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Objectives: This study aims to accurately evaluate pain lasting longer than three months and falls under the category of chronic pain and to determine the risk factors to follow up and treat properly and to develop appropriate diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Patients and methods: Between March 2021 and December 2021, a total of 437 patients (162 males, 275 females; mean age: 44±14.6 years; range, 12 to 82 years) who were referred to the participating centers due to pain complaints and were diagnosed with post-COVID-19 condition according to the criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups as nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, and central sensitization, based on the physician's clinical evaluation and the Self-Report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) and Central Sensitization Inventory scores. Results: The most common diagnosis was nociceptive pain followed by central sensitization. Patients with nociceptive pain had less pain. It was found that not exercising regularly, having a chronic disease and being a woman were risk factors for central sensitization, having thyroid disease before COVID-19, and defining the current pain as very severe were risk factors for neuropathic pain. Conclusion: In the evaluation of post-COVID-19 pain, neuropathic pain and central sensitization should be also considered in addition to nociceptive pain and the severity of pain, systemic diseases and physical activity should be questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between kinesiophobia, fear of falling, anxiety, and depression levels in women with osteoporosis (OP). Materials and Methods: Female participants with OP were included in our cross-sectional observational study and their fear of falling and movement, anxiety and depression levels were questioned. Demographic data (age, body mass index, fracture history), and dual X-ray absorptiometry data were recorded. Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), Fall Efficacy Scale (FES), Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale were used. Results: Based on their history of fracture, 77 individuals were divided into two groups: OP with fracture (n=33) and OP without fracture (n=44). The findings of the bone mineral density correlated negative with the TSK, FES, and depression levels (p<0.05). FES, TSK, anxiety, and depression scores were positively correlated (r=0.232; r=0.241; r=0.296). Only the existence of the fracture and anxiety levels showed a statistical relationship in the inter-group analysis (p=0.003). No statistically significant differences were detected between the fracture history and TSK, FES, and depression scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: Fall efficacy was associated with kinesiophobia, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, care should be taken when warning OP patients to prevent negative consequences that may occur due to fracture. In addition to the negative consequences of fractures, balance and strengthening exercises and how to reduce falls should be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology / Cuadernos de Neuropsicología is the property of Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The development of whole-genome screening methodologies for the detection of copy number variations (CNVs), such as array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCHG), provides a much higher resolution than karyotyping leading to the identification of novel microdeletion and microduplication syndromes often associated with an autism spectrum disease (ASD) phenotype. The aim of the study was to determine CNVs of patients with ASD by using array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Methods: Fifty-three patients diagnosed with ASD between 20.01.2014 and 14.01.2015 were included in the study. Chromosome analysis of the patients was performed from peripheral blood cultures and analysed as normal. All patients were evaluated with P064C1 and P096A2 MLPA probes in terms of 16 mental retardation related syndromes. For aCGH method, SurePrint G3 Human microarrays 8x60K were used with genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood. Results: According to results of 53 patients who were included in and performed with arrayCGH, 8 (15%) patients had CNVs classified as pathogenic or variant of unknown significance (VOUS) in the study. We detected a pathogenic NRXN1 gene partial CNV deletion (2p16.3) in two patients. Also we identified a 900 kb duplication of 4p15.31 including SLIT2 gene, and a 245 kb duplication of 15q11.2 including PWRN1 gene in one patient. Our other findings are considered to be a variant of unknown significance (VOUS). Conclusion: The results of the study support the literature knowledge, where the copy number variations that cannot be detected with conventional cytogenetics methods in terms of size may happen in patients with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to research the probable prevalence of Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) in primary school children in Edirne City and the relationships with their sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: The sample of our study was composed of 2,174 children who were educated in primary schools in second, third, and fourth grades in the academic year 2013-2014 in Edirne City. The teachers and parents of these children were given Specific Learning Difficulties Symptom Scale, Learning Disabilities Symptoms Checklist (teacher and parent forms), and sociodemographic data forms to fill in. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors for SLD. Results: Our study revealed that the probable prevalence of SLD was 13.6%; 17% for boys and 10.4% for girls. Reading impairment was 3.6%, writing impairment was 6.9%, and mathematic impairment was 6.5%. We determined that consanguineous marriages, low income, history of neonatal jaundice were found as risks for SLD; born by caesarean, developmental delay of walking, and history of neonatal jaundice were found as risks for mathematic impairment. A history of learning difficulties of parents was a risk factor for forming SLD and subtypes. Conclusion: Our findings were consistent with other study results about the prevalence of SLD. The relationships between the probable prevalence rates and sociodemographic data were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]