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1. Post-COVID-19 condition symptoms among emergency department patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Archambault, Patrick M., Rosychuk, Rhonda J., Audet, Martyne, Hau, Jeffrey P., Graves, Lorraine, Décary, Simon, Perry, Jeffrey J., Brooks, Steven C., Morrison, Laurie J., Daoust, Raoul, Yeom, David Seonguk, Wiemer, Hana, Fok, Patrick T., McRae, Andrew D., Chandra, Kavish, Kho, Michelle E., Stacey, Dawn, Vissandjée, Bilkis, Menear, Matthew, Mercier, Eric, Vaillancourt, Samuel, Aziz, Samina, Zakaria, Dianne, Davis, Phil, Dainty, Katie N., Paquette, Jean-Sébastien, Leeies, Murdoch, Goulding, Susie, Berger Pelletier, Elyse, and Hohl, Corinne M.

Published
2024
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6. Optimizing Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Innovative Approaches to Public-Access Defibrillation: A Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation

Author

Brooks, Steven C., Clegg, Gareth R., Bray, Janet, Deakin, Charles D., Perkins, Gavin D., Ringh, Mattias, Smith, Christopher M., Link, Mark S., Merchant, Raina M., Pezo-Morales, Jaime, Parr, Michael, Morrison, Laurie J., Wang, Tzong-Luen, Koster, Rudolph W., and Ong, Marcus E.H.

Published
2022
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8. 2021 Interim Guidance to Health Care Providers for Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19

Author

Hsu, Antony, Sasson, Comilla, Kudenchuk, Peter J., Atkins, Dianne L., Aziz, Khalid, Becker, Lance B., Berg, Robert A., Bhanji, Farhan, Bradley, Steven M., Brooks, Steven C., Chan, Melissa, Chan, Paul S., Cheng, Adam, Clemency, Brian M., de Caen, Allan, Duff, Jonathan P., Edelson, Dana P., Flores, Gustavo E., Fuchs, Susan, Girotra, Saket, Hinkson, Carl, Joyner, Benny L., Jr, Kamath-Rayne, Beena D., Kleinman, Monica, Lasa, Javier J., Lavonas, Eric J., Lee, Henry C., Lehotzky, Rebecca E., Levy, Arielle, Mancini, Mary E., McBride, Mary E., Meckler, Garth, Merchant, Raina M., Moitra, Vivek K., Morgan, Ryan W., Nadkarni, Vinay, Panchal, Ashish R., Peberdy, Mary Ann, Raymond, Tia, Roberts, Kathryn, Sayre, Michael R., Schexnayder, Stephen M., Sutton, Robert M., Terry, Mark, Walsh, Brian, Wang, David S., Zelop, Carolyn M., and Topjian, Alexis

Published
2021
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9. Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association

Author

Edelson, Dana P., Sasson, Comilla, Chan, Paul S., Atkins, Dianne L., Aziz, Khalid, Becker, Lance B., Berg, Robert A., Bradley, Steven M., Brooks, Steven C., Cheng, Adam, Escobedo, Marilyn, Flores, Gustavo E., Girotra, Saket, Hsu, Antony, Kamath-Rayne, Beena D., Lee, Henry C., Lehotsky, Rebecca E., Mancini, Mary E., Merchant, Raina M., Nadkarni, Vinay M., Panchal, Ashish R., Peberdy, Mary Ann R., Raymond, Tia T., Walsh, Brian, Wang, David S., Zelop, Carolyn M., and Topjian, Alexis A.

Published
2020
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10. 2019 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces

