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Aim: Sonoelastography is a non-invasive imaging method used to evaluate the mechanical properties of any tissue. The clinical value of method, the usage of which is increasingly prevailing, is gradually increasing and on account of having newly entered the application field, it is becoming a potential in the research area. Shear wave (SW) propagates faster in stiffer and lower elastic tissues. Studies on liver fibrosis musculoskeletal, breast, prostate, testis, and thyroid nodules accept this principle. In this study, aimed to determine the average values using the point shear wave elastography (pSWE) technique in normal healthy individuals and to determine the relationship of these values with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and the spleen dimensions.Method: In 2019, patients who had visited the internal medicine service and those who have been directed to this clinics for grayscale ultrasound (US) for various reasons are voluntarily included in the study. The research was carried out consecutively on the same day by two specialist doctors who had 10 and 15 years of experience in ultrasonography and 3-year experience in elastography.Results: 39 (39%) of the 100 patients who participated in the study were men, and 61 (61%) were women. And the ages varied between 32-75 years (y) (54,5±9,5). The average spleen stiffness was found to be 89,2±43,3 kilopascal (kPa) (14,2-152,3) by the first observer and 89,4±41,1 kPa (14,4-151,1) by the second observer.Conclusion: To facilitate the common clinical usage and to evaluate the change in the stiffness of the spleen in different patients, first of all, it is required to determine the normal values of the stiffness of the spleen in healthy individuals using sonoelastography. In this study, the average spleen parenchyma stiffness was detected as higher than in previous studies. The values obtained in this study can be used to function as a comparison to determine the spleen stiffness. They can be used as referential to examine the different spleen pathologies in the clinical environments that use Esaote myLab device and pSWE method.

Purpose: In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the possible effects of transitional vertebra anatomy on facet joint tropism and orientation by evaluating lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed at our institution. Material and methods: We included 84 patients with sacralization of the L5 vertebra and an equal number of patients with a radiology report within normal limits as the control group in our study. We compared facet tropism (FT) and orientation between both groups. Results: In both the sacralization group and the control group, the facet orientation angle showed a significant increasing trend from the L1-L2 level to the L5-S1 level (p < 0.001). The orientation angle of the L5-S1 level was higher in the sacralization group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In the evaluation of FJ orientation between the sacralization and control groups, we found that coronal orientation was significantly more frequent at the L5-S1 level in the sacralization group. When the 2 groups were compared with regard to tropism at each spinal level, the sacralization group had a significantly higher FT frequency at the L5-S1 level (p < 0.001). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the relationship between sacralization and facet joint tropism. However, there were no relationships between facet degeneration, disc degeneration/herniation, and sacralization. Our results indicate that, although patients with sacralization and controls had similar characteristics in most assessments, they demonstrated significant differences at the L5-S1 level in terms of orientation and tropism.

Meningioma is the most common extra parenchymal brain tumor in adults, originating from arachnoid cap cells in the brain, and is very rare in childhood. As pediatric meningiomas are rare, they have different and challenging epidemiological, radiological, and histopathological features than adults. We aimed to share a very rare case of meningioma in a 7-year-old girl presenting with sudden vision loss and seizures in the light of the literature., Menenjiyom, erişkinlerde beyindeki araknoid kapakhücrelerinden kaynaklanan en yaygın ekstra parankimal beyin tümörüdür veçocukluk çağında çok nadirdir. Pediatrik menenjiyomlar nadir olduğu içinyetişkinlere göre farklı epidemiyolojik, radyolojik ve histopatolojiközelliklere sahiptirler. Bu yazıda, ani görme kaybı ve nöbetler ile başvuran 7yaşında bir kız çocuğunda nadir görülen bir menenjiyom olgusunu literatür eşliğindesunulmuştur.

