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A transverse beam profile monitor that visualizes a two-dimensional beam-induced fluorescent image was developed. The monitor employs a sheet-shaped gas flow formed by a technique of rarefied gas dynamics. A simplified analysis method was developed to reconstruct the beam intensity profile from the obtained image. The developed profile monitor and the analysis method were applied to measure the J-PARC 3 MeV ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ beam profile. The root mean square values of the profiles were consistent with the ones obtained by a wire-scanning-type beam profile monitor. The beam loss due to the gas sheet injection was measured as a beam-current reduction. The amount of the beam current decreased in proportion to the gas sheet flux and the reduction ranged from 0.004 to 2.5%. The assembled system was capable of reconstructing a beam profile from a single shot beam pulse ($1.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}$ protons in $50\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$).

Toward ITER, the long-pulse acceleration of MeV-class negative ion beams has been successfully demonstrated and R&Ds and the procurement of high-voltage components of 1 MV power supply system have been progressed. In the accelerator development after the production of 1 MeV beams, an extraction grid, where a water cooling is reinforced and the beam is steered by aperture offset to suppress grid heat loads, has been newly developed to extend the pulse duration of the MeV-class beams. As the result, a total grid heat load has been reduced from 20% to 10% of the total beam power. The beam pulse was successfully increased from 0.4 s to 60 s at 0.68 MeV, 100 A/m 2 and 12 s at 0.89 MeV, 156 A/m 2 beams. As for the procurement of the 1 MV power supply system, 1 MV insulating transformer as the critical component has been developed. In the mock-up, a dc 1.2 MV for 1 h with the margin of 20% was stably sustained. Through the R&Ds of the critical components, design of five power supplies procured by JAEA has been finalized, and out of which a testing power supply has been completed in June 2014.

We describe the operational experience of the JET actively cooled duct liner and compare it with the previous inertially cooled duct. The paper discusses the initial conditioning of the duct liner during restart commissioning and subsequent high power performance. The new duct was conditioned in 48 plasma pulses during its first time commissioning in only 35 plasma pulses in the following restart. The inertial duct liner conditioning typically required 100 plasma pulses. In a well conditioned beamline for a 15 MW beam pulse the duct liner temperature and pressure were observed to establish an equilibrium 5 s into the pulse and remain in a steady state to the end of the pulse. The observed behaviour is compared with the design basis predictions.

하지만 ITO 는 기계적 강도 및 안정성에 대한 제한이 존재하여 현재 다양한 곡면 및 유연 투명 전도성 소재에 대한 적용에는 문제가 있다. 이러한 응용품의 요구에 따라 유연한 표면에 박막Key Words: Pulsed Laser(펄스레이저), Silver(은), Nanowire(나노와이어), Micro Fabricatio(미세가공) 초록: 펄스 레이저를 적용한 실버나노와이어의 접합 영향이 연구되었다. 조사된 레이저 펄스 에너지는 실버나노와이어 네트워크에서 실버나노와이어간에 접합을 유도하였으며 이로 인해 투명 기저위의 실버나노와이어 네트워크 박막에 전기 저항값을 조절할 수 있었다. 특히 이러한 나노네트워크에서의 접합은 개별 나노와이어의 접촉점의 형태로 발생되었고 접합의 효과는 전체 실버나노와이어 네트워크의 전기저항 변화 측정으로 평가하였다. 또한 레이저 빔 펄스폭 및 레이저 평균 출력이 나노와이어 접합 비율 평가에 적용되어 연구되었다. 실버나노와이어 네트워크의 광학 특성도 관찰되었으며 이에 레이저 공정 요소 대비 효과도 연구되었다. 최적화된 레이저빔 적용 재료처리는 특화된 국부 재료 특성 개선에 장점을 보였다. 펄스 레이저를 이용한 실버나노와이어의 재료처리의 적용과 그 효과에 대해서도 논의한다. Abstract: A direct pulsed laser process for welding and networking silver nanowires was developed. The welded nanowire network demonstrated modified electrical properties in a transparent substance. In particular, the welding points on the nanowires were investigated to measure the resistance at the connections. The level of networking in nanowires was explored with respect to various laser pulse widths and average power densities. In particular, the influence of laser beam density was investigated in detail. Selective laser treatment can be advantageous in imparting customized local property changes in transparent conducting materials. Various applications of the process are also discussed in this paper.