Author

Soar, Jasmeet, Maconochie, Ian, Wyckoff, Myra H., Olasveengen, Theresa M., Singletary, Eunice M., Greif, Robert, Aickin, Richard, Bhanji, Farhan, Donnino, Michael W., Mancini, Mary E., Wyllie, Jonathan P., Zideman, David, Andersen, Lars W., Atkins, Dianne L., Aziz, Khalid, Bendall, Jason, Berg, Katherine M., Berry, David C., Bigham, Blair L., Bingham, Robert, Couto, Thomaz Bittencourt, Böttiger, Bernd W., Borra, Vere, Bray, Janet E., Breckwoldt, Jan, Brooks, Steven C., Buick, Jason, Callaway, Clifton W., Carlson, Jestin N., Cassan, Pascal, Castrén, Maaret, Chang, Wei-Tien, Charlton, Nathan P., Cheng, Adam, Chung, Sung Phil, Considine, Julie, Couper, Keith, Dainty, Katie N., Dawson, Jennifer Anne, de Almeida, Maria Fernanda, de Caen, Allan R., Deakin, Charles D., Drennan, Ian R., Duff, Jonathan P., Epstein, Jonathan L., Escalante, Raffo, Gazmuri, Raúl J., Gilfoyle, Elaine, Granfeldt, Asger, Guerguerian, Anne-Marie, Guinsburg, Ruth, Hatanaka, Tetsuo, Holmberg, Mathias J., Hood, Natalie, Hosono, Shigeharu, Hsieh, Ming-Ju, Isayama, Tetsuya, Iwami, Taku, Jensen, Jan L., Kapadia, Vishal, Kim, Han-Suk, Kleinman, Monica E., Kudenchuk, Peter J., Lang, Eddy, Lavonas, Eric, Liley, Helen, Lim, Swee Han, Lockey, Andrew, Lofgren, Bo, Ma, Matthew Huei-Ming, Markenson, David, Meaney, Peter A., Meyran, Daniel, Mildenhall, Lindsay, Monsieurs, Koenraad G., Montgomery, William, Morley, Peter T., Morrison, Laurie J., Nadkarni, Vinay M., Nation, Kevin, Neumar, Robert W., Ng, Kee-Chong, Nicholson, Tonia, Nikolaou, Nikolaos, Nishiyama, Chika, Nuthall, Gabrielle, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Okamoto, Deems, O’Neil, Brian, Yong-Kwang Ong, Gene, Paiva, Edison F., Parr, Michael, Pellegrino, Jeffrey L., Perkins, Gavin D., Perlman, Jeffrey, Rabi, Yacov, Reis, Amelia, Reynolds, Joshua C., Ristagno, Giuseppe, Roehr, Charles C., Sakamoto, Tetsuya, Sandroni, Claudio, Schexnayder, Stephen M., Scholefield, Barnaby R., Shimizu, Naoki, Skrifvars, Markus B., Smyth, Michael A., Stanton, David, Swain, Janel, Szyld, Edgardo, Tijssen, Janice, Travers, Andrew, Trevisanuto, Daniele, Vaillancourt, Christian, Van de Voorde, Patrick, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Wang, Tzong-Luen, Weiner, Gary, Welsford, Michelle, Woodin, Jeff A., Yeung, Joyce, Nolan, Jerry P., and Fran Hazinski, Mary

Published
2019
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12. 2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary

Author

Olasveengen, Theresa M., de Caen, Allan R., Mancini, Mary E., Maconochie, Ian K., Aickin, Richard, Atkins, Dianne L., Berg, Robert A., Bingham, Robert M., Brooks, Steven C., Castrén, Maaret, Chung, Sung Phil, Considine, Julie, Couto, Thomaz Bittencourt, Escalante, Raffo, Gazmuri, Raúl J., Guerguerian, Anne-Marie, Hatanaka, Tetsuo, Koster, Rudolph W., Kudenchuk, Peter J., Lang, Eddy, Lim, Swee Han, Løfgren, Bo, Meaney, Peter A., Montgomery, William H., Morley, Peter T., Morrison, Laurie J., Nation, Kevin J., Ng, Kee-Chong, Nadkarni, Vinay M., Nishiyama, Chika, Nuthall, Gabrielle, Ong, Gene Yong-Kwang, Perkins, Gavin D., Reis, Amelia G., Ristagno, Giuseppe, Sakamoto, Tetsuya, Sayre, Michael R., Schexnayder, Stephen M., Sierra, Alfredo F., Singletary, Eunice M., Shimizu, Naoki, Smyth, Michael A., Stanton, David, Tijssen, Janice A., Travers, Andrew, Vaillancourt, Christian, Van de Voorde, Patrick, Hazinski, Mary Fran, and Nolan, Jerry P.

Published
2017
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13. North American Public Opinion Survey on the Acceptability of Crowdsourcing Basic Life Support for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With the PulsePoint Mobile Phone App

