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Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is a major cause for hospital admission and associated with high mortality among children worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the most frequently identified pathogens in children with SARI. The duration of care can be affected by the type of infection and patient characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify factors affecting the length of hospitalization in children infected with SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and RSV. Methods We collected data on 713 children with SARI from the medical databases of a university hospital in Hungary. To examine whether there is a difference in the length of hospitalization in children with the SARI Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. To determine the factors that may have an impact on the duration of care a multiple logistic regression analysis was executed. Results Our results showed that among RSV infected patients the proportions of children requiring intensive care (8.94%), mechanical ventilation (8.94%) and oxygen therapy (13.01%) and suffering from pneumonia (29.27%) were larger than among cases with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A infection. Considering the age distribution and the duration of care in children with SARI, cases with RSV were significantly younger (p

IntroductionOral cavity cancer (OCC), primarily oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a growing concern in Europe, particularly among younger populations. Preventable lifestyle factors and social determinants of health contribute significantly to the disease burden. Limited access to healthcare and delayed diagnoses further complicate treatment and reduce survival rates.MethodsThis systematic literature review adhered to PRISMA guidelines to explore trends in OSCC epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and survival across Europe. A comprehensive search strategy using PubMed, GLOBOCAN data, and the EUROCARE-5 study identified relevant articles focusing on human populations in Europe with a primary interest in OSCC epidemiology. Only peer-reviewed publications in English with full-text access were included.ResultsThis study investigated the burden of OSCC across Europe, revealing variations in incidence, mortality, and prognosis. Eastern and Central Europe displayed the highest burden. Males exhibited a significantly higher risk compared to females. Age-related disparities existed in life expectancy and time to achieve favorable outcomes. HPV emerged as a growing risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. Public health strategies should target modifiable risk factors and improve early detection.ConclusionThis review reveals concerning disparities in European OSCC. Region, sex, and age all influence burden and prognosis. Future research should focus on controlling risk factors and personalized medicine to optimize treatment. This will lead to a Europe with reduced OSCC incidence and demonstrably better patient outcomes.

IntroductionMigraine, a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches, affects over 1.1 billion individuals globally. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic condition marked by high blood sugar levels, affects 463 million individuals according to the International Diabetes Federation. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between migraine and DM and to identify several demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, as well as medical and psychiatric comorbidities, associated with migraine among individuals with DM.MethodsThis cross-sectional study is based on data from the European Health Interview Surveys conducted in 2009, 2014, and 2019 in Hungary. Pearson’s chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations. Statistical significance was set at p

IntroductionDiabetes, a key chronic non-communicable disease, poses a substantial public health burden. The role of oral health as a determinant in the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, particularly in the Central Eastern European region, remains underexplored. This research aims to examine the impact of specific oral health parameters, including gum bleeding, active dental caries, tooth mobility, and tooth loss, on diabetes prevalence. Additionally, it seeks to clarify the moderating effects of socio-demographic and lifestyle variables on this relationship.Materials and methodsData were extracted from the 2014 and 2019 datasets of the Hungarian European Health Interview Survey, comprising a combined nationally representative sample of 11,429 participants. Descriptive statistics were presented as weighted proportions and unweighted counts, and weighted Pearson’s chi-squared tests were employed for assessing associations and goodness-of-fit. Significant predictors were integrated into weighted multiple logistic regression models for analysis. Sensitivity analysis was then conducted to confirm the robustness of the findings.ResultsThe study identified ‘Bad’ self-perceived oral health as a diabetes risk (OR=1.35; 95% CI: [1.04-1.75]), with filled teeth being protective (0.65 [0.51-0.84]). Subgroup analysis revealed higher diabetes odds among individuals with primary education (1.41 [1.02-1.96]) and rural residents with tooth loss from decay (3.54 [1.36-9.19]). The bootstrap analysis with 1,000 iterations reaffirmed the model’s stability and predictive accuracy for diabetes.DiscussionEnhanced oral health is associated with lower risk factors for diabetes. This research highlights the importance of including oral health measures in comprehensive diabetes management approaches.

Background and aimConditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia, are a major public health challenge. This study investigates the influence of oral health indicators, including gum bleeding, active dental caries, tooth mobility, and tooth loss, on their prevalence in Hungary, considering socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle factors.Materials and methodsData from the 2019 Hungarian European Health Interview Survey with 5,603 participants informed this analysis. Data were accessed from the records maintained by the Department of Health Informatics at the University of Debrecen between September and November 2023. Variable selection employed elastic net regularization and k-fold cross-validation, leading to high-performing predictors for weighted multiple logistic regression models. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the findings' validity.ResultsSignificant links were found between poor oral health and chronic cardiac conditions. Multiple teeth extractions increased hypertension risk (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: [1.01-2.77]); dental prosthetics had an OR of 1.45 [1.20-1.75]. Gum bleeding was associated with higher cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.69 [1.30-2.21]) and hypercholesterolemia risks (OR = 1.40 [1.09-1.81]).ConclusionsOral health improvement may reduce the risk of cardiac conditions. This underscores oral health's role in multidisciplinary disease management.