The ultracold neutron (UCN) source at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland has started full beam operation in mid 2011. Since then, continuous improvements have led to an UCN intensity increase by about a factor of 80 in comparison to first beam on target. UCN delivery to two beam ports is now operating on a regular basis, with e.g. about 17 million UCN delivered to one experiment over the first 200 s with every 4 s long beam pulse operated in a 480 s interval.

Because the nearspace slow-moving platform borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can realize high resolution imaging using low pulse repetition frequency (PRF), a full-aperture ScanSAR (FA-ScanSAR) operation, which switches the range beam pulse by pulse, was proposed for wide swath imaging. This operation separates the wide swath into several sub-swaths, and each of which can be illuminated by a narrow range beam. The SAR antenna switches the range beam to point at each of the sub-swaths in turn, transmits pulses and receives echoes pulse by pulse. The design method of main system parameters and the calculating expressions of the performance indexes are addressed in the paper. A design example is given to compare the performance of the conventional strip operation, ScanSAR and FA- ScanSAR operation. The results show that FA-ScanSAR operation can obtain high resolution by full aperture accumulation in wide swath and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of SAR images for the nearspace slow-moving platform borne SAR.

The experiment described in this paper is the first study of the response of a static tungsten powder sample to an impinging high energy proton beam pulse. The experiment was carried out at the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Observations include high speed videos of a proton beam induced perturbation of the powder sample as well as data from a laser Doppler vibrometer measuring the oscillations of the powder container. A comparison with a previous analogous experiment which studied a proton beam interaction with mercury is made. The experiment described in this paper is the first study of the response of a static tungsten powder sample to an impinging high energy proton beam pulse. The experiment was carried out at the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Observations include high speed videos of a proton beam induced perturbation of the powder sample as well as data from a laser Doppler vibrometer measuring the oscillations of the powder container. A comparison with a previous analogous experiment which studied a proton beam interaction with mercury is made

Near-threshold photodissociation of ${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$ from a supersonic beam produces slow bromine atoms that are trapped in the magnetic-field minimum formed between two opposing permanent magnets. Here we quantify the dominant trap-loss rate due to collisions with two sources of residual gas: the background limited by the vacuum chamber base pressure and the carrier gas during the supersonic gas pulse. The loss rate due to collisions with residual Ar in the background follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and the bimolecular rate coefficient for collisional loss from the trap is determined by measurement of this rate as a function of the background Ar pressure. This rate coefficient is smaller than the total elastic collision rate coefficient, as it only samples those collisions that lead to trap loss, and is determined to be $\ensuremath{\langle}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\rangle}=(1.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The calculated differential cross section can be used with this value to estimate a trap depth of $293\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}24\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$. Carrier-gas collisions occur only during the tail of the supersonic beam pulse. Using the differential cross section verified by the background-gas collision measurements provides an estimate of the peak molecular-beam density of $(3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, in good agreement with the prediction of a simple supersonic expansion model. Finally, we estimate the trap-loss rate due to Majorana transitions to be negligible, owing to the relatively large trapped-atom phase-space volume.