Author

Dainty, Katie N, Vaid, Haris, and Brooks, Steven C

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundThe PulsePoint Respond app is a novel system that can be implemented in emergency dispatch centers to crowdsource basic life support (BLS) for patients with cardiac arrest and facilitate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator use while first responders are en route. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to conduct a North American survey to evaluate the public perception of the above-mentioned strategy, including acceptability and willingness to respond to alerts. MethodsWe designed a Web-based survey administered by IPSOS Reid, an established external polling vendor. Sampling was designed to ensure broad representation using recent census statistics. ResultsA total of 2415 survey responses were analyzed (1106 from Canada and 1309 from the United States). It was found that 98.37% (1088/1106) of Canadians and 96% (1259/1309) of Americans had no objections to PulsePoint being implemented in their community; 84.27% (932/1106) of Canadians and 55.61% (728/1309) of Americans said they would download the app to become a potential responder to cardiac arrest, respectively. Among Canadians, those who said they were likely to download PulsePoint were also more likely to have ever had CPR training (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4; P=.002); however, this was not true of American respondents (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.79-1.3; P=.88). When asked to imagine themselves as a cardiac arrest victim, 95.39% (1055/1106) of Canadians and 92.44% (1210/1309) of Americans had no objections to receiving crowdsourced help in a public setting; 88.79% (982/1106) of Canadians and 84.87% (1111/1309) of Americans also had no objections to receiving help in a private setting, respectively. The most common concern identified with respect to PulsePoint implementation was a responder’s lack of ability, training, or access to proper equipment in a public setting. ConclusionsThe North American public finds the concept of crowdsourcing BLS for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to be acceptable. It demonstrates willingness to respond to PulsePoint CPR notifications and to accept help from others alerted by the app if they themselves suffered a cardiac arrest.

Published
2017
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15. The CCEDRRN COVID-19 Mortality Score to predict death among nonpalliative patients with COVID-19 presenting to emergency departments: a derivation and validation study

Author

Hohl, Corinne M., primary, Rosychuk, Rhonda J., additional, Archambault, Patrick M., additional, O’Sullivan, Fiona, additional, Leeies, Murdoch, additional, Mercier, Éric, additional, Clark, Gregory, additional, Innes, Grant D., additional, Brooks, Steven C., additional, Hayward, Jake, additional, Ho, Vi, additional, Jelic, Tomislav, additional, Welsford, Michelle, additional, Sivilotti, Marco L.A., additional, Morrison, Laurie J., additional, and Perry, Jeffrey J., additional

Published
2022
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16. CCEDRRN COVID-19 Infection Score (CCIS): development and validation in a Canadian cohort of a clinical risk score to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19

Author

McRae, Andrew D, primary, Hohl, Corinne M, additional, Rosychuk, Rhonda, additional, Vatanpour, Shabnam, additional, Ghaderi, Gelareh, additional, Archambault, Patrick M, additional, Brooks, Steven C, additional, Cheng, Ivy, additional, Davis, Philip, additional, Hayward, Jake, additional, Lang, Eddy, additional, Ohle, Robert, additional, Rowe, Brian, additional, Welsford, Michelle, additional, Yadav, Krishan, additional, Morrison, Laurie J, additional, and Perry, Jeffrey, additional

Published
2021
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17. Derivation and validation of a clinical decision rule to risk‐stratify COVID‐19 patients discharged from the emergency department: The CCEDRRN COVID discharge score.

Author

Brooks, Steven C., Rosychuk, Rhonda J., Perry, Jeffrey J., Morrison, Laurie J., Wiemer, Hana, Fok, Patrick, Rowe, Brian H., Daoust, Raoul, Vatanpour, Shabnam, Turner, Joel, Landes, Megan, Ohle, Robert, Hayward, Jake, Scheuermeyer, Frank, Welsford, Michelle, and Hohl, Corinne

Published
2022
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18. Current Use, Capacity, and Perceived Barriers to the Use of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Canada

Author

Grunau, Brian, primary, Shemie, Sam D., additional, Wilson, Lindsay C., additional, Dainty, Katie N., additional, Nagpal, Dave, additional, Hornby, Laura, additional, Lamarche, Yoan, additional, van Diepen, Sean, additional, Kanji, Hussein D., additional, Gould, James, additional, Saczkowski, Richard, additional, and Brooks, Steven C., additional

Published
2021
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19. Effect of Optimized Versus Guidelines-Based Automated External Defibrillator Placement on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Coverage:An In Silico Trial

Author

Sun, Christopher L.F., Karlsson, Lena, Morrison, Laurie J., Brooks, Steven C., Folke, Fredrik, Chan, Timothy C.Y., Sun, Christopher L.F., Karlsson, Lena, Morrison, Laurie J., Brooks, Steven C., Folke, Fredrik, and Chan, Timothy C.Y.

