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For over a decade, scholars of European studies have been studying a phenomenon referred to as the politicization of the European Union, usually defined as the intensification of a political debate, the polarization of opinions, and public resonance. This article extends existing explanatory models by offering a systematic theorization of the role emotions in EU politicization to establish that emotions are integral to every step of the process. First, they are prerequisites as actors and audiences need to be emotionally invested in an issue to engage in a debate about it. Second, they are drivers since they fuel debates and allow them to get heated and polarized. Third, they are outcomes since politicization will engender new emotional investments and sensitivities. The analytical added value of integrating emotions into explanatory models is illustrated through the case of the Brexit campaign.

Faunal assemblages at hydrothermal vents associated with island-arc volcanism are less well known than those at vents on mid-ocean ridges and back-arc spreading centres. This study characterizes chemosynthetic biotopes at active hydrothermal vents discovered at the Kemp Caldera in the South Sandwich Arc. The caldera hosts sulfur and anhydrite vent chimneys in 1375–1487 m depth, which emit sulfide-rich fluids with temperatures up to 212°C, and the microbial community of water samples in the buoyant plume rising from the vents was dominated by sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. A total of 12 macro- and megafaunal taxa depending on hydrothermal activity were collected in these biotopes, of which seven species were known from the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) vents and three species from vents outside the Southern Ocean. Faunal assemblages were dominated by large vesicomyid clams, actinostolid anemones, Sericosura sea spiders and lepetodrilid and cocculinid limpets, but several taxa abundant at nearby ESR hydrothermal vents were rare such as the stalked barnacle Neolepas scotiaensis . Multivariate analysis of fauna at Kemp Caldera and vents in neighbouring areas indicated that the Kemp Caldera is most similar to vent fields in the previously established Southern Ocean vent biogeographic province, showing that the species composition at island-arc hydrothermal vents can be distinct from nearby seafloor-spreading systems. δ 13 C and δ 15 N isotope values of megafaunal species analysed from the Kemp Caldera were similar to those of the same or related species at other vent fields, but none of the fauna sampled at Kemp Caldera had δ 13 C values, indicating nutritional dependence on Epsilonproteobacteria, unlike fauna at other island-arc hydrothermal vents.

Presence/absence data for vent taxa compiled from published literature for Kemp Caldera and 15 well-studied vent fields in neighbouring oceanic regions.

web site : http://www.sel.uniroma2.it/CoMetS11/program/program.htm; International audience; The Modeling and Simulation (M&S) of complex systems leans on the collaboration between different actors coming from specific domains. These actors have to communicate through an efficient way in order to improve the M&S process. We therefore propose in this article a collaborative M&S software framework called DEVSimPy. We point out the use of DEVSimPy through a concrete case study: hydraulic network management.

We analyzed field structural data and an offshore seismic-reflection profile and compared them with previously published geological and geophysical data to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Gargano fault system, the kinematics of which have been the subject of contradictory interpretations. Field analyses show that the Gargano fault system consists of NW- to W-striking folds, thrusts, and left-lateral transpressional and strike-slip faults. A set of NW-striking solution cleavage supports the inference of an overall left-lateral kinematic regime for the Gargano fault system. Some synsedimentary structures indicate Miocene-Pliocene contractional and transpressional activity along the Gargano fault system, whereas strike-slip faults affecting Pleistocene conglomerates support a recent, left-lateral, strike-slip activity. The seismic-reflection data show that the offshore prolongation of the Gargano fault system consists of an anticline cut by high-angle faults arranged in a positive flower-like structure, which has mostly grown since middle-late Miocene times along a Mesozoic platform-basin margin. We have schematically reconstructed the tectonic evolution of the Gargano fault system between the middle-late Miocene and the present day. During this period, the Gargano fault system has mostly accommodated contractional to left-lateral transpressional and strike-slip displacements. These displacements are consistent with the regional, Neogene-Quaternary, contractional tectonics across Adria and the Apennines and Dinarides-Albanides fold-and-thrust belts. Some evidence suggests that the Gargano fault system is presently accommodating extensional or left-lateral transtensional displacements. We interpret the Neogene-Quaternary, strike-slip displacements on the Gargano fault system to be connected with the segmentation of the subducted Adriatic slab beneath the Apennines fold-and-thrust belt and with the noncylindrical evolution of this slab (i.e., differential retreating motions), which has undergone differential flexural movements in the adjacent, northern and southern Adriatic compartments.

Fold-thrust belts are commonly interpreted as "thin-skinned" structures, developed above a detachment, with the underlying basement remaining undeformed. However, in many areas, particularly where compressional tectonism was preceded by rifting, models of basement fault reactivation may be more appropriate. The contrasts between thin-skinned and deep-rooting, inversion-dominated deformation in building fold-thrust complexes are investigated using a case history from the Italian Apennines. Three sectors were chosen to represent the marked lateral variations in structural style evident in the thrust belt. The outer portion of the Marche (in the north) is contrasted with a section through the Lucanian Apennines in the south and with the Molise district of the Central Apennines. The Marche structures are readily explained in terms of inversion, a model that is consistent with new deep seismic data onshore and conventional seismic from the nearby Adriatic Sea. The displacements implicit for the inversion model are a factor of five less than for existing thin-skinned interpretations. However, these styles are not applicable throughout the Apennines. Well data in the Southern Apennines of Lucania demonstrate large-scale thin-skinned thrusting, with 57 km of horizontal displacement since earliest Pliocene time. This includes 14 km of shortening that ramps up through the buried Apulian Platform carbonates. These deeper structures may be restored using ramp-dominated thrust geometries. The Molise sector shows broadly the same structural style as for Lucania: allochthonous shallow-water carbonates and pelagic basin units overlie the carbonates of the Apulian Platform, with the major difference being that here, the pelagic basin units are detached at the level of the Oligocene-lower Miocene Argille Varicolori. In this setting, the Apulian carbonates may be restored using only 5 km of displacement. The overlying allochthon probably has accommodated about 45 km of displacement since the earliest Pliocene. Therefore, the Apennines show differing structural styles with differing displacements along their length. Thick-skinned thrusting models may be applied to the Marche and to structures in the buried Apulian units.

The Southern Apenmines Thrust Belt (SATB) is a prolific petroleum province in Italy. In this work, we reconstruct its structural evolution since the Messinian and the timing of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, integrating geological and geochemical constraints.