Heterotaxy syndrome (situs ambiguus) is a rare condition in which the internal organs are abnormally arranged in the chest and abdomen. It occurs from an early embryological developmental disturbance with most cases being sporadic. In this report, we present a case of a 43-year-old female with heterotaxy syndrome who had anomalous right renal artery of high origin and preduodenal portal vein, anomalous orientation of the third portion of the duodenum causing intermittent symptoms and abnormal localization of intestinal and colonic segments. To the best of our knowledge, this the first report of association of these anomalies with heterotaxy syndrome.

Aim:We aimed to reveal the facet joint orientation and tropism and their relationship with age in patients without degenerative spine disease in lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations.Methods:After obtaining approval from the ethics committee, patients who were referred to our clinic for a lumbar MRI between June 2018 and December 2018 for low back pain were reviewed retrospectively. When the line that is tangent to the posterior of the intervertebral disc was considered as reference, tropism was considered when the difference between the anteromedial and posterolateral line of superior articular facet on the right and left sides, and the angles between this reference lines were >10°.Results:The study included 113 patients aged 15-55 years (30.87±9.23) who underwent lumbar MRI for various reasons and with reports of normal lumbar MRI examination. Sixty-seven-point three percent (n=76) of the patients were female and 32.7% (n=37) were male.Conclusion:According to the results of our study, facet joint orientation has increased angular values in the craniocaudal direction regardless of age, and it shows more coronal orientation compared to other levels, especially at the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels. We may conclude that facet tropism is independent of age and is an acquired condition which degenerative processes may contribute to.

Background/Aim: Although normal Color Doppler US (CDU) findings of the carotid system were described by many studies, normal findings of the vertebral system have not been studied extensively. This study aimed to evaluate vertebral artery CDU hemodynamic and morphologic findings in patients with normal vertebral arteries (VAs) on 64-slice Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) and investigate the correlation between RDUS and CTA in evaluating the VA anatomy.Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis, the patients referred to our radiology department for CTA who had normal VA anatomy underwent a CDU for visualization of the orifice and segments (V1-V2) of the VA. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured in V1 while PSV, EDV were measured and resistive index and FV were calculated in V2. The presence of hypoplasia and dominance were noted.Results: A total of 77 patients who had normal vertebral arteries on CTA were included in this study. CDU findings were highly consistent with multislice CTA findings regarding the measurement of VA diameter (ICC=0.856, ICC=0.830), hypoplasia (kappa=0.488), and dominance (kappa=0.752). No consistency was found between the two modalities in the visualization of the orifice and V1 segment of the VAs on both sides. CTA was able to show the orifice and the V1 segment in all cases, while the success rate was lower in CDU, especially in terms of visualizing the orifice of VA. VA FV was not significantly different between the patients with and without vertebrobasilar insufficiency (P=0.300). Conclusion: CDU findings were consistent with 64-slice CTA findings in VA diameter measurement and the diagnosis of hypoplasia and dominance. However, CTA is more successful than RDUS in evaluating the vertebral artery orifice and V1 segment, the most common sites of atherosclerotic involvement. There was no significant difference between the patients with and without VBI symptoms in evaluating FV.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a condition in which the fluid pressure inside the skull is lower than normal. It is secondary to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak at the level of the spine and the resulting loss of CSF volume. Pseudo-subarachnoidal hemorrhage is a rare condition that can occur in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The diagnosis is very important because it can be confused with true subarachnoidal hemorrhage. True subarachnoidal hemorrhage is one of the complications that may occur in SIH patients. The differentiation of these two conditions as well as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and the response of the blood-patch treatment applied by interventional radiology is also very valuable., Spontan intrakraniyal hipotansiyon (SIH), kafatasının içindeki sıvı basıncının normalden düşük olduğu bir durumdur. Omurga seviyesinde beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) sızıntısına ve bunun sonucunda BOS hacim kaybına sekonder gelişir. Psödo-subaraknoidal kanama, spontan intrakraniyal hipotansiyonu olan hastalarda görülebilen nadir bir durumdur. Tanı çok önemlidir çünkü gerçek subaraknoidal kanama ile karıştırılabilir. Gerçek subaraknoidal kanama SIH hastalarında ortaya çıkabilecek komplikasyonlardan biridir. Bu iki durum arasındaki farkın bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) bulguları ve girişimsel radyoloji tarafından uygulanan kan-yama tedavisinin yanıtı çok değerlidir.