Abstract

Background Mathematical optimization of automated external defibrillator (AED) placement may improve AED accessibility and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes compared with American Heart Association (AHA) and European Resuscitation Council (ERC) placement guidelines. We conducted an in silico trial (simulated prospective cohort study) comparing mathematically optimized placements with placements derived from current AHA and ERC guidelines, which recommend placement in locations where OHCAs are usually witnessed. Methods and Results We identified all public OHCAs of presumed cardiac cause from 2008 to 2016 in Copenhagen, Denmark. For the control, we computationally simulated placing 24/7-accessible AEDs at every unique, public, witnessed OHCA location at monthly intervals over the study period. The intervention consisted of an equal number of simulated AEDs placements, deployed monthly, at mathematically optimized locations, using a model that analyzed historical OHCAs before that month. For each approach, we calculated the number of OHCAs in the study period that occurred within a 100-m route distance based on Copenhagen's road network of an available AED after it was placed ("OHCA coverage"). Estimated impact on bystander defibrillation and 30-day survival was calculated by multivariate logistic regression. The control scenario involved 393 AEDs at historical, public, witnessed OHCA locations, covering 15.8% of the 653 public OHCAs from 2008 to 2016. The optimized locations provided significantly higher coverage (24.2%; P<0.001). Estimated bystander defibrillation and 30-day survival rates increased from 15.6% to 18.2% (P<0.05) and from 32.6% to 34.0% (P<0.05), respectively. As a baseline, the 1573 real AEDs in Copenhagen covered 14.4% of the OHCAs. Conclusions Mathematical optimization can significantly improve OHCA coverage and estimated clinical outcomes compared with a guidelines-based approach to AED placement.

Published
2020

20. Development of the Canadian COVID-19 Emergency Department Rapid Response Network population-based registry: a methodology study

Author

Hohl, Corinne M., primary, Rosychuk, Rhonda J., additional, McRae, Andrew D., additional, Brooks, Steven C., additional, Archambault, Patrick, additional, Fok, Patrick T., additional, Davis, Philip, additional, Jelic, Tomislav, additional, Turner, Joel P., additional, Rowe, Brian H., additional, Mercier, Éric, additional, Cheng, Ivy, additional, Taylor, John, additional, Daoust, Raoul, additional, Ohle, Robert, additional, Andolfatto, Gary, additional, Atzema, Clare, additional, Hayward, Jake, additional, Khangura, Jaspreet K., additional, Landes, Megan, additional, Lang, Eddy, additional, Martin, Ian, additional, Mohindra, Rohit, additional, Ting, Daniel K., additional, Vaillancourt, Samuel, additional, Welsford, Michelle, additional, Brar, Baljeet, additional, Dahn, Tara, additional, Wiemer, Hana, additional, Yadav, Krishan, additional, Yan, Justin W., additional, Stachura, Maja, additional, McGavin, Colleen, additional, Perry, Jeffrey J., additional, and Morrison, Laurie J., additional

Published
2021
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24. Prehospital triage and direct transport of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction to primary percutaneous coronary intervention centres: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Brooks, Steven C., Allan, Katherine S., Welsford, Michelle, Verbeek, P. Richard, Arntz, Hans-Richard, and Morrison, Laurie J.

Subjects
Heart attack -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Mortality -- Analysis, Emergency medical services -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Cardiac patients -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Transluminal angioplasty -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Health, Health care industry, Science and technology, Analysis, Health aspects
Abstract

