165 results on '"Beaudoin, Nicolas"'
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2. Relative rates of fluid advection, elemental diffusion and replacement govern reaction front patterns
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Koehn, Daniel, Piazolo, Sandra, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Kelka, Ulrich, Spruženiece, Liene, Putnis, Christine, and Toussaint, Renaud
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Physics - Geophysics - Abstract
Replacement reactions during fluid infiltration into porous media, rocks and buildings are known to have important implications for reservoir development, ore formation as well as weathering. Natural observations and experiments have shown that in such systems the shape of reaction fronts can vary significantly ranging from smooth, rough to highly irregular. It remains unclear what process-related knowledge can be derived from these reaction front patterns. In this contribution we show a numerical approach to test the effect of relative rates of advection, diffusion and reaction on the development of reaction fronts patterns in granular aggregates with permeable grain boundaries. The numerical model takes (i) fluid infiltration along permeable grain boundaries, (ii) reactions and (iii) elemental diffusion into account. We monitor the change in element concentration within the fluid, while reactions occur at a pre-defined rate as a function of the local fluid concentration. In non-dimensional phase space using P{\'e}clet and Damk{\"o}hler numbers, results show that there are no rough fronts without advection (P{\'e}clet<70) nor if the reaction is too fast (Damk{\"o}hler>10-3). As advection becomes more dominant and reaction slower, roughness develops across several grains with a full microstructure mimicking replacement in the most extreme cases. The reaction front patterns show an increase in roughness with increasing P{\'e}clet number from P{\'e}clet 10 to 100 but then a decrease in roughness towards higher P{\'e}clet numbers controlled by the Damk{\"o}hler number. Our results indicate that reaction rates are crucial for pattern formation and that the shape of reaction fronts is only partly due to the underlying transport mechanism.
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- 2021
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3. STICS soil-crop model
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Lecharpentier, Patrice, Ripoche-Wachter, Dominique, Strullu, Loïc, Mary, Bruno, Léonard, Joël, Launay, Marie, and Justes, Eric
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agronomy ,nitrogen ,modelling ,crop production ,harvesting ,soil ,cropping system ,tropics ,bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVK Agronomy & crop production ,bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling & simulation - Abstract
The STICS crop model has been developed since 1996 at INRA (French National Institute for Agronomic Research) in collaboration with other research and technical institutes. The model syntheses, illustrates and concretizes an important part of the French agronomic knowledge as a point of view on the field and cropping systems working. The formalisations of the STICS crop model presented in this book can be considered as references used in the framework of crop sciences. They will help professionals and students in the partitioning and understanding of the complex agronomic system. The book arrangement relies on the way the model designs the crop-soil system functioning, each chapter being devoted to a set of important functions such as growth initiation, yield onset, water uptake, transformation of organic matter etc. One chapter deals with the cropping system and long term simulations and the final chapter is about the involvement of the user in terms of option choices and parameterization. If this book is mainly intended for scientists who use the STICS model, it can also be useful for agronomists, crop modellers, students and technicians looking for elementary formalizations of the crop-soil system functioning.
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- 2023
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4. The Seine Watershed Water-Agro-Food System: Long-Term Trajectories of C, N and P Metabolism
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Billen, Gilles, Garnier, Josette, Le Noë, Julia, Viennot, Pascal, Gallois, Nicolas, Puech, Thomas, Schott, Celine, Anglade, Juliette, Mary, Bruno, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Léonard, Joël, Mignolet, Catherine, Théry, Sylvain, Thieu, Vincent, Silvestre, Marie, Passy, Paul, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by
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- 2021
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5. Timing, sequence, duration and rate of deformation in fold-and-thrust belts: a review of traditional approaches and recent advances from absolute dating (K-Ar illite/U-Pb calcite) of brittle structures.
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Lacombe, Olivier and Beaudoin, Nicolas Emmanuel
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LITERATURE reviews , *GEOLOGICAL time scales , *ILLITE , *CALCITE , *THRUST - Abstract
Based on a review of literature and a few case studies, this paper summarizes the state of the art on the dating of folds and thrusts, then presents and discusses how recent advances in K-Ar illite and U-Pb calcite geochronology applied to brittle structures in fold-and-thrust belts have helped better constrain the timing, sequence, duration and rates of deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Accuracy, robustness and behavior of the STICS soil–crop model for plant, water and nitrogen outputs: Evaluation over a wide range of agro-environmental conditions in France
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Coucheney, Elsa, Buis, Samuel, Launay, Marie, Constantin, Julie, Mary, Bruno, García de Cortázar-Atauri, Iñaki, Ripoche, Dominique, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Ruget, Françoise, Andrianarisoa, Kasaina Sitraka, Le Bas, Christine, Justes, Eric, and Léonard, Joël
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- 2015
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7. Contribution of Studies of Sub-Seismic Fracture Populations to Paleo-Hydrological Reconstructions (Bighorn Basin, USA)
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Lacombe, Olivier, Bellahsen, Nicolas, and Emmanuel, Laurent
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- 2013
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8. Cumulative effects of catch crops on nitrogen uptake, leaching and net mineralization
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Constantin, Julie, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Laurent, François, Cohan, Jean-Pierre, Duyme, Florent, and Mary, Bruno
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- 2011
9. An Original Experimental Design to Quantify and Model Net Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen in the Field
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Morvan, Thierry, primary, Beff, Laure, additional, Lambert, Yvon, additional, Mary, Bruno, additional, Germain, Philippe, additional, Louis, Benjamin, additional, and Beaudoin, Nicolas, additional
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- 2022
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10. Measuring the accuracy of agro-environmental indicators
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Makowski, David, Tichit, Muriel, Guichard, Laurence, Van Keulen, Herman, and Beaudoin, Nicolas
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- 2009
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11. Calcite Twin Formation, Measurement and Use as Stress–Strain Indicators: A Review of Progress over the Last Decade
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Lacombe, Olivier, primary, Parlangeau, Camille, additional, Beaudoin, Nicolas E., additional, and Amrouch, Khalid, additional
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- 2021
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12. Dating folding beyond folding, from layer-parallel shortening to fold tightening, using mesostructures: lessons from the Apennines, Pyrenees, and Rocky Mountains
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Lacombe, Olivier, primary, Beaudoin, Nicolas E., additional, Hoareau, Guilhem, additional, Labeur, Aurélie, additional, Pecheyran, Christophe, additional, and Callot, Jean-Paul, additional
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- 2021
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13. Regional-scale paleofluid system across the Tuscan\ud Nappe–Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines)\ud as revealed by mesostructural and isotopic analyses\ud of stylolite–vein networks
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Labeur, Aurélie, Lacombe, Olivier, Koehn, Daniel, Billi, Andrea, Hoareau, Guilhem, Boyce, Adrian, John, Cédric M., Marchegiano, Marta, Roberts, Nick M., Millar, Ian L., Claverie, Fanny, Pecheyran, Christophe, and Callot, Jean-Paul
- Abstract
We report the results of a multiproxy study that combines structural analysis of a fracture–stylolite network and isotopic characterization of calcite vein cements and/or fault coating. Together with new paleopiezometric and radiometric constraints on burial evolution and deformation timing, these results provide a first-order picture of the regional fluid systems and pathways that were present during the main stages of contraction in the Tuscan Nappe and Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines). We reconstruct four steps of deformation at the scale of the belt: burial-related stylolitization, Apenninic-related layer-parallel shortening with a contraction trending NE–SW, local extension related to folding, and late-stage fold tightening under a contraction still striking NE–SW. We combine the paleopiezometric inversion of the roughness of sedimentary stylolites – that constrains the range of burial depth of strata prior to layer-parallel shortening – with burial models and U–Pb absolute dating of fault coatings in order to determine the timing of development of mesostructures. In the western part of the ridge, layer-parallel shortening started in Langhian time (∼15 Ma), and then folding started at Tortonian time (∼8 Ma); late-stage fold tightening started by the early Pliocene (∼5 Ma) and likely lasted until recent/modern extension occurred (∼3 Ma onward). The textural and geochemical (δ18O, δ13C, Δ47CO2 and 87Sr∕86Sr) study of calcite vein cements and fault coatings reveals that most of the fluids involved in the belt during deformation either are local or flowed laterally from the same reservoir. However, the western edge of the ridge recorded pulses of eastward migration of hydrothermal fluids (>140 ∘C), driven by the tectonic contraction and by the difference in structural style of the subsurface between the eastern Tuscan Nappe and the Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge.
