Search

Introduction: To find out the audiometric outcome after stapedotomy patients with clinical diagnosis of otosclerosis. Methods: This prospective observational study was performed in a total of 142 patients diagnosed with primary Otosclerosis, who underwent Stapedotomy at the Department of ENT & Head-Neck Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka between January 2013 to January 2018. All patients were evaluated as per the candidacy criteria for stapedotomy and selected patients underwent surgery during the study period and were followed up for a period of 12 months in the Otology clinic. Pre-operative and Post-operative audiometric evaluation were done using conventional pure tone audiometry with standard calibrations. Post-operative audiometry was performed at 03 month, 06 month and 12 month. Results: Overall, the frequency specific pre-operative mean average Air-Bone gap was 51.6 dB at 500Hz, 35.7 dB at 1000 Hz, 40.5 dB at 2000 Hz, 38.9 dB at 4000 Hz and the frequency specific postoperative mean average Air-Bone Gap closure was achieved by 28.1 dB at 500Hz, 30.3 dB at 1000 Hz, 12.5 dB at 2000 Hz, 10.8 dB at 4000 Hz, by the time of 1 years of follow up. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between pre-operative Air-Bone gap and post operative Air-Bone gap. After the surgery 88.7% tinnitus patients reported improvement and 11.3 % noted no change in tinnitus. Postoperative sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was seen in 1.4 %, failure rate was found 3.8% and 1.4% patients developed post-operative persistent vertigo. Conclusion: Most of the audiometric results reveal excellent hearing improvement after stapedectomy surgery and worsened bone conduction (postoperative threshold shifts) for primary otosclerosis. It is safe and successful procedure providing long-term hearing expansion in primary otosclerosis with minimum failure rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A cross-sectional prospective clinical study was done to evaluate the inner ear anomalies in candidates undergoing cochlear implantation. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out over a period of 07 years (Jan 2013 to Dec 2019) at Cochlear Implant Centre, Combined Military Hospital Dhaka. A total 206 deaf candidates, both pre and post lingual, were included in convenient sampling method. Result: The sample consisted of 206 candidates, of whom 117 (56.80%) were female and 89 (43.20%) were male. All candidates had severe to profound bilateral deafness. 182 (88.35%) of them were pre and 24 (11.65%) were in post lingual group. All patients diagnosed audiologically as profound deafness underwent HRCT scan of temporal bone with 3D reconstruction of cochlea and MRI of internal auditory canal & brain. Radiological examination revealed that 36 (17.47%) candidates had ear anomalies. Mondini deformity 14 (06.80%), cochlear ossification 11 (5.34%), large vestibular aqueduct 04 (1.94%), high jugular bulb 04 (1.94%) and anteriorly placed sigmoid sinus 03 (1.45%) were noted. During intervention, 42 (20.39%) candidates had anomalous intra operative findings. Among them CSF gusher 19 (9.23%), ossification of basal turn 12 (5.83%), isolated rotated Cochlea 02 (0.97%), high jugular bulb 04 (1.94%), anteriorly placed sigmoid sinus 03 (1.45%), and very high facial nerve 02 (0.97%) were observed. During surgery, electrode insertion difficulty due to high CSF gusher was experienced in19 (9.23%) cases, full length of electrode insertion was not possible due to ossified basal turn 12 (5.83%), difficult to find out round window membrane due to rotated cochlea 02 (0.97%), prevented direct visualization of the round window due to high jugular bulb 04 (1.94%), difficult to approach round window due to very high facial nerve 02 (0.97%). and approach to round window membrane was compromised due to anteriorly placed sigmoid sinus 03 (1.45%). Most of these difficulties were effectively managed during surgery. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of preoperative radiological scanning in the assessment of patients undergoing cochlear implantation. It provides vital information on cochlear status and in ruling out non cochlear causes where cochlear implantation is not feasible. Detection of anatomical abnormalities with appropriate evaluation, specially imaging should be mandatory in every patient undergoing cochlear implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was focused on the assessment of patient's improvement in hearing, as measured by pure tone audiometry after stapedotomy for primary otosclerosis. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical study was performed in a total of 156 patients diagnosed with Primary Otosclerosis, who underwent Stapedotomy at the Department of ENT & Head-Neck Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Dhaka between January 2013 to January 2019. All patients were evaluated as per the candidacy criteria for stapedotomy and selected patients underwent surgery during the study period and were followed up for a period of 12 months in the Otology clinic. Pre and Post-operative audiometric evaluation was done using conventional pure tone audiometry with standard calibrations. Post-operative audiometry was performed at 03 month, 06 months and 12 months. The bone-conduction & air conduction thresholds and the Air-Bone gap (ABG), were documented and analyzed at 0.5 KHz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz and 4 KHz frequencies respectively. The subjective outcomes in hearing were also recorded with a patient satisfaction questionnaire to assess improvement in quality of hearing after stapedotomy. Results: Overall, the frequency specific pre-operative mean averaged Air Conduction thresholds were 63.3dB at 500Hz, 57.5dB at 1 KHz, 55.1dB at 2 KHz and 45.7dB at 4 KHz. The frequency specific post-operative mean averaged Air conduction thresolds were 34.6 dB at 500Hz, 28.9 dB at 1Kz, 30.5dB at 2Kz and 33.3dB at 4Kz.The frequency specific mean average post operative Air Bone Gap (ABG) closure was achieved by 28.7dB at 500Hz, 27.6 dB at 1KHz, 24.6 dB at 2KHz and 12.4 dB at 4KHz by the time of completion of the study at 01 year. A successful closure of AB gap to less than 10dB was achieved in the speech frequencies of 2 KHz and 4 KHz in 83.97% of cases. Overall, the frequency specific bone-conduction thresholds were unchanged postoperatively in all cases except 03, showing that no significant sensori-neural impairment had occured due to the stapedotomy procedure. 04 patients developed post-op severe vertigo which was self-limiting after six weeks. 01 patient developed transient facial weakness which was subsided over a time period of 03 months. Patients included in our study had significant subjective audiological improvement and responded satisfactorily to the questionnaire formulated to assess their hearing quality after stapedotomy. Conclusions: Our case study confirms that stapedotomy is a safe and successful procedure providing long-term hearing improvement in primary otosclerosis. Our study shows that meticulous selection of cases for stapedotomy will result in highly successful audiological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study explores the synthesis and characterization of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) using Maranta arundinacea rhizome extract and evaluates their bioactivities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials., Methods: The synthesis of Ag/AgCl-NPs was initially confirmed by a color change and a sharp peak at 463 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. Further characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial properties were checked against four pathogenic bacteria ( Shigella boydii, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus ), and antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay. In addition, the anticancer potential was evaluated in vitro using MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay and in vivo using the mouse models. Finally, toxicity was determined by employing the brine shrimp nauplii lethality assay., Results: Ag/AgCl-NPs most effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , showing maximum zone of inhibition and 7 μg/mL of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and prevented the biofilm formation by Escherichia coli at 40 μg/mL. They displayed antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS with IC 50 values of 90.65 and 24.34 μg/mL, respectively. In vitro , they inhibited 61.96 % EAC and 49.63 % MCF-7 cells growth at 32 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. Subsequently, inhibition rates of EAC cells growth in mice were measured as 38.30 %, 57.38 %, and 31.81 % after employing 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day of Ag/AgCl-NPs, respectively. Moreover, Ag/AgCl-NPs treated mice were found to carry more apoptotic EAC cells with distorted morphology. Treated mice showed decreased tumor weight, increased mean survival time, and a lifespan increase of up to 30 %, with improved hematological parameters. Later, Ag/AgCl-NPs exhibited moderate toxicity with an LC 50 value of 208.41 μg/mL in brine shrimp nauplii lethality assay., Conclusion: The promising antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities along with mild toxicity suggest the potential biomedical uses of Maranta arundinacea rhizome extract-mediated Ag/AgCl-NPs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests., (© 2024 The Authors.)