Globus pallidus ve putamen, beyindeki metabolik değişikliklere duyarlı hipervasküler yapılardır. Nonketotik hipergliseminin değerlendirilmesinde ve görüntüleme bulguları ile ayırıcı tanıda kontrastsız beyin bilgisayarlı tomografide (BBT) globus pallidus ve nukleus kaudatus da genellikle simetrik ve bilateral ancak nadiren tek taraflı hiperatenüasyon ve T1 ağırlıklı manyetik rezonans görüntülerde (MRG) bu alanlarda hiperintensite artışı izlenmektedir. Bu yazıda acil servise kore olarak tanımlanan kontrolsüz hareketlerle başvuran diyabetik hastaların görüntüleme bulgularını sunmayı amaçladık., The globus pallidus and putamen are highly vascular structures, because of that, they are more sensitive to the metabolic changes in the brain. In the evaluation of nonketotic hyperglycemia and differential diagnosis with imaging findings is in the globus pallidus and nucleus caudatus usually symmetrically and bilaterally but rarely unilaterally hyperattenuating on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) and hyperintensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) have been reported. In this report, we aimed to present poorly controlled diabetic patients that have been admitted to the emergency service with uncontrolled movements defined as chorea.

Purpose Quadriceps fat pad is located posterior to the quadriceps tendon. Increased signal intensity of this fat pad is seen on routine knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, but the exact mechanism and related pathologies are not clear. In this study we aimed to evaluate the relationship between MRI signal intensity and morphological features of quadriceps fat pad, as well as various pathologies of the patellofemoral joint. Material and methods Sixty-one knees with quadriceps fat pad oedema out of 457 knee MRI examinations were included. Quadriceps fat pad signal intensity, dimensions, posterior indentation, and various parameters related to patellofemoral joint such as trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear depth and sulcus angle, and the Insall-Salvati ratio were evaluated. Results There was no statistically significant correlation between quadriceps fat pad oedema intensity and its dimensions, but it was significant when compared to posterior indentation. There was no correlation between fat pad oedema and each of the pathologies. However, there was a significant correlation between the presence of fat pad oedema and the presence of at least one of the pathologies related to patellofemoral joint. Conclusions Quadriceps fat pad oedema detected in MRI examinations should warn the radiologist against the presence of various pathologies related to the patellofemoral joint.

Introduction. The aim of this study was to report our preliminary results regarding the use of the repositionable self-expanding nitinol stent in a cohort of patients with femoro-popliteal artery occlusion/stenosis. Material and methods. The study groups consisted a total of 8 patients (10 extremities) between 47 and 70 years of age who presented with typical symptoms of intermittent claudication and/or critical limb ischaemia (Fontaine stage II–IV) and underwent primary elective superficial femoral artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or stenting using a Jaguar repositionable self-expanding nitinol stent in the dates of 2013–2015. Information for patency at 6th month after the stenting procedure was obtained. Results. The mean operation time was 38.56 ± 26.40 minutes. No patients had procedure-related stent fracture, distal thromboembolism, haematoma, femoral pseudoaneurysm or stent occlusion. At 6-month follow-up, at least one categorical improvement was observed in 7 patients (87.5% of intent-to-treat population). Conclusions. The Jaguar self-expanding nitinol stent has several technical advantages, and its use was associated with a low risk of complications. Further study is warranted to establish its superiority in providing good long-term patency.