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- 2020
14. STICS ability to simulate long-term soil organic matter dynamics in crop-grassland rotations
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Cadero, Alice, Ferchaud, Fabien, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Chlebowski, Florent, Mary, Bruno, Vertes, Francoise, Graux, Anne-Isabelle, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro (Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), CarSolEl (ADEME AAP Graine), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)
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Soil organic carbon ,Grasslands ,Long-term datasets ,France ,modèle de prédiction ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,prairie ,rotation ,culture ,modelling ,carbone organique du sol ,grassland ,modélisation - Abstract
STICS ability to simulate long-term soil organic matter dynamics in crop-grassland rotations. iCROPM2020 Symposium - Crop modelling for the future. STICS model workshop
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- 2020
15. Combination of Δ47 and U-Pb dating in tectonic calcite veins unravel the last pulses related to the Pyrenean Shortening (Spain)
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Hoareau, Guilhem, Crognier, Nemo, Lacroix, Brice, Aubourg, Charles, Roberts, Nick N.W., Niemi, Nathan, Branellec, Mathieu, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Suárez Ruiz, Isabel, Hoareau, Guilhem, Crognier, Nemo, Lacroix, Brice, Aubourg, Charles, Roberts, Nick N.W., Niemi, Nathan, Branellec, Mathieu, Beaudoin, Nicolas, and Suárez Ruiz, Isabel
- Abstract
Clumped isotopes thermometry (Δ47) and U-Pb dating of carbonates have been used to elucidate the temperature-time conditions of 10 tectonic calcite veins in the hanging wall of the South Pyrenean Frontal Thrust (Spain), the youngest thrust unit in the south-central Pyrenees. The Δ47 values indicate precipitation temperatures below ∼90 °C, in agreement with fluid inclusion analyses. 6 veins have been successfully dated, giving ages between 61 and 14.5 Ma with all but one value below 24 Ma. On the basis of our new results, we propose that several the studied veins record the end of Pyrenean tectonics in the area during the Burdigalian, possibly up to the Serravalian, younger than estimates based on magnetostratigraphic data from continental syn-tectonic deposits. Calculated O values of the precipitating fluid are either very positive, suggesting a local source that has interacted with the host rock, or negative, suggesting the downward incursion of meteoric waters. For undated or pre-burial veins, the Δ47 values derived from temperature history reordering model (THRM) show that the measured Δ47 values may have been significantly altered during burial, preventing their use as a reliable thermal or paleohydrological marker. Although applied to a limited number of samples, these results highlight the great potential of the U-Pb/Δ47 approach to decipher the history of vein or cement formation and fluid flow in complex tectonic zones, provided that (i) the thermal evolution is known and (ii) the extent of clumped isotope reordering is systematically modelled
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- 2021
16. Burial-Deformation History of Folded Rocks Unraveled by Fracture Analysis, Stylolite Paleopiezometry and Vein Cement Geochemistry: A Case Study in the Cingoli Anticline (Umbria-Marche, Northern Apennines)
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Labeur, Aurélie, primary, Beaudoin, Nicolas E., additional, Lacombe, Olivier, additional, Emmanuel, Laurent, additional, Petracchini, Lorenzo, additional, Daëron, Mathieu, additional, Klimowicz, Sebastian, additional, and Callot, Jean-Paul, additional
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- 2021
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17. Regional-scale paleofluid system across the Tuscan Nappe–Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines) as revealed by mesostructural and isotopic analyses of stylolite–vein networks
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Beaudoin, Nicolas E., primary, Labeur, Aurélie, additional, Lacombe, Olivier, additional, Koehn, Daniel, additional, Billi, Andrea, additional, Hoareau, Guilhem, additional, Boyce, Adrian, additional, John, Cédric M., additional, Marchegiano, Marta, additional, Roberts, Nick M., additional, Millar, Ian L., additional, Claverie, Fanny, additional, Pecheyran, Christophe, additional, and Callot, Jean-Paul, additional
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- 2020
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18. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb carbonate geochronology: strategies, progress, and limitations
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Roberts, Nick M. W., primary, Drost, Kerstin, additional, Horstwood, Matthew S. A., additional, Condon, Daniel J., additional, Chew, David, additional, Drake, Henrik, additional, Milodowski, Antoni E., additional, McLean, Noah M., additional, Smye, Andrew J., additional, Walker, Richard J., additional, Haslam, Richard, additional, Hodson, Keith, additional, Imber, Jonathan, additional, Beaudoin, Nicolas, additional, and Lee, Jack K., additional
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- 2020
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19. Agricultural water nonpoint pollution control under uncertainty and climate variability
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Lacroix, Anne, Beaudoin, Nicolas, and Makowski, David
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- 2005
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20. Regional-scale coupled modeling of water pollution by nitrate from agricultural sources: the Seine-Normandie hydrosystem case study
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Gallois, Nicolas, Viennot, Pascal, Puech, Thomas, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Passy, Paul, Chlebowski, Florent, Le Bas, Christine, Mary, Bruno, Billen, Gilles, Garnier, Josette, Silvestre, Marie, Thieu, Vincent, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Foreign Trade University, Hanoi, Vietnam (FTU), InfoSol (InfoSol), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICROPM. INT., Unité d'Agronomie Laon-Reims-Mons (LAON), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), UMR 7619 Metis, Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Unité de recherche SAD ASTER - Station de Mirecourt (INRA SAD), Fédération Île-de-France de Recherche sur l'Environnement (FIRE (FR_3020)), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 1158 AgroImpact Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux, UR 0471 Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Péronne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Environnement et Agronomie (E.A.)-Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Péronne (LILL LAON AGRO), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro (Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), and École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,transfert de nitrate ,modélisation couplée ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,scénario prospectif ,coupled modelling ,nitrate pollution ,nitrogen leaching ,foresight scenario ,pollution nitrique ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
HAL Id : hal-02471202, version 1 https://cel.archives-ouvertes.fr/METIS_UMR7619/hal-02471202 HAL Id : hal-02471202, version 1 https://cel.archives-ouvertes.fr/METIS_UMR7619/hal-02471202; National audience
- Published
- 2020
21. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb carbonate geochronology: strategies, progress, and limitations
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Roberts, Nick M.W., Drost, Kerstin, Horstwood, Matthew S.A., Condon, Daniel J., Chew, David, Drake, Henrik, Milodowski, Antoni E., McLean, Noah M., Smye, Andrew J., Walker, Richard J., Haslam, Richard, Hodson, Keith, Imber, Jonathan, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Lee, Jack K., Roberts, Nick M.W., Drost, Kerstin, Horstwood, Matthew S.A., Condon, Daniel J., Chew, David, Drake, Henrik, Milodowski, Antoni E., McLean, Noah M., Smye, Andrew J., Walker, Richard J., Haslam, Richard, Hodson, Keith, Imber, Jonathan, Beaudoin, Nicolas, and Lee, Jack K.
- Abstract
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb geochronology of carbonate minerals, calcite in particular, is rapidly gaining popularity as an absolute dating method. The high spatial resolution of LA-ICP-MS U–Pb carbonate geochronology has benefits over traditional isotope dilution methods, particularly for diagenetic and hydrothermal calcite, because uranium and lead are heterogeneously distributed on the sub-millimetre scale. At the same time, this can provide limitations to the method, as locating zones of radiogenic lead can be time-consuming and “hit or miss”. Here, we present strategies for dating carbonates with in situ techniques, through imaging and petrographic techniques to data interpretation; our examples are drawn from the dating of fracture-filling calcite, but our discussion is relevant to all carbonate applications. We review several limitations to the method, including open-system behaviour, variable initial-lead compositions, and U–daughter disequilibrium. We also discuss two approaches to data collection: traditional spot analyses guided by petrographic and elemental imaging and image-based dating that utilises LA-ICP-MS elemental and isotopic map data.