Objective: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) appears to be superior to in-hospital fibrinolysis for most patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, few hospitals have PCI capability. The optimal prehospital strategy for facilitating rapid coronary reperfusion in STEMI patients is unclear. We sought to determine whether direct transport of adult STEMI patients by emergency medical services to primary PCI centres improves 30-day all-cause mortality when compared with a strategy of transportation to the closest hospital. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane 'CENTRAL' database (1980-July 2007) and several other electronic databases. Two authors independently assessed citations for relevance. Two authors independently abstracted data from included studies. We included studies that, 1) transported patients directly to a PCI-capable centre for primary PCI, 2) had a control group that was transported to the closest hospital and 3) reported outcomes of treatment time intervals, all-cause mortality, reinfarction rate, stroke rate or the frequency of cardiogenic shock. We used a random effects model to provide pooled estimates of relative risk (RR) when data allowed. Results: We identified 2264 citations with the search. Five studies, including 980 STEMI patients, met inclusion criteria, and were clinically heterogeneous and of variable quality. Most studies were European (3/5) and involved physician out-of-hospital care providers. There was a trend toward increased survival with direct transport to primary PCI but this was not statistically significant (RR 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-1.10). One study reported nonsignificant reductions in reinfarction (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.11-1.60) and stroke (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01-8.06) with direct transport for primary PCI. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of direct transport of patients with STEMI for primary PCI when compared with transportation to the closest hospital. Keywords: ST-elevation myocardial infarction, emergency medical services, EMS, reperfusion strategies, primary percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI RESUME Objectif : L'intervention coronarienne percutanee (ICP) semble donner de meilleurs resultats que la fibrinolyse en milieu hospitalier pour la plupart des patients victimes d'un infarctus du myocarde avec sus-decalage du segment ST (STEMI). Or, peu d'hopitaux peuvent pratiquer l'ICP. La meilleure strategie extrahospitaliere pour faciliter la reperfusion coronarienne precoce chez ces patients n'est pas claire. Nous avons cherche a determiner si le transport direct des adultes victimes d'un STEMI par les services medicaux d'urgence a des centres d'ICP primaires (ICPP) reduit davantage le taux de mortalite toutes causes confondues dans les 30 jours par rapport au transport a l'hopital le plus proche. Methodes : Nous avons interroge systematiquement plusieurs bases de donnees electroniques, dont MEDLINE, EMBASE, le Registre central Cochrane des essais controles (CENTRAL) (1980 a juillet 2007). Deux des auteurs ont evalue separement la pertinence des citations. Deux autres auteurs ont resume independamment les donnees des etudes. Nous avons inclus les etudes qui : 1) portaient sur les patients transportes directement vers un centre d'ICP pour la realisation immediate d'une ICPP; 2) comprenaient un groupe temoin ayant ete transporte a l'hopital le plus proche; et 3) ont fait etat des resultats relatifs aux delais avant le traitement, a la mortalite toutes causes confondues, au taux de recidive d'infarctus, au taux d'accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC), ou a la frequence de choc cardiogenique. Nous avons utilise un modele a effets aleatoires pour fournir une estimation des donnees regroupees du risque relatif (RR) lorsque les donnees le permettaient. Resultats : Notre recherche des bases de donnees a permis de reperer 2264 citations. Cinq etudes, comprenant 980 pa tients avec STEMI, repondaient aux criteres d'inclusion et etaient cliniquement heterogenes et de qualite variable. La plupart des etudes etaient europeennes (3/5) et mettaient a contribution des medecins extrahospitaliers. Nous avons note une tendance a la hausse du taux de survie lorsqu'il y avait transport direct a un centre d'ICPP, mais elle n'etait pas statistiquement significative (RR a 0,51, intervalle de confiance [IC] a 95 % de 0,24 a 1,10). Une etude faisait etat d'une reduction non importante de recidive d'infarctus (RR a 0,43; IC a 95 % de 0,11 a 1,60) et d'AVC (RR a 0,33; IC a 95 % de 0,01 a 8,06) lorsque le patient avait ete transporte directement a un centre d'ICPP. Conclusion : Il n'y a pas suffisamment de preuves pour appuyer l'efficacite du transport direct des patients avec STEMI a un centre en vue d'une ICPP par rapport au transport vers l'hopital le plus proche., INTRODUCTION Background and importance Each year, diseases of the heart cause approximately 50 000 deaths in Canada (1) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accounts for a large proportion of these. [...]

Published
2009

26. Abstract 249: The Effect of Response Time on Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Varies by Patient Subpopulation

Author

Stoesser, Clara, primary, Boutilier, Justin, additional, Sun, Christopher L, additional, Dainty, Katie N, additional, Lin, Steve, additional, Ko, Dennis, additional, Brooks, Steven C, additional, Morrison, Laurie J, additional, Scales, Damon C, additional, Feldman, Michael, additional, Cheskes, Sheldon, additional, and Chan, Timothy C, additional

Published
2018
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27. Barriers and opportunities related to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Canada: A report from the first meeting of the Canadian ECPR Research Working Group

Author

Brooks, Steven C., primary, Shemie, Sam D., additional, Torrance, Sylvia, additional, Hornby, Laura, additional, Gillrie, Clay, additional, Grunau, Brian, additional, Nagpal, A. Dave, additional, Baker, Andrew, additional, Christenson, Jim, additional, Gill, John, additional, and Morrison, Laurie, additional

Published
2018
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31. True Public Access Defibrillator Coverage is Overestimated

Author

Sun, Christopher L.F., Demirtas, Derya, Brooks, Steven C., Morrison, Laurie J., Chan, Timothy C.Y., Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Industrial Engineering & Business Information Systems, and Center for Healthcare Operations Improvement and Research