The Australian Synchrotron AS is moving towards a continuous injection mode called top-up. During top-up the linac and booster synchrotron injection system will be in continuous operation rather than usedevery eight hours the way they are used at present. In order to monitor the performance of the injection system areal-time injection efficiency monitoring system has been developed. The system consists of several Fast CurrentTransformers [1] and matching digitisers [2] and is designed to count every beam pulse and measure the transmission efficiency through the whole accelerator complex. After calibrating the system using a properly matchedFaraday Cup at the electron gun, a transmission efficiency is then calculated at each stage of transferring the beamfrom 90 keV out of the gun to 3 GeV in the storage ring. The system is used to optimise the injection process inorder to maximise the injection efficiency and as an early warning system when equipment starts to fail and theinjection efficiency decreases.

Some major system features are not stated but can be inferred. For example this is probably an engineering test facility, not a power plant driver, because the standoff from target to final magnet is only 5.0 m. The fusion target takes two-sided illumination with indirect drive using a total of 60 beam pulses: 10 pre-pulses (3.0 GeV) + 20 main pulses (4.0 GeV) from each side. On page 12 it's stated that the charge per beam pulse is 26.8 {micro}C, so we calculate pre-pulse: 20 x 3 GeV x 26.8 {micro}C = 1.608MJ, main pulse: 40 x 4 GeV x 26.8 {micro}C = 4.288MJ, total beam energy 5.896MJ. The beam ion mass ks 200 amu, so the species is Hg{sup +}. Therefore the mid-pulse velocities are: pre-pulse v = .1773c = 5.316 x 10{sup 7} m/s, main pulse v = .2040c = 6.114 x 10{sup 7} m/s, On page 12 it is stated that the pre-compression pulse length is L{sub 0} = 10.0m, and compression is by a 'factor of order 20'. They infer a final pulse length of about .5 m and final durations pre-pulse {tau} {approx} .5/5.316 x 10{sup 7} = 9.4 ns; main pulse {tau} {approx} .5/6.114more » x 10{sup 7} = 8.2 ms. The magnetic rigidity of the beam ions is [B{rho}] = {gamma}m v/e = {l_brace} 112.0 T-m - prepulse/129.5 T-m - mainpulse{r_brace}.« less

3 pp. (2005)., ophisticated beam-based alignment is essential in future linear colliders to preserve the beam emittance during the transport through the main linac. One such method is dispersion free steering. In this paper different options to implement this method are discussed, based on the use of different accelerating gradients, RF phases and bunch particle types during a beam pulse.

Photothermal depth profiling is usually applied to inhomogeneous materials, and allows to localize the optical inhomogeneity or retrieve the thermal effusivity depth profile by simple monitoring the surface temperature or any related photothermal signal after the pump beam pulse absorption. In this article we want to discuss two different kind of inverse problems; the heat source depth profiling (1 st type), and the effusivity depth profiling (2 nd type). Finally we want to show the equivalence of the two problems, and provide some mathematical tools to get the solutions by the Thermal Wave Backscattering (TWBS).

The plasma current decay time constant is predicted to be short compared to the pulse length and so self-focusing is predicted for most of the beam pulse. Four- pulse beam envelopes for a high dose case require mitigation, those for a low dose case do not. Methods of mitigation are summarized. Hose instability growth in the plume length is predicted to be minimal.

A 1.5-GeV Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) proton Accelerator is being studied as a new injector to the Alternating-Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The major benefit is that it would considerably shorten the overall AGS acceleration cycle, and, consequently, may yield to an improvement of beam stability, intensity and size. The AGS-FFAG, as we shall call the new injector, will also facilitate the proposed upgrade of the AGS facility toward a 1-MW average proton beam power at the top energy of 28 GeV. This paper describes the FFAG design for acceleration of protons from 400 MeV to 1.5 GeV, with the same circumference of the AGS, and entirely housed in the AGS tunnel. The lattice is a periodic sequence of FDF triplets of combined-function magnets. An adjusted magnet field profile has been calculated to compensate the variation of the main lattice functions with momentum. At injection, a 1.0-ms long beam pulse of negative-ions (H) is stacked using the chargeexchange method. Acceleration of one pulse with 1.0 x 10 protons takes about 7.0 msec. The beam is transferred in one single turn from the FFAG to the AGS.