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- 2020
22. Regional-scale paleofluid system across the Tuscan Nappe–Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines) as revealed by mesostructural and isotopic analyses of stylolite–vein networks
- Author
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Beaudoin, Nicolas E., Labeur, Aurélie, Lacombe, Olivier, Koehn, Daniel, Billi, Andrea, Hoareau, Guilhem, Boyce, Adrian, John, Cédric M., Marchegiano, Marta, Roberts, Nick M., Millar, Ian L., Claverie, Fanny, Pecheyran, Christophe, Callot, Jean-Paul, Beaudoin, Nicolas E., Labeur, Aurélie, Lacombe, Olivier, Koehn, Daniel, Billi, Andrea, Hoareau, Guilhem, Boyce, Adrian, John, Cédric M., Marchegiano, Marta, Roberts, Nick M., Millar, Ian L., Claverie, Fanny, Pecheyran, Christophe, and Callot, Jean-Paul
- Abstract
We report the results of a multiproxy study that combines structural analysis of a fracture–stylolite network and isotopic characterization of calcite vein cements and/or fault coating. Together with new paleopiezometric and radiometric constraints on burial evolution and deformation timing, these results provide a first-order picture of the regional fluid systems and pathways that were present during the main stages of contraction in the Tuscan Nappe and Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines). We reconstruct four steps of deformation at the scale of the belt: burial-related stylolitization, Apenninic-related layer-parallel shortening with a contraction trending NE–SW, local extension related to folding, and late-stage fold tightening under a contraction still striking NE–SW. We combine the paleopiezometric inversion of the roughness of sedimentary stylolites – that constrains the range of burial depth of strata prior to layer-parallel shortening – with burial models and U–Pb absolute dating of fault coatings in order to determine the timing of development of mesostructures. In the western part of the ridge, layer-parallel shortening started in Langhian time (∼15 Ma), and then folding started at Tortonian time (∼8 Ma); late-stage fold tightening started by the early Pliocene (∼5 Ma) and likely lasted until recent/modern extension occurred (∼3 Ma onward). The textural and geochemical (δ18O, δ13C, Δ47CO2 and 87Sr∕86Sr) study of calcite vein cements and fault coatings reveals that most of the fluids involved in the belt during deformation either are local or flowed laterally from the same reservoir. However, the western edge of the ridge recorded pulses of eastward migration of hydrothermal fluids (>140 ∘C), driven by the tectonic contraction and by the difference in structural style of the subsurface between the eastern Tuscan Nappe and the Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge.
- Published
- 2020
23. Long-term modelling of crop yield, nitrogen losses and GHG balance in organic cropping systems
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Autret, Bénédicte, Mary, Bruno, Strullu, Loic, Chlebowski, Florent, Mäder, Paul, Mayer, Jochen, Olesen, Jørgen E., Beaudoin, Nicolas, Autret, Bénédicte, Mary, Bruno, Strullu, Loic, Chlebowski, Florent, Mäder, Paul, Mayer, Jochen, Olesen, Jørgen E., and Beaudoin, Nicolas
- Abstract
Although organic cropping systems are promoted for their environmental benefits, little is known about their long-term impact on nitrogen (N) fate in the soil–plant-atmosphere system. In this paper, we analyze two long-term experiments: DOK in Switzerland (39-yr) and Foulum organic in Denmark (19-yr). Four treatments were considered in each experiment: two conventional treatments with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN), organic with manure (BIOORG) and unfertilized treatment (NOFERT) at DOK; conventional (CGL-CC+IF) and three organic treatments, one with cover crops only (OGL+CC-M) and two including cover crops and grass-clover with (OGC+CC+M) or without manure (OGC+CC-M), at Foulum. STICS model was used to simulate crop production, N surplus, nitrate leaching, gaseous N losses and changes in soil organic N. It was calibrated in the conventional treatments and tested in organic systems. The crop production, N surplus and soil organic N stocks were satisfactorily predicted. The mean N surplus greatly differed between treatments at DOK, from −58 (NOFERT) to +21 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (CONFYM), but only from −9 (OGL+CC-M) to +21 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (OGC+CC+M) in Foulum. Soil N pools declined continuously in both sites and treatments at a rate varying from −18 to −78 kg N ha−1 yr−1, depending on fertilization and crop rotation. The decline was consistent with the observed N surpluses. Although not all simulations could be tested against field observations and despite of prediction uncertainties, simulations confirm the hypothesis that environmental performances resulting from C and N cycles depend more on specificities of individual than nominal treatments. Significant correlations appeared between long-term N surplus and soil N storage and between total N fertilization and total N gaseous losses. Results showed in both experiments that arable organic systems do not systematically have lower N surplus and N losses than conventional ones, providing opportunity for increasing N use e
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- 2020
24. Modélisation du fonctionnement des agroécosystèmes : l'épopée Stics
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Launay, Marie, Ripoche, Dominique, Buis, Samuel, Eric Justes, Ruget, Françoise, Jego, Maël, Garcia Cortazar-Atauri, Inaki, Léonard, Joël, Raynal, Hélène, Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie, Seguin, Bernard, Lescourret, Françoise, Aubertot, Jean-Noël, Habets, Florence, Jayet, Pierre-Alain, Gate, Philippe, Mary, Bruno, Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Cirad Direction Générale (Cirad-DG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], New York University Langone Medical Center (NYU Langone Medical Center), NYU System (NYU), Richard Guy (ed.), Stengel Pierre (ed.), Lemaire Gilles (ed.), Cellier Pierre (ed.), and Valceschini Egizio (ed.)
- Subjects
Recherche agronomique ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,agroécologie ,agroecosystemes ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,Impact sur l'environnement ,gestion des ressources naturelles ,A50 - Recherche agronomique ,Agroécosystème ,Stics ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières - Abstract
International audience; Cette epopee doit beaucoup a la regrettee Nadine Brisson, premiere capitaine de« l' embarcation Sties ». Nous lui dedions avec emotion ce chapitre, dont les axes reprennent ceux de l'hommage qui lui a ete rendu le 16 octobre 2012 conjointement par le departement Environnement et Agronomie (EA) de l'Inra et !'Association frans;aise d' agronomie 123. Le modele Sties (Simulateur multidisciplinaire pour les cultures standard) a plusde vingt ans. Il fait maintenant partie des cinq modeles de culture les plus cites au monde. Cette success story s' est fondee sur un projet collectif dont le creuset a ete le departement EA naissant. Ce texte tente une analyse reflexive des interactions entre un groupe elargi de chercheurs modelisateurs et la necessite de mobiliser des moyens sur une tres longue duree, marquee par le renouvellement des questions posees face a l'evolution rapide des usages et des contextes d' application.
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- 2019
25. Characterisation of a high pH cement backfill for the geological disposal of nuclear waste : the Nirex Reference Vault Backfill
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Vasconcelos, Rita G. W., Beaudoin, Nicolas, Hamilton, Andrea, Hyatt, Neil C., Provis, John L., and Corkhill, Claire L.
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QE - Abstract
In a conceptual UK geological disposal facility for nuclear waste within a high-strength, crystalline geology, a cement-based backfill material, known as Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB), will be used to provide a chemical barrier to radionuclide release. The NRVB is required to have specific properties to fulfil the operational requirements of the geological disposal facility (GDF); these are dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the cement constituent materials and also on the water content. With the passage of time, the raw materials eventually used to synthesise the backfill may not be the same as those used to formulate it. As such, there is a requirement to understand how NRVB performance may be affected by a change in raw material supply. In this paper, we present a review of the current knowledge of NRVB and results from a detailed characterisation of this material, comparing the differences in performance of the final product when different raw materials are used. Results showed that minor differences in the particle size, surface area and chemical composition of the raw material had an effect on the workability, compressive strength, the rate of hydration and the porosity, which may influence some of the design functions of NRVB. This study outlines the requirement to fully characterise cement backfill raw materials prior to use in a geological disposal facility and supports ongoing assessment of long-term post-closure safety.