A seed lectin from Manilkara zapota (MZSL) was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography. Hemagglutination activity, neutral sugar content and physicochemical properties of the lectin were determined and toxicity was checked by brine shrimp toxicity assay. Antimicrobial, antioxidant as well as in vitro anticancer activities of MZSL were also evaluated. Our findings showed the molecular weight of MZSL to be 33.0 ± 1 kDa. Minimum hemagglutination concentration of the lectin was 15.625 μg/ml. With a neutral sugar content of 6.32 %, the lectin was fully active at a temperature range of 30-50 °C and pH 7.0-8.0 and it was mildly toxic with an LC 50 value of 107.93 μg/ml. The lectin demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against gram-positive bacteria in contrast to gram-negative bacteria at a concentration of 31.25 μg/ml, agglutinated Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae and exerted fungistatic activity against Aspergillus niger . MZSL dose-dependently reduced the formation of biofilm by E. coli. DPPH assay confirmed its antioxidant activity with an IC 50 value of 96.42 μg/ml. MZSL showed 21.64 % growth inhibition against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells at 80 μg/ml whereas its antiproliferative potential against MCF-7 and A-549 cancer cell lines became evident with IC 50 values of 70.66 μg/ml and 107.64 μg/ml, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

MytiLec-1, a 17 kDa lectin with β-trefoil folding that was isolated from the Mediterranean mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) bound to the disaccharide melibiose, Galα(1,6) Glc, and the trisaccharide globotriose, Galα(1,4) Galβ(1,4) Glc. Toxicity of the lectin was found to be low with an LC 50 value of 384.53 μg/mL, determined using the Artemia nauplii lethality assay. A fluorescence assay was carried out to evaluate the glycan-dependent binding of MytiLec-1 to Artemia nauplii. The lectin strongly agglutinated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells cultured in vivo in Swiss albino mice. When injected intraperitoneally to the mice at doses of 1.0 mg/kg/day and 2.0 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days, MytiLec-1 inhibited 27.62% and 48.57% of cancer cell growth, respectively. Antiproliferative activity of the lectin against U937 and HeLa cells was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in vitro in RPMI-1640 medium. MytiLec-1 internalized into U937 cells and 50 μg/mL of the lectin inhibited their growth of to 62.70% whereas 53.59% cell growth inhibition was observed against EAC cells when incubated for 24 h. Cell morphological study and expression of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Bax, Bcl-X, and NF-κB) showed that the lectin possibly triggered apoptosis in these cells.