Aim: This study aims to determine the coronary artery variations, anomalies, and pathologies that could be detected in coronarycomputed tomography angiography (CCTA).Materials and Methods: Between March 2007 and December 2008, 1180 patients were referred to our clinic with CCTA requests.Coronary artery anatomy, the presence of variations and anomalies, coronary artery disease, proximal and distal anastomosis levels,stenosis and/or occlusion of by-pass grafts, stent patency, or stenosis were examined and recorded for all cases.Results: Total of 1118 cases included in the study. The left main coronary artery (LM) was not observed in 9 (0.80%) patients. In onecase (0.08%), the circumflex artery (LCx) artery was originated from the right sinus of Valsalva (RSV) with a retro-aortic course andthen reached its typical trace. The LM originated from the RSV in 2 patients (0.17%). The right coronary artery (RCA) originated fromthe left sinus of Valsalva (LSV) in 4 cases (0.35%). Coronary artery disease (CAD) in any stage was found in 100 patients with zeroscores, and 27 (4.48%) had stenotic CAD according to CCTA. There was a moderate correlation between age and CAD stage, and ageand calcium (Ca) score.Conclusion: In conclusion, 64-MDCT coronary angiography is a suitable method for the noninvasive evaluation of coronary arteries.Coronary artery anomalies are observed with a non-rare frequency. There is a moderate correlation between age and CAD sta

Introduction. Risk of failure after surgical creation of the AVF was linked to the diameter and flow dynamics of the vessel that is to be quantified by preoperative ultrasound mapping. We aimed to report our results using a different technique consisting of Fogarty® catheter dilatation of the cephalic vein after completion of the anastomosis. Material and methods. A total of 23 patients, aged between 35 to 70 years, with a cephalic vein diameter of ≤ 2.5 mm received a dilatation technique for arteriovenous creation. Patients having reoperations, aneurysmatic or thrombosed veins and multiple risk factors were not considered eligible and access failure within 60 days was defined as early fistula failure. Results. Mean cephalic vein diameter was 2.03 ± 0.28 mm and mean radial artery diameter was 2.33 ± 0.16 mm. At 15th day visit, 21 of 23 patients (91.3%) had patent arteriovenous fistula. Mean time of follow-up was 7.2 ± 1.67 months and was complete in 20 of 21 patients with a patent fistula. Overall patency was 18/23 (78.2%) in patients with survived AVFs. Conclusion. Fogarty® catheter dilatation of the cephalic vein after completion of the anastomosis during arteriovenous fistula creation is effective and safe in patients with small calibrated veins.

Orbital hydatid cyst is a rare form of hydatidosis, comprising less than 1% of all hydatid cysts reported. The first choice of treatment for orbital hydatid cyst is surgery. Preoperative diagnosis is important, so as to avoid rupture of the cyst and prevent the spread of the parasitic disease. Herein, we present the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a case of primary orbital hydatid cyst. © 2014, Singapore Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Intrathoracic gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge in the thoracic cavity, is a rare but serious complication of thoracic surgeries. A 70-year-old man presented with an eight-month history of cough. He had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery eight years ago. The posteroanterior chest X-ray revealed a well-marginated homogeneous opacity at the left hemithorax with striped appearance in the center. Thoracic CT revealed a pleural-based mass at the left lower lobe with a hyperdense rim. After the diagnosis of gossypiboma, it was removed surgically. Although rare after thoracic surgery, gossypibomas need to be considered in the differential diagnosis in case of respiratory symptoms.

There are limited data showing right ventricular preload increase due to high-flow arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). This cross-sectional study investigated whether high AVF flow had an impact on right ventricular function in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Sixty-four patients aged between 18 and 85 years who were on routine hemodialysis with >2 hemodialysis sessions per week for at least 3 months via an AVF were studied. Patients with inadequate flow fistulas, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of pulmonary embolism, primary pulmonary hypertension, severe mitral, aortic or pulmonary regurgitation, and/or stenosis were excluded. After an initial evaluation, 44 patients (mean age: 58.50 ± 16.84, male:female = 23:21) were considered eligible. Right ventricular function was assessed by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). AVF blood flow was measured with duplex ultrasound. There were 15 patients (34.1%) with a TAPSE of