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- 2018
26. U-Pb dating of calcite veins reveals complex stress evolution and thrust sequence in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA: REPLY
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, primary, Lacombe, Olivier, additional, Roberts, Nick M.W., additional, and Koehn, Daniel, additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. U-Pb dating of calcite veins reveals complex stress evolution and thrust sequence in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA: REPLY
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Lacombe, Olivier, Roberts, Nick M.W., Koehn, Daniel, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Lacombe, Olivier, Roberts, Nick M.W., and Koehn, Daniel
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- 2019
28. Can alternative cropping systems mitigate nitrogen losses and improve ghg balance? Results from a 19-yr experiment in northern France
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Autret, Bénédicte, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Rakotovololona, Lucia, Bertrand, Michel, Grandeau, Gilles, Gréhan, Eric, Ferchaud, Fabien, Mary, Bruno, Autret, Bénédicte, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Rakotovololona, Lucia, Bertrand, Michel, Grandeau, Gilles, Gréhan, Eric, Ferchaud, Fabien, and Mary, Bruno
- Abstract
Alternative cropping systems are promoted to reduce nitrogen (N) losses in the environment and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, these supposed benefits are not fully known, rarely studied together and on the long-term. Here, we studied the N inputs, N exports, soil organic N (SON) storage, N leaching, gaseous N emissions and GHG balance in a 19-yr field experiment comparing four arable cropping systems without manure fertilization, under conventional (CON), low-input (LI), conservation agriculture (CA) and organic (ORG) managements. The N surplus, i.e. the difference between total N inputs and exports, was lowest in LI (43 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)), intermediary for CON and ORG with 63 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) and highest in CA (163 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). CA and ORG received high amounts of N derived from biological fixation from alfalfa. The annual SON storage rates markedly differed between CA (55 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) and both CON and LI (13 and 6 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)), with intermediary value in ORG (30 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). N leaching, calculated using soil mineral N measurements, reached an average of 21 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) and did not significantly differ between treatments, The gaseous N emissions (volatilization + denitrification), calculated as the difference between N surplus, SON storage and N leaching, ranged from 12 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in ORG to 83 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in CA. N2O emissions were continuously monitored with automatic chambers during 40 months. They varied from 1.20 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in LI to 4.09 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in CA system and were highly correlated with calculated gaseous N emissions. The GHG balance, calculated using SOC and N2O measurements, varied widely between systems: it was highest in CON and LI, with 2198 and 1763 kg CO2eq ha(-1) yr(-1) respectively. In CA, the GHG balance was much more favourable (306 kg CO2eq ha(-1) yr(-1)), despite important N2O losses which partly offset the benefit of SOC storage. ORG was the system with the smallest GHG balance
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- 2019
29. Driving factors of nitrate leaching in arable organic cropping systems in Northern France
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Rakotovololona, Lucia, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Ronceux, Aïcha, Venet, Eric, Mary, Bruno, Rakotovololona, Lucia, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Ronceux, Aïcha, Venet, Eric, and Mary, Bruno
- Abstract
Stockless organic cropping systems are increasing in regions of intensive arable farming. A key component of their environmental performance is nitrogen leaching. Here, we aim to quantify nitrate leaching in organic systems and to understand its driving factors, related to crop rotation and management, in an on-farm context. Aided by an organic farmers-network, we monitored 35 organic fields representing 11 cropping systems (CS) during three years, to acquire data on crop production, N uptake, soil water and mineral nitrogen contents. Combined with the LIXIM model, these data allowed us to calculate water drainage and nitrate leaching below the rooting depth. Calculated nitrate-N leaching ranged from 3 to 46 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), with a mean of 15 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), similar to conventional CS in the same region. N-leaching varied highly between fields and was related to the preceding crop and to the autumn land use, but not to N surplus. Splitting up crop rotations into 9 types of crop sequence proved useful to characterize the variability of nitrate leaching at the field scale. The highest leaching (33-37 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) was found in the sequence 'grain legume-winter crop' and 'alfalfa destruction-winter crop' and the lowest losses (2-8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) occurred under living alfalfa or clover cover crop. Thus, this study revealed the equivocal role of legumes as preceding crop, with results strongly depending on their date of destruction. Further, an ad hoc meta-model was calibrated to upscale the prediction of N-leaching to the CS-level, represented by three fields during three years. This model uses easily available inputs: mean amount and distribution of soil mineral nitrogen in the soil profile at mid-November (at the crop sequence level), and soil water turnover rate during autumn and winter (at the soil-year level). The upscaled meta-model predicted the N leaching of CS with a Root Mean Square Error of 4 kg N ha(-1) and a model efficiency of 0.85 (Nash
- Published
- 2019
30. La diversité variétale à l’échelle d’un territoire est-elle un levier pour améliorer les performances agronomiques de la luzerne ? Analyse d’une étude de simulation avec le modèle STICS
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Strullu, Loic, Cognard, Valentin, Coulmier, Didier, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Ferchaud, Fabien, Julier, Bernadette, Louarn, Gaëtan, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Désialis, Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Variluz (Casdar), and Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact)
- Subjects
land ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,territoire ,diversité variétale ,performance agronomique ,amélioration de la performance ,simulation ,luzerne ,alfalfa ,Sciences agricoles ,modèle stics ,Agricultural sciences - Abstract
La diversité variétale à l’échelle d’un territoire est-elle un levier pour améliorer les performances agronomiques de la luzerne ? Analyse d’une étude de simulation avec le modèle STICS. 2. Rencontres Francophones sur les Légumineuses (RFL2)
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- 2018
31. Chemical and textural equilibration of garnet during amphibolite-facies metamorphism: The influence of coupled dissolution-reprecipitation
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Dempster, Tim J., La Piazza, Julie, Taylor, Andrew G., Beaudoin, Nicolas, and Chung, Peter
- Abstract
Metamorphic equilibration requires chemical communication between minerals and may be inhibited through sluggish volume diffusion and or slow rates of dissolution in a fluid phase. Relatively slow diffusion and the perceived robust nature of chemical growth zoning may preclude garnet porphyroblasts from readily participating in low temperature amphibolite-facies metamorphic reactions. Garnet is widely assumed to be a reactant in staurolite-isograd reactions, and the evidence for this has been assessed in the Late Proterozoic Dalradian pelitic schists of the Scottish Highlands. Three-D imaging of garnet porphyroblasts in staurolite-bearing schists reveal a good crystal shape and little evidence of marginal dissolution, however there is also lack of evidence for the involvement of either chlorite or chloritoid in the reaction. Staurolite forms directly adjacent to the garnet, and its nucleation is strongly associated with deformation of the muscovite-rich fabrics around the porphyroblasts. “Cloudy” fluid inclusion-rich garnet forms in both marginal and internal parts of the garnet porphyroblast and is linked both to the production of staurolite and to the introduction of abundant quartz inclusions within the garnet. Such cloudy garnet typically has a Mg-rich, Mn-poor composition and is interpreted to have formed during a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process, triggered by a local influx of fluid. All garnet in the muscovite-bearing schists present in this area is potentially reactive, irrespective of the garnet composition, but very few of the schists contain staurolite. The staurolite-producing reaction appears to be substantially overstepped during the relatively high pressure Barrovian regional metamorphism reflecting the limited permeability of the schists in peak metamorphic conditions. Fluid influx and hence reaction progress appear to be strongly controlled by subtle differences in deformation history. The remaining garnet fails to achieve chemical equilibrium during the reaction creating distinctive patchy compositional zoning. Such zoning in metamorphic garnet created during coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions may be difficult to recognize in higher grade pelites due to subsequent diffusive re-equilibration. Fundamental assumptions about metamorphic processes are questioned by the lack of chemical equilibrium during this reaction and the restricted permeability of the regional metamorphic pelitic schists. In addition the partial loss of prograde chemical and textural information from the garnet porphyroblasts cautions against their routine use as a reliable monitor of metamorphic history. However the partial re-equilibration of the porphyroblasts during coupled dissolution-reprecipitation opens possibilities of mapping reaction progress in garnet as a means of assessing fluid access during peak metamorphic conditions.