Abstract

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) occur at all times of the day and night. Immediate access to an AED increases survival. However, most public-location AEDs are placed in buildings without 24 hour access. Objective: To measure fixed-location public AED coverage of OHCAs by time of day and day of week in a Canadian urban setting. Methods: We identified all atraumatic public OHCAs occurring in Toronto, Canada from Jan. 2006 – Aug. 2014. We obtained a list of registered AEDs from Toronto Emergency Medical Services as of March 2015 and determined the hours that each AED was available based on operating hours of the building housing the AED. We counted the number of OHCAs that occurred within 100 m of an AED (“assumed 24/7 coverage”) and the number that occurred both within 100 m of an AED and when the AED was available (“actual coverage”). Statistical analysis was performed using a [chi]2 test. Results: We identified 2440 atraumatic public OHCAs and 737 registered AED locations. A total of 451 OHCAs were covered under assumed 24/7 coverage. In terms of actual coverage, 354 OHCAs were covered, representing a coverage loss of 25.5%. The figure shows coverage decreased by 8.6% during the day (8am-3:59pm), 28.6% in the evening (4pm-11:59pm), and 48.4% at night (12am-7:59am); the differences were statistically significant (p

Published
2015

32. Spatiotemporal AED Location Optimization

Author

Chan, Timothy C.Y., Sun, Christopher L.F., Demirtas, Derya, Morrison, Laurie J., Brooks, Steven C., Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Industrial Engineering & Business Information Systems, and Center for Healthcare Operations Improvement and Research

Abstract

Background: Mathematical optimization can be used to plan future AED placement to maximize out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) coverage. Many public access AEDs are placed in locations without 24/7 access. AED coverage can be overestimated unless temporal availability is considered. Objective: To develop a new spatiotemporal AED location optimization model that accounts for both spatial and temporal information. Methods: We identified all atraumatic public-location OHCAs occurring in Toronto, Canada from Jan. 2006 – Aug. 2014. We gathered location and operating hours data for 4898 buildings that were used as potential sites for AED placement. We extended a previously published spatial optimization model, which identifies locations to place AEDs that maximize the number of historical OHCAs occurring within 100 m of an AED. The new spatiotemporal model finds AED locations that maximize the number of OHCAs occurring within 100 m of an available AED, considering when the OHCAs occurred (“actual coverage”). We then compared the spatial and spatiotemporal models on actual coverage of out-of-sample OHCAs using 10-fold cross validation. Statistical analysis was performed using McNemar’s test. Results: We identified 2440 atraumatic public-location OHCAs. AED locations chosen by the spatiotemporal model outperformed those chosen by the spatial model by 26.1% in actual coverage (p

Published
2015

33. Spatiotemporal Stability of Public Cardiac Arrests

Author

Demirtas, Derya, Brooks, Steven C., Morrison, Laurie J., Chan, Timothy C.Y., Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Industrial Engineering & Business Information Systems, and Center for Healthcare Operations Improvement and Research

Abstract

Background: Public access automated external defibrillator (AED) deployment and community cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) programs should target geographical areas with high risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Although these long-term, location-based interventions implicitly assume that the geographical OHCA risk remains stable over time, there is a paucity of evidence to support this assumption. Objective: To determine whether geographic OHCA risk is stable over time in a Canadian urban setting. Methods: We identified all atraumatic public-location OHCAs in Toronto, Canada from Jan. 2006 – Dec. 2014 and allocated each of them to one of the 140 neighborhoods defined by the City of Toronto. We then calculated the intra-class correlation (ICC) to measure the relative variability of OHCA counts within and between neighbourhoods over time. Results: We identified 2506 atraumatic public OHCAs. The figure shows that the average number of public OHCAs in Toronto was 278.4 (±41.4) per year. The highest-risk neighborhood had an average number of 12.9 OHCAs per year and remained the highest-risk neighborhood during six of the nine years. The four lowest-risk neighborhoods each had a rate of 0.1 OHCA per year. The ICC value was 0.67 [95% CI, 0.61 to 0.73], indicating that there was less year-to-year variation within the same neighborhood (i.e., more temporal stability) and more variation between neighborhoods. Conclusion: The OHCA rate in Toronto is stable at the neighborhood level over time. High-risk neighborhoods tend to remain high-risk, which supports focusing public health resources in those areas to increase the efficiency of these scarce resources and improve long-term impact.