IntroductionOral health, a critical aspect of overall well-being, is influenced by various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, with poor oral health associated with systemic diseases and diminished quality of life.MethodsThis cross-sectional study leverages data from the Hungarian European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) representative of the Hungarian population, to conduct a comprehensive examination of the intersection between these factors and oral health, aiming to identify potential risk factors and contribute to the development of targeted interventions. The research examined associations between sociodemographic/lifestyle factors and oral health. Statistical techniques included Pearson’s Chi-square test, multivariate and ordinal logistic regression analyses. Weighting was applied to assure the representativeness of the population and enhance the validity of the survey results.ResultsThe study identifies gender, age, education, financial status, smoking, and self-perceived oral health as key factors influencing oral health outcomes. Notably, regular dental visits significantly reduced the risk of poor oral health and caries. Females, non-smokers, university graduates, high-income individuals, and those with good self-perceived health had fewer missing teeth and better self-perceived oral health. Teeth extractions due to decay, especially when not replaced, significantly increased the perception of poor oral health, while regular dental visits improved it.DiscussionThe study highlights the need for personalized oral health interventions considering the different sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, along with promotion of healthy lifestyle, more frequent dental office visits and equitable dental care access. The findings offer the potential to inform regional oral health policies and prevention strategies, improving oral health and overall wellbeing.

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary artery disease are highly prevalent conditions that are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in Hungary. The conditions are attributed to identical risk factors, and individuals with DM are primarily susceptible to cardiovascular complications, which are the leading causes of death and disability in patients with DM. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CVD in individuals with DM and to investigate the association between potential risk factors and the presence of CVD among individuals with DM in a population-based sample.MethodsThe study was based on data from three waves of the European Health Interview Surveys (EHIS) conducted in Hungary in 2009, 2014, and 2019.ResultsThe prevalence of CVD among patients with DM decreased during the study period and that socioeconomic factors, cardiometabolic risk factors including high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and depression are major contributors to CVD burden in patients with DM in Hungary.DiscussionOur findings suggest the importance of regular check-up for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, better focus on socioeconomic status, as well as ongoing monitoring of mental health among patients with diabetes. Further research is needed to understand the potential causes behind the observed decrease in CVD prevalence.

IntroductionEpidemiological data on Bell's palsy are vital for elucidating disease prevalence and enhancing therapeutic options. Our objective was to explore the prevalence and possible risk factors associated with Bell's palsy recurrence in the Clinical Center of the University of Debrecen service area. Secondary data analysis was performed using hospital discharge data, including patient information and comorbidities.MethodsData was obtained from the Clinical Center of the University of Debrecen, on Bell's palsy patients who were treated at the hospital between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with Bell's palsy recurrence.ResultsOf the 613 patients analyzed, 5.87% had recurrent paralysis, and the median time interval between episodes was 315 days. Hypertension was significantly associated with Bell's palsy recurrence. Moreover, seasonal distribution analysis revealed that the number of Bell's palsy episodes was higher in colder seasons, with spring and winter having a significantly higher number of episodes than summer and autumn.DiscussionThis study provides insights into the prevalence and associated risk factors of Bell's palsy recurrence, which could aid in its management and help reduce the long-term consequences of the disease. Further research is necessary to determine the precise mechanisms underlying these findings.

Background: Patient education plays a key role in health care. In our study, we created a new information guide for patients waiting for total knee (TKA) or hip (THA) arthroplasty. The goal of our study was to create patient education material that would reduce patients’ fear of surgery and improve their postoperative lifestyle. Methods: Patients in the intervention group (n = 44) received newly developed paper-based patient education material before surgery. The surgical fear questionnaire (SFQ) was used to assess fear reduction. A self-designed assessment questionnaire was used to measure the effectiveness of the leaflet among the intervention group patients. Results: The SFQ scores decreased significantly both in patients with TKA (median 37.50 IQR 30.00–40.00 vs. median 20.00 IQR 16.00–24.00) and THA (median 34.50 IQR 28.00–42.00 vs. median 20.00 IQR 16.00–22.00). A control group with TKA (median 37.50 IQR 30.00–40.00 vs. median 64.50 IQR 54.00–82.00) and THA (median 34.50 IQR 28.00–42.00 vs. median 73.00 IQR 56.00–81.00) was also included. An assessment of the content, usability, and clarity of the new leaflet showed that patients rated the new leaflet as almost entirely usable (median score 12.00–10.00). Conclusions: Our results suggest that new printed patient education material may reduce the fear of surgery.