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- 2017
32. Épandage d’effluents agro-industriels et risque de lixiviation
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Robert, Philippe, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Ouvrard, Stéphanie, Association pour le Suivi Agronomique des Epandages (ASAE), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact)
- Subjects
azote ,agricultural soil ,champagne ardenne ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Effluents agro-industriels ,carbone ,micro polluants ,lixiviation ,économie circulaire ,épandage ,effluent agroindustriel ,lysimétrie ,micropolluant métallique ,épandage des déchets ,transfert de polluant ,France ,lysimetry ,sol agricole ,micropolluant organique ,lixiviat - Abstract
L’épuration des effluents d’industries agroalimentaires (IAA), en Champagne – Ardenne notamment, est assurée majoritairement à travers l’épandage des effluents bruts sur les sols agricoles. Néanmoins, il est nécessaire de s’assurer de la compatibilité environnementale de cette technique avec la préservation de la qualité des eaux souterraines. Il est important de noter dans ce contexte que les effluents ne sont pas rejetés directement dans l’aquifère mais sur le sol, avec certaines précautions. Ce dernier exerce un pouvoir épurateur, grâce à la fois à son complexe argilo-humique et à son activité microbienne. Ce pouvoir est variable suivant l’élément : très proche de 100 % pour les bactéries, matières en suspension (MES), ions chargés positivement ; variable pour les petites molécules et/ou ions chargés négativement. Les objectifs de cette étude expérimentale sont de caractériser la dynamique de micropolluants métalliques et organiques susceptibles d’être présents dans les effluents agro-industriels et d’appréhender les risques pour les eaux souterraines au droit des parcelles agricoles épandues. La stratégie est de mesurer des flux d’eau et des teneurs in situ à la base d’un sol agricole représentatif, sur des micro-parcelles sujettes à un épandage et sur un traitement témoin sans épandage. L’étude cible en priorité les micropolluants tout en vérifiant les paramètres agro-environnementaux habituels. Ce travail a été réalisé sur le site expérimental INRA de FAGNIERES (51) sur lequel sont installées depuis 1970 des cases lysimétriques. A proximité a été implanté un dispositif à plaques lysimètriques sur lequel ont été suivies des apports d’effluents de différentes filières agro-industrielles. Le dispositif est installé sur une rendzine développée dans un paléosol crayeux à poches de cryoturbation, et appartient à la classe la plus répandue en Champagne crayeuse. Les sols de craie sont plus sensibles à la lixiviation à cause d’une moindre capacité totale de stockage en eau que les sols limoneux épais (Beaudoin et al., 2005) et d’un moins bon synchronisme entre les besoins des plantes et la minéralisation d’azote par le sol. Les résultats de cette expérimentation ont donc tendance à maximiser les risques liés à l’épandage d’effluents liquides. La mise en place de 4 plaques lysimétriques par traitement conduit à obtenir des volumes drainés moyens cohérents avec ceux mesurés sous le lysimètre historique de référence. Les volumes drainés sous les deux parcelles témoin sont plus importants que sous les traitements avec épandage d’effluent ; cela est probablement dû à des positionnements des plaques des témoins sous des cheminées de craie. Dans l’objectif d’atteindre un transfert de solutés représentatif de la normale, le constat d’un déficit pluviométrique en deuxième et troisième année d’expérimentation a conduit à procéder à une irrigation de 100 mm en mars 2015 et 200 mm en mars-avril 2016, à partir du réseau d’eau potable. Les lames d’eau drainées en 3 ans atteignent ou dépassent 500 mm d’eau, ce qui permet d’estimer que la majeure partie des solutés épandus, non adsorbables ou non biotransformés, a migré au-delà de la profondeur de prélèvement des solutés. Cette analyse est faite à la fois d’après les références de vitesse de migration du front des solutés et par l’observation de la dynamique d’épuisement du stock de chlorure, apporté par l’effluent ou l’irrigation. Les suivis de la qualité des lixiviats pour les paramètres agro-environnementaux classiques (DCO, COT, nitrate) montrent que les transferts des solutés non adsorbables ou non biotransformés depuis la surface a eu lieu. La comparaison des concentrations des lixiviats sous les micro-parcelles avec apport d’effluent et du témoin confirme que le pouvoir épurateur du sol est très élevé. Un calcul rigoureux du pouvoir épurateur n’est pas possible, parce que les lysimètres ne sont pas fermés et parce que l’intégration temporelle des concentrations en fonction des volumes drainés est impossible, du fait de l’existence de nombreuses valeurs inférieures aux seuils de quantification. Les mesures des micro-polluants ont été effectuées sur l’ensemble des volumes collectés. Les évolutions temporelles de concentration des substances montrent pendant ces trois campagnes de mesures: 1/ de très faibles variations des composés halogénés (AOX), avec des valeurs très proches des limites de quantification, qui sont non corrélées aux quantités apportées par les effluents; 2/ l’absence des substances dangereuses recherchées dans les lixiviats ; 3/ l’absence d’impact de l’épandage des effluents sur le paramètre Matières Inhibitrices mesuré sur les lixiviats. L’étude a permis de montrer, dans les eaux de drainage, l’absence des substances dangereuses et des autres paramètres listés dans le cadre des redevances des Agences de l’Eau et plus largement. Cette étude ne permet pas de statuer ni sur le niveau d’atténuation naturelle ni sur les risques de transferts de pollution vers la chaine alimentaire, ou vers le sol, par accumulation, ou vers l’air, par volatilisation. Cela nécessiterait des études à long terme et à large échelle, s’appuyant d’abord sur la bibliographie et les travaux du PIREN-Seine.
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- 2017
33. U-Pb dating of calcite veins reveals complex stress evolution and thrust sequence in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, primary, Lacombe, Olivier, additional, Roberts, Nick M.W., additional, and Koehn, Daniel, additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. U-Pb dating of calcite veins reveals complex stress evolution and thrust sequence in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Lacombe, Olivier, Roberts, Nick M.W., Koehn, Daniel, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Lacombe, Olivier, Roberts, Nick M.W., and Koehn, Daniel
- Abstract
We report U-Pb absolute ages of calcite cements from a diffuse vein network documented in the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA), where distinct systematic vein sets developed at the front of the thin-skinned Sevier orogen, during Laramide layer-parallel shortening, and during thick-skinned Laramide thrusting and folding. The U-Pb age distribution illustrates: (1) an outward (eastward) transmission of Sevier orogenic stress (from 89.7 ± 2.9 Ma [2σ] in the west, and from 75.3 ± 2.8 Ma in the east); and (2) an inward (westward) development of Laramide-related fracturing and folding (72 ± 3.0 Ma and 45.4 ± 1.8 Ma, respectively, in the east; 60.5 ± 4.6 Ma and 27.9 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively, in the west), which is in accordance with the known sequence of exhumation of the major Laramide basement arches. Our results also show that the stress related to Laramide compression first overprinted the stress related to Sevier compression in the sedimentary cover around major basement uplifts. This study highlights the utility of U-Pb calcite geochronology as a powerful tool for constraining complex sequences of deformation in orogenic forelands.
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- 2018
35. Multi-model uncertainty analysis in predicting grain N for crop rotations in Europe
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Yin, Xiaogang, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Kollas, Chris, Baby, Sanmohan, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Manevski, Kiril, Palosuo, Taru, Nendel, Claas, Wu, Lianhai, Hoffmann, Munir, Hoffmann, Holger, Sharif, Behzad, Armas-Herrera, Cecilia M., Bindi, Marco, Charfeddine, Monia, Conradt, Tobias, Constantin, Julie, Ewert, Frank, Ferrise, Roberto, Gaiser, Thomas, de Cortazar-Atauri, Iñaki Garcia, Giglio, Luisa, Hlavinka, Petr, Lana, Marcos, Launay, Marie, Louarn, Gaëtan, Manderscheid, Remy, Mary, Bruno, Mirschel, Wilfried, Moriondo, Marco, Öztürk, Isik, Pacholski, Andreas, Ripoche-Wachter, Dominique, Rötter, Reimund P., Ruget, Françoise, Trnka, Mirek, Ventrella, Domenico, Weigel, Hans Joachim, Olesen, Jørgen E., Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rothamsted Research, Crop Production Systems in the Tropics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence (UNIFI), Unità di ricerca per i sistemi colturali degli ambienti caldo-aridi, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Mendel University in Brno, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), EurochemAgro, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), FACCE MACSUR 2812ERA147/CARBIOCIAL 01LL0902M/ KULUNDA 01LL0905L /NORFASYS 268277 292944/MACSUR D.M. 24064/7303/15/ QJ1310123, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Natural resources institute Finland, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), and Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU)
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Irrigation ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Model calibration ,Soil Science ,Single Year simulation ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Model ensemble ,Crop ,continuous simulation ,model ensemble ,Grain N ,Uncertainty analysis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics ,2. Zero hunger ,model calibration ,grain n ,Crop yield ,Simulation modeling ,Continuous simulation ,Model inter-comparison ,Single year simulation ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Crop rotation ,model inter-comparison ,single year simulation ,Tillage ,Mean absolute percentage error ,Agronomy ,Continous simulation ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Model intercomparison - Abstract
Realistic estimation of grain nitrogen (N; N in grain yield) is crucial for assessing N management in crop rotations, but there is little information on the performance of commonly used crop models for simulating grain N. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to (1) test if continuous simulation (multi-year) performs better than single year simulation, (2) assess if calibration improves model performance at different calibration levels, and (3) investigate if a multi-model ensemble can substantially reduce uncertainty in reproducing grain N. For this purpose, 12 models were applied simulating different treatments (catch crops, CO2 concentrations, irrigation, N application, residues and tillage) in four multi-year rotation experiments in Europe to assess modelling accuracy. Seven grain and seed crops in four rotation systems in Europe were included in the study, namely winter wheat, winter barley, spring barley, spring oat, winter rye, pea and winter oilseed rape. Our results indicate that the higher level of calibration significantly increased the quality of the simulation for grain N. In addition, models performed better in predicting grain N of winter wheat, winter barley and spring barley compared to spring oat, winter rye, pea and winter oilseed rape. For each crop, the use of the ensemble mean significantly reduced the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between simulations and observations to less than 15%, thus a multi–model ensemble can more precisely predict grain N than a random single model. Models correctly simulated the effects of enhanced N input on grain N of winter wheat and winter barley, whereas effects of tillage and irrigation were less well estimated. However, the use of continuous simulation did not improve the simulations as compared to single year simulation based on the multi-year performance, which suggests needs for further model improvements of crop rotation effects.
