HR = 1.10, CI = 1.01–1.17), systolic blood pressure Z score (HR = 1.36, CI = 1.08–1.70), and anemia (HR = 2.60, CI = 1.41–4.77) were associated with the outcome. An interaction between anemia and nephrotic proteinuria at V1 (HR = 0.25, CI = 0.06–1.00) was detected. Conclusions: As the first CKD cohort in the southern hemisphere, this study supports the main factors reported in developed countries with regards to CKD progression, affirming the potential role of treatments to slow CKD evolution. The detected interaction suggests that anemia may be more deleterious for CKD progression in patients without proteinuria and should be further studied. Resumo: Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco para progressão da DRC em crianças do Brasil e avaliar as interações entre os fatores. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva multicêntrica em São Paulo, envolvendo 209 crianças com DRC em estágios 3-4. O desfecho do estudo incluiu: a) óbito, b) início da terapia de substituição renal, c) redução de > 50% na taxa estimada de filtração glomerular (eGFR) durante o acompanhamento. Foram testados 13 fatores de risco com o modelo de regressão univariada seguido do modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox. Os termos de interação entre as variáveis mostraram associação significativa e foram introduzidos ao modelo. Resultados: Após média de acompanhamento de 2,5 anos (IIQ = 1,4 a 3,0), 44 casos (21%) apresentaram desfecho: 22 iniciaram diálise, 12 apresentaram redução de > 50% na eGFR, sete foram submetidos a transplante e três morreram. Estágio avançado de DRC no acometimento (RR = 2,16, IC = 1,14-4,09), proteinúria nefrótica (RR = 2,89, IC = 1,49-5,62), idade (RR – 1,10, IC = 1,01-1,17), escore Z da pressão arterial sistólica (RR = 1,36, IC = 1,08-1,70) e anemia (RR = 2,60, IC – 1,41-4,77) foram associados ao resultado. Foi detectada interação entre anemia e proteinúria nefrótica na primeira visita (V1) (RR = 0,25, IC = 0,06-1,00). Conclusões: Como a primeira coorte de DRC no hemisfério sul, este estudo é concordante com os principais fatores relatados em países desenvolvidos com relação à progressão da DRC, afirmando o possível papel dos tratamentos para mostrar a evolução da DRC. A interação detectada sugere que a anemia pode ser mais nociva na progressão da DRC em pacientes sem proteinúria e deve ser ainda mais estudada. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Epidemiology, Risk factors, Progressive patient care, Pediatrics, Palavras-chave: Doença renal crônica, Epidemiologia, Fatores de risco, Cuidado progressivo do paciente, Pediatria

Introduction: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) affects both children and adults and has a high rate of progression to end-stage renal disease. Although a subset of patients have well-characterized genetic mutation(s), in the majority of cases, the etiology is unknown. Over the past 50 years, a number of case reports have suggested the potential impact of dietary changes in controlling primary nephrotic syndrome, especially gluten and dairy restrictions. Methods: We have designed a prospective, open-label, nonrandomized, pilot clinical trial, to study the effect of a gluten-free and dairy-free (GF/DF) diet in children with SRNS. The study will be organized as a 4-week summer camp to implement a GF/DF diet in a tightly controlled and monitored setting. Blood, urine, and stool samples will be collected at different time points during the study. Results: The primary end point is a reduction of more than 50% in the urine protein:creatinine ratio. The secondary end points include changes in urine protein, kidney function, and serum albumin, as well as effects in immune activation, kidney injury biomarkers, and gut microbiome composition and function (metagenomic/metatranscriptomic). Conclusion: This study will advance the field by testing the effect of dietary changes in patients with SRNS in a highly controlled camp environment. In addition, we hope the results will help to identify a responder profile that may guide the design of a larger trial for further investigation. Keywords: dairy-free, diet, gluten-free, pediatric summer camp, proteinuria, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome

OBJECTIVES: To compare demographic/clinical/laboratory/treatments and outcomes among children and adolescents with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that included patients diagnosed with pediatric COVID-19 (aged