Published
2015

37. What is new in the 2015 American Heart Association guidelines, what is recycled from 2010, and what is relevant for emergency medicine in Canada

Author

Morrison, Laurie J., primary, de Caen, Allan, additional, Bhanji, Farhan, additional, Bigham, Blair L., additional, Blanchard, Ian E., additional, Brooks, Steven C., additional, Guerguerian, Anne-Marie, additional, Jensen, Jan L., additional, Travers, Andrew H., additional, Vaillancourt, Christian, additional, Welsford, Michelle, additional, and Woolfrey, Karen, additional

Published
2016
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39. Part 4: Advanced Life Support 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations

Author

Callaway, Clifton W., Soar, Jasmeet, Aibiki, Mayuki, Bottiger, Bernd W., Brooks, Steven C., Deakin, Charles D., Donnino, Michael W., Drajer, Saul, Kloeck, Walter, Morley, Peter T., Morrison, Laurie J., Neumar, Robert W., Nicholson, Tonia C., Nolan, Jerry P., Okada, Kazuo, O'Neil, Brian J., Paiva, Edison F., Parr, Michael J., Wang, Tzong-Luen, Witt, Jonathan, Callaway, Clifton W., Soar, Jasmeet, Aibiki, Mayuki, Bottiger, Bernd W., Brooks, Steven C., Deakin, Charles D., Donnino, Michael W., Drajer, Saul, Kloeck, Walter, Morley, Peter T., Morrison, Laurie J., Neumar, Robert W., Nicholson, Tonia C., Nolan, Jerry P., Okada, Kazuo, O'Neil, Brian J., Paiva, Edison F., Parr, Michael J., Wang, Tzong-Luen, and Witt, Jonathan

Published
2015

41. Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest

Author

Donnino, Michael W., primary, Andersen, Lars W., additional, Berg, Katherine M., additional, Reynolds, Joshua C., additional, Nolan, Jerry P., additional, Morley, Peter T., additional, Lang, Eddy, additional, Cocchi, Michael N., additional, Xanthos, Theodoros, additional, Callaway, Clifton W., additional, Soar, Jasmeet, additional, Aibiki, Mayuki, additional, Böttiger, Bernd W., additional, Brooks, Steven C., additional, Deakin, Charles D., additional, Drajer, Saul, additional, Kloeck, Walter, additional, Morrison, Laurie J., additional, Neumar, Robert W., additional, Nicholson, Tonia C., additional, O’Neil, Brian J., additional, Paiva, Edison F., additional, Parr, Michael, additional, Wang, Tzong-Luen, additional, and Witt, Jonathan, additional

Published
2015
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42. Ranking Businesses and Municipal Locations by Spatiotemporal Cardiac Arrest Risk to Guide Public Defibrillator Placement.

Author

Sun, Christopher L.F., Brooks, Steven C., Morrison, Laurie J., and Chan, Timothy C.Y.

Subjects
*DEFIBRILLATORS, *CARDIAC resuscitation, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *MEDICAL care of cardiac patients
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Efforts to guide automated external defibrillator placement for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treatment have focused on identifying broadly defined location categories without considering hours of operation. Broad location categories may be composed of many businesses with varying accessibility. Identifying specific locations for automated external defibrillator deployment incorporating operating hours and time of OHCA occurrence may improve automated external defibrillator accessibility. We aim to identify specific businesses and municipal locations that maximize OHCA coverage on the basis of spatiotemporal assessment of OHCA risk in the immediate vicinity of franchise locations. Methods: This study was a retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the Toronto Regional RescuNET Epistry cardiac arrest database. We identified all nontraumatic public OHCAs occurring in Toronto, ON, Canada, from January 2007 through December 2015. We identified 41 unique businesses and municipal location types with ≥20 locations in Toronto from the YellowPages, Canadian Franchise Association, and the City of Toronto Open Data Portal. We obtained their geographic coordinates and hours of operation from Web sites, by phone, or in person. We determined the number of OHCAs that occurred within 100 m of each location when it was open (spatiotemporal coverage) for Toronto overall and downtown. The businesses and municipal locations were then ranked by spatiotemporal OHCA coverage. To evaluate temporal stability of the rankings, we calculated intraclass correlation of the annual coverage values. Results: There were 2654 nontraumatic public OHCAs. Tim Hortons ranked first in Toronto, covering 286 OHCAs. Starbucks ranked first in downtown, covering 110 OHCAs. Coffee shops and bank machines from the 5 largest Canadian banks occupied 8 of the top 10 spots in both Toronto and downtown. The rankings exhibited high temporal stability with intraclass correlation values of 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.93) in Toronto and 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.86) in downtown. Conclusions: We identified and ranked businesses and municipal locations by spatiotemporal OHCA risk in their immediate vicinity. This approach may help policy makers and funders to identify and prioritize potential partnerships for automated external defibrillator deployment in public-access defibrillator programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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47. Part 1: Executive Summary