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- 2017
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36. Modelling production and environmental ilmpacts of perennial cropping systems with the STICS model
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Strullu, Loic, Ferchaud, Fabien, Mary, Bruno, Louarn, Gaëtan, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), and Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UR Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (0004).
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,azote organique du sol ,culture pérenne ,modèle stics ,Agricultural sciences ,production de biomasse ,soil organic carbon ,cultures pérennes ,carbone organique du sol ,impact environnemental ,soil organic nitrogen ,perennial crops ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Sciences agricoles - Abstract
National audience
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- 2017
37. Concilier la réduction de la lixiviation nitrique, la restitution d’azote à la culture suivante et la gestion de l’eau avec les cultures intermédiaires
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Meyer, Nicolas, Crignon, Romain, Tribouillois, Hélène, Mary, Bruno, Justes, Eric, and Constantin, Julie
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Stock d’eau du sol ,Nitrate ,Engrais vert ,Drainage ,Green manure ,Soil water content - Abstract
Les cultures intermédiaires multi-services (CIMS), semées en été-début d’automne, piègent l’azote minéral du sol avant la période de drainage. Elles sont d’ailleurs une des mesures du programme d’action de la Directive Nitrate pour lutter contre la pollution des aquifères par le nitrate d’origine agricole. Pour limiter ces pertes, les cultures intermédiaires s’avèrent très efficaces avec des réductions jusqu’à 90% par rapport à un sol nu en interculture. Cette efficacité est accrue si la CIMS est une nonlégumineuse (bien que les légumineuses demeurent efficaces) et la durée de développement est longue. Cependant, une biomasse importante réduit d’autant plus le drainage, par augmentation de l’évapotranspiration, pouvant poser problème pour la ressource en eau. Mais les CIMS ne diminuent généralement pas la quantité d’eau disponible au semis de la culture suivante sauf en cas de destruction très tardive de la CIMS. A leur destruction, les CIMS reminéralisent l’azote piégé d’autant plus vite que leur C/N est bas et jusqu’à 50% de l’azote acquis est rendu disponible dans les 6 mois, pour la culture suivante. Selon l’intensité de la lixiviation et la quantité d’azote absorbé par le couvert des effets de préemption d’azote peuvent être observés, particulièrement en climats secs, nécessitant de compenser avec la fertilisation minérale. A long terme, un effet positif sur la culture suivante est observé, dû à une plus forte teneur en matière organique du sol et une minéralisation accrue. Afin de combiner au mieux ces différents services, une adaptation locale de la gestion de ces CIMS est nécessaire selon les conditions pédoclimatiques et les objectifs recherchés au cours de l’interculture., Sown in the summer/early autumn, multi-services cover crops trap mineral nitrogen from the soil before the drainage period. For this reason, they are one of the tools in the Nitrate Directive to limit nitrate pollution of aquifers coming from agriculture. Cover crops are very effective to limit these losses, up to 90% of reduction as compared to bare soil during the fallow period. This efficacy is increased when cover crop is non-legume (although legumes remain effective) and growing period is long. However, high biomass reduces drainage by increasing evapotranspiration, which can be a problem for water resource. Nevertheless, cover crops generally do not reduce available water for the subsequent cash crop, except if destruction is too late. At destruction, cover crops release mineral nitrogen, more quickly as their C/N is low and up to 50% of the nitrogen uptake within the following 6 months. Depending on the intensity of leaching and the amount of nitrogen absorbed by the cover crop, nitrogen pre-emptive effects can be observed, particularly in dry climate, requiring compensation with mineral fertilization. In the long term, a positive effect on the subsequent crop is observed, due to a higher organic matter content of the soil and increased mineralization. To better combine the different services offered by cover crops, local adaptation is needed, according to the pedoclimatic conditions and specific objectives during fallow period.
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- 2017
38. Modeling with stics the effects of no-tillage vs. tillage in cropping systems under contrasting pedoclimatic conditions
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Armas-Herrera, C., Beaudoin, Nicolas, Restovitch, S., Andriulo, A., Affholder, F., Maltas, A., Olesen, J., Sharif, B., Laurent, F., Cohan, J.P., Mary, Bruno, EPSH, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Grandes cultures et systèmes pastoraux, Agroscope, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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F07 - Façons culturales ,Cropping systems ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Modèle STICS ,no-tillage ,pedoclimatic conditions - Abstract
CT 3 ; EnjS 4 ; Département E.A. ; Modèle STICS; Modeling with STICS the effects of no-tillage vs tillage in cropping systems under constrasting pedoclimatic conditions. iCROPM 2016 International Crop Modelling Symposium
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- 2016
39. Fingerprinting stress: Stylolite and calcite twinning paleopiezometry revealing the complexity of progressive stress patterns during folding - The case of the Monte Nero anticline in the Apennines, Italy
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Koehn, Daniel, Lacombe, Olivier, Lecouty, Alexandre, Billi, Andrea, Aharonov, Einat, Parlangeau, Camille, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Earth Science, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ)-The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), European Project: 316889,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,FLOWTRANS(2013), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)
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[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics ,QE ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences - Abstract
International audience; In this study we show for the first time how quantitative stress estimates can be derived by combining calcite twinning and stylolite roughness stress fingerprinting techniques in a fold-and-thrust belt. First, we present a new method that gives access to stress inversion using tectonic stylolites without access to the stylolite surface and compare results with calcite twin inversion. Second, we use our new approach to present a high-resolution deformation and stress history that affected Meso-Cenozoic limestone strata in the Monte Nero Anticline during its late Miocene-Pliocene growth in the Umbria-Marche Arcuate Ridge (northern Apennines, Italy). In this area an extensive stylolite-joint/vein network developed during layer-parallel shortening (LPS), as well as during and after folding. Stress fingerprinting illustrates how stress in the sedimentary strata did build up prior to folding during LPS. The stress regime oscillated between strike slip and compressional during LPS before ultimately becoming strike slip again during late stage fold tightening. Our case study shows that high-resolution stress fingerprinting is possible and that this novel method can be used to unravel temporal relationships that relate to local variations of regional orogenic stresses. Beyond regional implications, this study validates our approach as a new powerful toolbox to high-resolution stress fingerprinting in basins and orogens combining joint and vein analysis with sedimentary and tectonic stylolite and calcite twin inversion techniques.