Background Schistosoma mansoni schistosomiasis (SM) remains a public health problem in Brazil. Renal involvement is classically manifested as a glomerulopathy, most often membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. We report a case of collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) associated with SM and high-risk APOL1 genotype (HRG). Case report A 35-year-old male was admitted for hypertension and an eight-month history of lower-limb edema, foamy urine, and increased abdominal girth. He had a recent diagnosis of hepatosplenic SM, treated with praziquantel, without clinical improvement. Laboratory tests revealed serum creatinine 1.89mg/dL, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 24mg/dL, albumin 1.9g/dL, cholesterol 531mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein 426mg/dL, platelets 115000/mm3, normal C3/C4, antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), negative serologies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HBsAg negative and AntiHBc IgG positive, no hematuria or leukocyturia, 24 hour proteinuria 6.56g and negative serum and urinary immunofixation. Kidney biopsy established the diagnosis of CG. A treatment with prednisone was started without therapeutic response, progressing to end-stage kidney disease 19 months later. Molecular genetics investigation revealed an HRG. Conclusions This is the first report of CG associated with SM in the setting of an HRG. This case highlights the two-hit model as a mechanism for CG pathogenesis, where the high-risk APOL1 genotype exerts a susceptibility role and SM infection serves as a trigger to CG., Author summary Schistosomiasis mansoni is still a public health problem in Brazil and renal involvement is described. In such cases, a glomerulopathy is the typical manifestation, most often membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. In the current article, we report a patient with a recent diagnosis of hepatosplenic SM who was admitted for nephrotic syndrome associated with reduced renal function and hypertension. Kidney biopsy established the diagnosis of collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) and molecular genetics investigation identified a high-risk APOL1 genotype (HRG). Of note, HRG has been associated with increased risk to develop CG, and a two-hit model has been proposed for the genesis of this glomerulopathy. According to this model, a HRG represents the increased-susceptibility component, while an infection or other environmental factors could act as triggers for the development of CG. Based on those data and model, our case raises SM infection as a new trigger for this severe form of glomerulopathy. This is the first description of a case of CG associated with SM in a patient with an HRG. This case corroborates the interactive role between genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of CG but also identifies SM infection as an additional trigger for its development.

BackgroundSmartphones have become a part of universal technology by combining mobile and handheld functions, enabling expanded access to health information sources available on the Internet. The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of smartphones and Internet use to search for health information by parents of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was applied to 111 parents of patients in a Brazilian pediatric nephrology center. Descriptive assessments were performed on Internet use patterns, and associative analyses were made of the influence of the smartphone use pattern on the search for health information.ResultsOf the 111 participants, 91% (101/111) accessed the Internet, 88% (89/101) searched for health information, and 90% (80/89) searched for CKD information. Smartphones were the most commonly used devices to access the Internet. There was no significant difference between age groups, schooling levels, places of residence and smartphone use to search information about CKD. Physicians continue to be primary sources of information (87%, 88/101), but now they share space with the Internet, which surpassed traditional sources such as books and other health professionals. There seems to be some discomfort on the part of the parents in admitting their research habit to the physician, considering that 65% (52/80) said they did not discuss the fact that they had looked for information on the Internet with their doctor. Obtaining more information about the disease and gaining knowledge regarding its complications were the main reasons that led to performing a search on the Internet, whose results were considered useful by 93% (74/80).ConclusionParents of children with CKD have been using the Internet largely through smartphones to research about CKD, irrespective of age, schooling and place of residence. Given its wide use, the Internet can be an important vehicle for health education and contribute to providing the support needed by parents and patients to cope with the disease.

O estudo objetiva avaliar o impacto da utilizacao de um software disponivel em aplicativo movel para a aprendizagem de conceitos do Pensamento Computacional e sua influencia sobre o desempenho cognitivo em criancas hospitalizadas. Desenvolveremos oficinas, onde sujeitos da pesquisa utilizarao uma arquitetura computacional para a criacao de jogos e animacoes. Para verificar o aprimoramento sobre conceitos do Pensamento Computacional serao utilizados analise de artefatos e entrevista ao final das oficinas. Para avaliar o nivel intelectual dos participantes utilizaremos a escala WISC-III pre e pos realizacao das oficinas.

OBJETIVO: Descrever a importância do tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) na síndrome nefrótica pediátrica e o uso da heparina de baixo peso molecular como opção terapêutica segura e eficaz. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Menino de 5,7 anos com síndrome nefrótica córtico-resistente e glomérulo-esclerose segmentar e focal foi internado devido à diarréia, distúrbios eletrolíticos e anasarca. No 11º dia de internação, evoluiu com desconforto respiratório súbito, cuja investigação mostrou área de alta probabilidade de TEP na cintilografia pulmonar ventilação/perfusão e obstrução em veia jugular interna esquerda ao ultra-som doppler. Iniciado suporte ventilatório com nebulização de oxigênio e anticoagulação com enoxaparina (2mg/kg/dia). Após seis dias, evoluiu com sintomas neurológicos compatíveis com episódio isquêmico transitório, sem alteração na tomografia computadorizada de crânio. A monitorização do fator anti-Xa no soro demonstrou nível subterapêutico e a dose de enoxaparina foi ajustada para 3mg/kg/dia. O edema e os sintomas pulmonares melhoraram e o paciente recebeu alta hospitalar após 33 dias. COMENTÁRIOS: Embora o TEP seja raro em crianças, a síndrome nefrótica é uma condição pró-trombótica que favorece a complicação. A heparina de baixo peso molecular pode ser considerada no tratamento e na profilaxia secundária do TEP, sendo importante monitorizar o nível sérico do fator anti-Xa para ajustar sua dose e promover tratamento seguro e eficaz.