Summary form only given. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator system includes a nominally 1000 MeV, 1.4 mA average current linac consisting of a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), drift tube linac (DTL), coupled cavity linac (CCL), a medium and high beta super conducting (SC) linac, and two buncher cavities for beam transport to an accumulator ring. The average proton beam power of the accelerator is 1.4 MW. Los Alamos is responsible for the RF systems for all sections of the linac. The SNS linac is a pulsed proton linac and the RF system must support a 1 msec beam pulse at up to a 60 Hz repetition rate. The RFQ and DTL utilize seven, 2.5 MW klystrons and operate at 402.5 MHz. The CCL,SC, and buncher cavities operate at 805 MHz. Six, 5 MW klystrons are utilized for the CCL and buncher cavities while eighty-one 550 kW klystrons are used for the SC cavities.

A proposed, high charge, fixed target experiment (E-158) is planned to run with the highest possible energies available at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), at 45 and 48 Gev. The charge is up to 6 {center_dot} 10{sup 11} particles in a 370 ns long beam pulse. The SLAC Energy Development (SLED) rf system generates an increasing no-load beam energy, with a linearly decreasing slope. We show how to obtain a current variation that tracks the no-load voltage, resulting in zero energy spread. We discuss the results of a lower energy experiment that verifies the predicted charge and current at the energies required for E-158.

Improvement in focusing the proton beam onto the antiproton production target necessitates the development of a higher resolution beam profile monitor. Two designs for the construction of a multiwire profile monitor grid are presented. The first is a conventional strung and tensioned Ti wire design. The second is a photo etched Ti grid of wires bonded to a ceramic substrate. Both have a central wire spacing of 125 /spl mu/m. The completed beam profile monitors are designed to operate in a 120 GeV beam pulse of 5/spl times/10/sup 12/ protons with a 1.5 /spl mu/s duration and will be installed in late 1993. >

Two-stage autoacceleration was experimentally realized by passing an annular electron beam through a two-stage passive cavity structure. The kinetic energies of the last quarter part in the beam pulse were increased. Possibility of compression of an intense beam using multistage autoacceleration is discussed.

Brillouin amplifier was numerically simulated by using the theoretic model of transient stimulated Brillouin scattering. Wehave oblained the depleted pump energy extract efficiency, Stokes seed amplification factor, seed beam pulse\|width compression ratio and pump beam pulse\|width compression ratio versus the ratio of seed to pump energy. Experiment was done so as to verify the theory. The theoretical calculation was in good agreement with experimental results.

MOS radiation detectors with memory have been used to time resolve a portion of an alectron beam pulse from a 704 Febetron. These detectors have the three functions of detection, memory, and readout all integrated into a single device so that time resolved detection can be performed without the requirement of realtime diagnostics. Good agreement was obtained between the waveshapes of the time resolved signal of the MOS radiation detector with memory and a real time MOS radiation detector used as a reference monitor of the Febetron's pulse. The time resolution of the detector system was 6.6 nsec. No effort was made to calibrate the output of the MOS detectors with radiation dose. (auth)

The radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) has a FODO lattice and drift-tube-linacs (DTL) in general also have FODO lattices. Therefore the natural solution for the matching between these is a FODO lattice. For matching in all three planes one then needs sixteen degrees of freedom. However, different requirements, depending on the applications, may change this solution. For example, in the production environment (like medical and industrial applications), one needs fixed current and fixed beam quality. On the other hand, in the research environment one not only needs all degrees of freedom, but may also want to chop of beam pulse. This paper discusses matching solutions for these different requirements.

A debuncher with half stochastic and half resonance acceleration has been applied to the INS 160 cm. synchro-cyclotron. The resulting beam intensity has been found to be almost unchangeable with time. The average beam current is 35% as large as it had been before the debuncher was installed.