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- 2016
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40. Early vasopressor use following traumatic injury: a systematic review
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Hylands, Mathieu, primary, Toma, Augustin, additional, Beaudoin, Nicolas, additional, Frenette, Anne Julie, additional, D’Aragon, Frédérick, additional, Belley-Côté, Émilie, additional, Charbonney, Emmanuel, additional, Møller, Morten Hylander, additional, Laake, Jon Henrik, additional, Vandvik, Per Olav, additional, Siemieniuk, Reed Alexander, additional, Rochwerg, Bram, additional, Lauzier, François, additional, Green, Robert S, additional, Ball, Ian, additional, Scales, Damon, additional, Murthy, Srinivas, additional, Kwong, Joey S W, additional, Guyatt, Gordon, additional, Rizoli, Sandro, additional, Asfar, Pierre, additional, and Lamontagne, François, additional
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- 2017
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41. Zebra rocks: compaction waves create ore deposits
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Kelka, Ulrich, primary, Veveakis, Manolis, additional, Koehn, Daniel, additional, and Beaudoin, Nicolas, additional
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- 2017
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42. Vasopressor use following traumatic injury: protocol for a systematic review
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Hylands, Mathieu, primary, Toma, Augustin, additional, Beaudoin, Nicolas, additional, Frenette, Anne-Julie, additional, D'Aragon, Frederick, additional, Belley-Côté, Emilie, additional, Hylander, Morten, additional, Lauzier, François, additional, Siemieniuk, Reed Alexander, additional, Charbonney, Emmanuel, additional, Kwong, Joey, additional, Laake, Jon Henrik, additional, Guyatt, Gordon, additional, Vandvik, Per Olav, additional, Rochwerg, Bram, additional, Green, Robert, additional, Ball, Ian, additional, Scales, Damon, additional, Murthy, Srinivas, additional, Rizoli, Sandro, additional, Asfar, Pierre, additional, and Lamontagne, François, additional
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- 2017
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43. Multiple ecosystem services analysis in apple orchard
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Demestihas, Constance, Plénet, Daniel, Génard, Michel, Grasselly, Dominique, Ricard, Jean-Michel, Lescourret, Francoise, Simon, Sylvaine, Charreyron, Marie, Garcia De Cortazar Atauri, Inaki, Launay, Marie, Beaudoin, Nicolas, ROBIN, Marie-Hélène, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL), Unité Expérimentale Recherches Intégrées - Gotheron (UERI), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,verger de pommes ,agroécosystème ,Sciences agricoles ,conduite du verger ,production fruitière ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Agricultural sciences - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2015
44. Modélisation des transferts de contaminants nitriques vers les aquifères du bassin Seine-Normandie : Agricultures, Modèles, Flux
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Gallois, Nicolas, Puech, Thomas, Viennot, Pascal, Schott, Céline, Mignolet, Catherine, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Mary, Bruno, Le Bas, Christine, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), InfoSol (InfoSol), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Unité de recherche SAD ASTER - Station de Mirecourt (INRA SAD), UR 1158 Agroressources et impacts environnementaux, Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), ARMINES, Programme PIREN-Seine et AESN, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC). FRA.
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Hydrogéologie ,Nitrates ,Agronomie ,hydrosystème ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,modèle STICS ,modèle MODCOU ,pratique agricole ,spatialisation ,bassin ,pollution diffuse ,aire d'alimentation de captage ,phytosanitaire ,formation aquifère ,Seine-Normandie ,STICS ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Spatialisation ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Modcou ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Scénario prospectifs ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology - Abstract
National audience; Dans la continuité des travaux initiés par Eric Gomez dans le cadre de sa thèse de doctorat (2002), le centre de Géosciences de MINES ParisTech a maintenu le développement de la chaîne de modélisation "STICS-MODCOU'. A partir de pratiques agricoles spatialisées sur un bassin, cette chaîne permet de générer des flux de pollution diffuse (nitrates), flux ensuite introduits dans les différents compartiments de l'hydrosystème (formations non saturées, aquifères, cours d'eau). L'actualisation de ces modélisations couplées a été réalisée à partir de 2011 pour aider à la réalisation de l'état des lieux, première échéance de la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau. Ces travaux ont nécessité la création de cinq nouveaux sous-modèles hydrogéologiques du bassin Seine-Normandie et leur couplage avec le modèle agronomique STICS. Les principaux résultats obtenus ont permis : d'évaluer l'état actuel de la contamination nitrique des masses d'eau en complément des suivis ponctuels du Réseau de Contrôle de Surveillance (RCS) et de Contrôle Opérationnel (RCO), de valider la représentativité du RCS et RCO en comparant, pour chaque masse d'eau, les indications de contamination données par les stations surveillées et les résultats de la simulation, de confirmer les objectifs de bon état aux échéances 2015/2021/2027 ou de la nécessaire évolution à apporter à ces mêmes objectifs. Un des points forts de la modélisation est en effet de pouvoir prolonger les simulations dans le futur à court et moyen terme, à pressions constantes ou avec un scénario prédéfini afin d'estimer l'évolution de la pollution nitrique des différentes masses d'eau et de valider la pertinence des objectifs fixés. A partir de 2013, afin de pouvoir s'appuyer sur ces modèles dans le cadre de la préparation du SDAGE et de l'élaboration du programme de mesures 2016/2021 de l'Agence de l'Eau Seine-Normandie, il a été proposé d'intégrer dans la chaîne de modélisation les toutes dernière avancées scientifiques réalisées principalement au niveau du modèle agronomique STICS (nouvelle version logicielle et intégration du module de transfert des phytosanitaires développés dans le cadre du PIREN-Seine) et des bases de données associées (pratiques agricoles et sols). C'est le sujet de la communication présentée lors de ce colloque. L'objectif poursuivi est, à la fois, de reconstituer de façon spatio-temporelle l'évolution des concentrations en nitrates mesurées aux ouvrages dans l'ensemble des formations aquifères modélisées et de prévoir, via la simulation de scénarios tendanciels, les grandes évolutions des concentrations attendues à moyen terme, à partir des niveaux actuels reconstitués et de la reproduction de leurs dynamiques de mise en place. Cette actualisation de la plate-forme de modélisation s'est décomposée en plusieurs étapes principales, dont : (i) L'implémentation au modèle agronomique (version 8.3-octobre 2014) d'une structure informatique permettant de le déployer à l'échelle du bassin (spatialisation) et de prendre en compte la variabilité spatio-temporelle des forçages météorologiques, des systèmes de cultures et des différentes catégories et types de sol. Cette nouvelle procédure, entièrement externalisée au code source du modèle permettra, à l'avenir, de suivre les évolutions de STICS au fur et à mesure de leurs publications, (ii) l'utilisation des travaux de description spatialisée des systèmes de culture sur le bassin (BDD ARSeiNe, INRA-SAD Aster), également mis à jour sur la période 2006-2011. L'avancée en parallèle de cette étude avec ceux de la modélisation a permis d'optimiser le mode d'utilisation des informations mobilisables pour le modèle agronomique, (iii) la réacutalisation, entre autres des classes de pédotransfert (INRA-Infosol) utilisées pour l'estimation des stocks d'azote organique via les données de mesures du RMQS (Réseau de Mesure de la Qualité des Sols), auxquels la lixiviation de l'azote s'avère particulièrement sensible, (iv) l'élaboration, en étroite collaboration avec l'INRA-AgroImpact, d'un protocole d'expertise détaillé des sorties de STICS afin d'en évaluer la fiabilité macro-régionale. Cette procédure a principalement visé, selon une méthode itérative, à décrire la variabilité spatio-temporelle d'indicateurs agronomiques, à étudier la cohérence entre entrées et sorties du modèle ainsi qu'à vérifier l'existence de relations robustes entre variables. L'obtention de ces résultats a entrainé une nouvelle phase de calage hydrodynamique de l'ensemble des modèles couvrant le bassin Seine-Normandie (au nombre de 7) via des chroniques de mesures recensées sur près de 1000 ouvrages. Les résultats obtenus permettront de mettre à jour les fiches synthétiques compilées à la masse d'eau (cycle DCE 2016-2021). Les simulations tendancielles sont effectuées en utilisant les données météorologiques du modèle de circulation générale Aladin-Climat (CNRM). Elles sont associées à un ensemble de nouveaux profils représentatifs d'évolution de concentration de gaz à effets de serre définis dans le cadre du 5ème rapport du GIEC. Les données associées au profil intermédiaire défini ([CO2]éq-co2 vers 2100 de 800 ppm, scénario RCP 4.5) ont été retenues pour les simulations réalisées dans le cadre de ces travaux. Outre la simulation de scénarios déjà mis en oeuvre sur la période 2014-2030 lors des précédentes applications de la chaîne (maintien des pratiques actuelles, réduction globale de -20% des intrants azotés, scénario "témoin" à zéro intrants azotés), il a été proposé d'évaluer l'impact du programme de mesures proposé par l'AESN sur les modifications de pratiques localisées sur le bassin. Celui-ci comporte deux aspects régionalisés : (i) au niveau des zones vulnérables (définies par les décrets d'application de la directive Nitrates) visant notamment la couverture des sols avant les cultures de printemps (=mise en place de CIPAN), (ii) au sein des AAC prioritaires du bassin : réduction de 20 % de la fertilisation sur 20 % de la SAU et remise en herbe de 1% de la SAU. Tous ces travaux ont nécessité et nécessite encore une grande collaboration multidisciplinaire entre les modélisateurs des hydrosystèmes (MINES ParisTech / ARMINES) et les différentes spécialités des unités de recherches impliquées de l'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA SAD UR ASTER / Unité AgroImpact / Unité InfoSol).