SHU atypical (aHUS), that is, not associated with Escherichia coli Shiga toxinproducing, is seen in 5 to 10% of cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), and can occur at any age and may be sporadic or familial. The prognosis in these cases is reserved, with high mortality and morbidity in the acute phase of the disease, and about 50% of cases can develop chronic kidney disease. The increased knowledge of the pathogenesis of aHUS (overactivation of the alternative pathway of complement), was accompanied by the appearance of a drug, eculizumab, which acts as an inhibitor of membrane attack complex. Our goal is to report a case of infant with aHUS with excellent clinical and laboratory response with the use of eculizumab. 14 month old infant, previously healthy, male, presented anemia and thrombocytopenia at 12 months of age. He was treated with corticosteroids and forwarded to our service for high blood pressure. However, the scans showed nephrotic proteinuria with renal involvement and hypoalbuminemia with direct Coombs negative. He developed anemia, thrombocytopenia, worsening of renal function and hypertension. Renal biopsy showed thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). On the non-hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure with histological substrate MAT, was diagnosed of aHUS. The patient received eculizumab excellent clinical and laboratory response. This case shows the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of the aHUS. Eculizumab is effective and keeps long-term remission, avoiding invasive measures such as plasmapheresis, which resolves only part of the picture.

Introdução: Diálise peritoneal (DP) é modalidade de terapia renal substitutiva útil em crianças em estágio final de doença renal. O estado nutricional e o crescimento são considerados como marcadores prognósticos na adequação em diálise pediátrica, que dependem da sua prescrição, do controle da volemia e pressão arterial e do manejo dos distúrbios metabólicos e eletrolíticos. Objetivo: Descrever a prescrição da DP e parâmetros de adequação dos pacientes seguidos na Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica do Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP; analisar os resultados hemodinâmicos e antropométricos iniciais e finais; comparar os parâmetros observados na adequação da DP com aqueles sugeridos pela literatura em DP Crônica pediátrica. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva baseada na avaliação de prontuário durante o período entre janeiro de 1998 e maio de 2005, incluindo pacientes em DP por mais de 6 meses. Dados antropométricos, pressão arterial sistêmica, volume de infusão, pressão intra-abdominal (PIA), Teste do Equilíbrio Peritoneal (PET) e Kt/V semanal de uréia e mudanças de prescrição dialítica peritoneal foram analisadas. Resultados: foram analisados dados de 30 pacientes pediátricos, 17/30 (56,7%) sexo masculino. Uropatia foi a etiologia de doença renal crônica em 66,7% dos pacientes. A membrana peritoneal foi caracterizada como alto transportador em 5/18 pacientes, médio/alto transportador em 9/18 pacientes, médio/baixo transportador em 1/18 pacientes e baixo transportador em 3/18 pacientes. O Kt/V de uréia semanal foi > 2,1 em todos os pacientes em que este índice foi coletado. Pressão arterial sistêmica acima do p95 foi observada em 5/30 pacientes. Quatro dos cinco pacientes com hipertensão arterial apresentavam glomerulopatia como etiologia de doença renal crônica. O índice de massa corpórea e o índice de peso para estatura iniciais e finais foram preservados na maioria dos pacientes. Conclusão: Manejo clínico ótimo parece ser mais importante para adequação de DP pediátrica que índices de adequação baseados em estimativa de remoção de pequenos solutos. I ntroduction: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an useful modality of renal replacement therapy in pediatric end-stage renal disease. Growth and nutritional state are considered outcome markers of adequacy in pediatric dialysis, which depends on the dialysis prescription, volume and blood pressure control and management of metabolic and electrolyte disorders. Objective: To describe the PD prescription and adequacy parameters of patients followed by the Pediatric Nephrology Unit of \"Instituto da Criança\" of \"Hospital das Clínicas\" of University of São Paulo; to analyze initial and final anthropometric and hemodynamic results; to compare the observed PD adequacy parameters with those suggested by the pediatric chronic PD literature. Methods: Retrospective analysis based on patients\' files evaluation covering the period between January 1998 and May 2005 and including patients on PD for more than 6 months. Data on anthropometry, systemic blood pressure, infusion volume, intraperitoneal pressure (IPP), peritoneal equilibration test (PET), weekly Kt/V urea and changes in peritoneal dialysis prescription were analyzed. Results: Data from 30 pediatric patients were analyzed, 17/30 (56,7%) boys. Uropathy was the etiology of chronic renal disease in 66,7% patients. The infusion volume was > 1000 ml/m2 in 9 patients. The peritoneal membrane was characterized as a high transporter in 5/18 patients, high/average transporter in 9/18 patients, low/average transporter in 1/18 patients and low transporter in 3/18 patients. The weekly Kt/V urea was >2,1 in all patients for whom this parameter was collected. Systemic blood pressure was above p95 in 5/30 despite antihypertensive medication. Four of 5 patients with high blood pressure had chronic renal failure related to glomerulopathy. The initial and final body mass index and weight to height index were preserved in most of the patients. Conclusion: Optimal clinical management seems to be more important for pediatric PD adequacy than adequacy indexes based on estimation of small solute removal.