Author

Neumar, Robert W., primary, Shuster, Michael, additional, Callaway, Clifton W., additional, Gent, Lana M., additional, Atkins, Dianne L., additional, Bhanji, Farhan, additional, Brooks, Steven C., additional, de Caen, Allan R., additional, Donnino, Michael W., additional, Ferrer, Jose Maria E., additional, Kleinman, Monica E., additional, Kronick, Steven L., additional, Lavonas, Eric J., additional, Link, Mark S., additional, Mancini, Mary E., additional, Morrison, Laurie J., additional, O’Connor, Robert E., additional, Samson, Ricardo A., additional, Schexnayder, Steven M., additional, Singletary, Eunice M., additional, Sinz, Elizabeth H., additional, Travers, Andrew H., additional, Wyckoff, Myra H., additional, and Hazinski, Mary Fran, additional

Published
2015
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48. Part 8: Education, Implementation, and Teams

Author

Bhanji, Farhan, primary, Finn, Judith C., additional, Lockey, Andrew, additional, Monsieurs, Koenraad, additional, Frengley, Robert, additional, Iwami, Taku, additional, Lang, Eddy, additional, Ma, Matthew Huei-Ming, additional, Mancini, Mary E., additional, McNeil, Mary Ann, additional, Greif, Robert, additional, Billi, John E., additional, Nadkarni, Vinay M., additional, Bigham, Blair, additional, Bray, Janet E., additional, Breckwoldt, Jan, additional, Brooks, Steven C., additional, Cheng, Adam, additional, Donoghue, Aaron J., additional, Duff, Jonathan P., additional, Edelson, Dana P., additional, Fischer, Henrik, additional, Gilfoyle, Elaine, additional, Hsieh, Ming-Ju, additional, Kloeck, David A., additional, Ko, Patrick, additional, Leary, Marion, additional, Olasveengen, Theresa M., additional, Rittenberger, Jon C., additional, Schultz, Robert D., additional, Stub, Dion, additional, Triska, Zuzana, additional, Wolbrink, Traci A., additional, Yang, Chih-Wei, additional, and Yeung, Joyce, additional

Published
2015
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49. Part 4: Advanced Life Support

Author

Callaway, Clifton W., primary, Soar, Jasmeet, additional, Aibiki, Mayuki, additional, Böttiger, Bernd W., additional, Brooks, Steven C., additional, Deakin, Charles D., additional, Donnino, Michael W., additional, Drajer, Saul, additional, Kloeck, Walter, additional, Morley, Peter T., additional, Morrison, Laurie J., additional, Neumar, Robert W., additional, Nicholson, Tonia C., additional, Nolan, Jerry P., additional, Okada, Kazuo, additional, O’Neil, Brian J., additional, Paiva, Edison F., additional, Parr, Michael J., additional, Wang, Tzong-Luen, additional, Witt, Jonathan, additional, Andersen, Lars W., additional, Berg, Katherine M., additional, Sandroni, Claudio, additional, Lin, Steve, additional, Lavonas, Eric J., additional, Golan, Eyal, additional, Alhelail, Mohammed A., additional, Chopra, Amit, additional, Cocchi, Michael N., additional, Cronberg, Tobias, additional, Dainty, Katie N., additional, Drennan, Ian R., additional, Fries, Michael, additional, Geocadin, Romergryko G., additional, Gräsner, Jan-Thorsten, additional, Granfeldt, Asger, additional, Heikal, Sarah, additional, Kudenchuk, Peter J., additional, Lagina, Anthony T., additional, Løfgren, Bo, additional, Mhyre, Jill, additional, Monsieurs, Koenraad G., additional, Mottram, Allan R., additional, Pellis, Tommaso, additional, Reynolds, Joshua C., additional, Ristagno, Giuseppe, additional, Severyn, Fred A., additional, Skrifvars, Markus, additional, Stacey, William C., additional, Sullivan, Jonathon, additional, Todhunter, Sarah L., additional, Vissers, Gino, additional, West, Stephen, additional, Wetsch, Wolfgang A., additional, Wong, Natalie, additional, Xanthos, Theodoros, additional, Zelop, Carolyn M., additional, and Zimmerman, Janice, additional

Published
2015
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