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- 2015
45. Stics et exercices internationaux d'inter-comparaison de modeles de culture
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Bassu, Simona, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Brisson, Nadine, Bertuzzi, Patrick, Constantin, Julie, Cufi, Julien, Durand, Jean-Louis, Armas-Herrera, Cecilia, Raynal, Helene, Ripoche, Dominique, Ruget, Francoise, De Sanctis, Giacomo, Buis, Samuel, Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
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[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] - Abstract
Session 2; Stics et exercices internationaux d'inter-comparaison de modeles de culture. 10. Colloque Modèle de culture STICS
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- 2015
46. Utilisation de STICS pour l'analyse de services écosystémiques multiples en verger de pommiers
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Demestihas, Constance, Plénet, Daniel, Garcia De Cortazar Atauri, Inaki, Launay, Marie, Ripoche, Dominique, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Lescourret, Francoise, Génard, Michel, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), and Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact)
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,mesure expérimentale ,verger de pommes ,services écosystémiques ,modèle STICS ,Sciences agricoles ,production fruitière ,service écosystémique ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Agricultural sciences ,cycle biogéochimique - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2015
47. STICS: a generic and robust soil-crop model for modelling agrosystems response in various climatic conditions
- Author
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Beaudoin, Nicolas, Buis, Samuel, Ripoche, Dominique, Justes, Eric, Bertuzzi, Patrick, Casellas, Eric, Constantin, Julie, Dumont, Benjamin, Durand, Jean-Louis, Garcia De Cortazar Atauri, Inaki, Jégo, Guillaume, Launay, Marie, Le Bas, Christine, Lecharpentier, Patrice, Léonard, Joël, Mary, Bruno, Poupa, Jean-Claude, Ruget, Francoise, Louarn, Gaëtan, Coucheney, Elsa, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Université de Liège, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), InfoSol (InfoSol), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,changement climatique ,agrosystème ,modèle dynamique ,Sciences agricoles ,modélisation des systèmes complexes ,sol cultivé ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Agricultural sciences - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2015
48. Early vasopressor use following traumatic injury:a systematic review
- Author
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Hylands, Mathieu, Toma, Augustin, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Frenette, Anne Julie, D'Aragon, Frédérick, Belley-Côté, Émilie, Charbonney, Emmanuel, Møller, Morten Hylander, Laake, Jon Henrik, Vandvik, Per Olav, Siemieniuk, Reed Alexander, Rochwerg, Bram, Lauzier, François, Green, Robert S, Ball, Ian, Scales, Damon, Murthy, Srinivas, Kwong, Joey S W, Guyatt, Gordon, Rizoli, Sandro, Asfar, Pierre, Lamontagne, François, Hylands, Mathieu, Toma, Augustin, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Frenette, Anne Julie, D'Aragon, Frédérick, Belley-Côté, Émilie, Charbonney, Emmanuel, Møller, Morten Hylander, Laake, Jon Henrik, Vandvik, Per Olav, Siemieniuk, Reed Alexander, Rochwerg, Bram, Lauzier, François, Green, Robert S, Ball, Ian, Scales, Damon, Murthy, Srinivas, Kwong, Joey S W, Guyatt, Gordon, Rizoli, Sandro, Asfar, Pierre, and Lamontagne, François
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Current guidelines suggest limiting the use of vasopressors following traumatic injury; however, wide variations in practice exist. Although excessive vasoconstriction may be harmful, these agents may help reduce administration of potentially harmful resuscitation fluids. This systematic review aims to compare early vasopressor use to standard resuscitation in adults with trauma-induced shock.DESIGN: Systematic review.DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception until October 2016, as well as the proceedings of 10 relevant international conferences from 2005 to 2016.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised controlled trials and controlled observational studies that compared the early vasopressor use with standard resuscitation in adults with acute traumatic injury.RESULTS: Of 8001 citations, we retrieved 18 full-text articles and included 6 studies (1 randomised controlled trial and 5 observational studies), including 2 published exclusively in abstract form. Across observational studies, vasopressor use was associated with increased short-term mortality, with unadjusted risk ratios ranging from 2.31 to 7.39. However, the risk of bias was considered high in these observational studies because patients who received vasopressors were systematically sicker than patients treated without vasopressors. One clinical trial (n=78) was too imprecise to yield meaningful results. Two clinical trials are currently ongoing. No study measured long-term quality of life or cognitive function.CONCLUSIONS: Existing data on the effects of vasopressors following traumatic injury are of very low quality according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. With emerging evidence of harm associated with aggressive fluid resuscitation and, in selected subgroups of patients, with permissive hypotension, the a
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- 2017
49. A systematic review of vasopressor blood pressure targets in critically ill adults with hypotension
- Author
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Hylands, Mathieu, Moller, Morten Hylander, Asfar, Pierre, Toma, Augustin, Frenette, Anne Julie, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Belley-Côté, Émilie, D’Aragon, Frédérick, Laake, Jon Henrik, Siemieniuk, Reed Alexander, Charbonney, Emmanuel, Lauzier, François, Kwong, Joey, Rochwerg, Bram, Vandvik, Per Olav, Guyatt, Gordon, Lamontagne, François, Hylands, Mathieu, Moller, Morten Hylander, Asfar, Pierre, Toma, Augustin, Frenette, Anne Julie, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Belley-Côté, Émilie, D’Aragon, Frédérick, Laake, Jon Henrik, Siemieniuk, Reed Alexander, Charbonney, Emmanuel, Lauzier, François, Kwong, Joey, Rochwerg, Bram, Vandvik, Per Olav, Guyatt, Gordon, and Lamontagne, François
- Abstract
Purpose: Clinicians must balance the risks from hypotension with the potential adverse effects of vasopressors. Experts have recommended a mean arterial pressure (MAP) target of at least 65 mmHg, and higher in older patients and in patients with chronic hypertension or atherosclerosis. We conducted a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials comparing higher vs lower blood pressure targets for vasopressor therapy administered to hypotensive critically ill patients. Methods: We searched MEDLINE®, EMBASE™, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies of higher vs lower blood pressure targets for vasopressor therapy in critically ill hypotensive adult patients. Two reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility based on titles and abstracts, and they then selected full-text reports. Outcomes, subgroups, and analyses were prespecified. We used GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to rate the overall confidence in the estimates of intervention effects. Results: Of 8001 citations, we retrieved 57 full-text articles and ultimately included two randomized-controlled trials (894 patients). Higher blood pressure targets were not associated with lower mortality (relative risk [RR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 1.23; P = 0.54), and neither age (P = 0.17) nor chronic hypertension (P = 0.32) modified the overall effect. Nevertheless, higher blood pressure targets were associated with a greater risk of new-onset supraventricular cardiac arrhythmia (RR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.28 to 3.38; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Current evidence does not support a MAP target > 70 mmHg in hypotensive critically ill adult patients requiring vasopressor therapy.
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- 2017
50. Modélisation avec STICS des effets de non travail versus travail du sol en systèmes de culture sous des conditions pédoclimatiques contrastées
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Armas-Herrera, Cecilia M., Beaudoin, Nicolas, Restovich, Silvina B., Andriulo, Adrian E., Affholder, François, Maltas, Alexandra, Olesen, Jørgen E., Sharif, Behzad, Laurent, François, Cohan, Jean-Pierre, and Mary, Bruno
- Abstract
STICS a été largement utilisé dans de nombreux contextes agro-environnementaux, en particulier en France. Il a été testé en situation labourée et climat tempéré a contrario des systèmes de non-labour en zones tropicales. Quelques études ont évalué STICS dans des conditions tropicales, mais elles sont basées sur d'anciennes versions du modèle où les processus biologiques de dégradation du mulch de résidus de culture ne sont pas décrits. Nos hypothèses sont : i) les bilans d'eau, d'azote et de carbone à court, moyen ou long terme sont davantage sensibles aux modalités de décomposition du mulch qu'à la structure du sol, quand on compare les impacts du non travail du sol et du labour ; ii) le comportement et le devenir du mulch dépendent fortement des interactions advenant au sein du système techno-pédo- climatique. Notre stratégie a été de tester la capacité de STICS (v8.3.1) à simuler les systèmes de culture basés sur le non-labour et avec une couverture permanente d'un paillis de résidus de plantes sous les climats contrastés de plusieurs sites expérimentaux.
- Published
- 2015
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