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Abstract. Analyzing log data from digital learning environments provides information about online learning. However, it remains unclear how this information can be transferred to psychologically meaningful variables or how it is linked to learning outcomes. The present study summarizes findings on correlations between general online activity and learning outcomes in university settings. The course format, instructions to engage in online discussions, requirements, operationalization of general online activity, and publication year are considered moderators. A multi-source search provided 41 studies ( N = 28,986) reporting 69 independent samples and 104 effect sizes. The three-level random-effects meta-analysis identified a pooled effect of r = .25 p = .003, 95% CI [.09, .41], indicating that students who are more active online have better grades. Despite high heterogeneity, Q(103) = 3,960.04, p

Strategies in reading are viewed as essential tools needed to increase comprehension and learning from text. Especially in large-scale assessments, reliable and economic measures of reading strategies are needed which are valid to assess the strategy-performance relation. Questionnaire-based self-report measures are very popular but often fail to establish a positive relation between strategy use and performance. Nevertheless, these measures are objective and content valid as well as efficient in use. One explanation for this fact may be that, depending on students’ individual approaches to reading, various strategies may lead to better performance. Then, self-report questionnaires of strategy use (SRQs) would assess differences in strategic approaches of students which are not (necessarily) linked to performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether students’ differences in self-reported strategy use correspond to different strategic approaches in reading. The present study compares strategic reading behavior of a homogeneous sample of 22 high-achieving ninth grade students with superior performance in reading who were chosen for their high reading-related strategy knowledge and their difference in self-reported strategy use, assessed via questionnaire. Eleven students reported frequent strategy use (FSU) and 11 students reported seldom strategy use (SSU). For both groups, strategic reading behavior was assessed in an unobtrusive way using a computer-based multiple-choice reading test. Even though both groups showed little to none differences in reading performance, results indicate that FSU and SSU students differ in processing of text during initial reading and while re-reading text passages. In addition, they differed in how they proceed with reading tasks.

The study investigates automated and controlled cognitive processes that occur when university students read multiple documents (MDs). We examined data of 401 students dealing with two MD sets in a...

Journal for educational research online 5 (2013) 2, S. 162-188, Educational processes in modern information societies require personal initiative - not only in institutional contexts but also in out-of-school and working environments. Besides cognitive competencies (e.g., reading or mathematical literacy), a person’s ability to regulate his/her own learning processes is therefore of particular importance for successful learning and working. Metacognition is a central component in the process of self-regulated learning. It is defined as cognition about cognition and encompasses two components: the knowledge component and the regulation component. To better understand how metacognition evolves and how its development is influenced by cognitive and motivational components, the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) aims at assessing different aspects of metacognition as well as self-regulation in the respective phases of the lifespan. The present paper gives an overview on the general approach of assessing metacognition and self-regulation within the NEPS, focusing on the assessment of one specific component of metacognition, namely, metacognitive knowledge. Results from two pilot studies on a newly developed test instrument (with two experimentally varied versions of the test) for secondary school students are presented. The results concerning the metacognitive knowledge test are discussed not only with regard to further developments within the NEPS but also with regard to their theoretical and practical implications. (DIPF/Orig.), Steigende Anforderungen der Informationsgesellschaft bedürfen einer eigenständigen und kontinuierlichen Aneignung von Wissen. Dies zeigt sich in schulischen Aus- und Weiterbildungskontexten ebenso wie in Beruf und Freizeit. Erfolgreiches Lernen erfordert daher neben kognitiven Kompetenzen (z.B. Lesekompetenz oder mathematische Kompetenz) insbesondere auch die Befähigung, das eigene Lernen zu regulieren. Metakognition ist eine zentrale Komponente im Prozess des selbstregulierten Lernens. Konzeptuell sind zwei Facetten der Metakognition zu unterscheiden, eine Wissens- und eine Regulationskomponente. Um Entwicklungsverläufe zur Metakognition und den Einfluss kognitiver und motivationaler Variablen abbilden zu können, bedarf es Längsschnittstudien. Ein Ziel des Nationalen Bildungspanels (National Educational Panel Study, NEPS) ist es daher, neben kognitiven Komponenten auch Metakognition bzw. Aspekte der Selbstregulation in den jeweiligen Phasen des Lebenslaufs zu erfassen. Nach einem Überblick über den Ansatz zur Erfassung des selbstregulierten Lernens (Metakognition bzw. Selbstregulation) im NEPS fokussiert der vorliegende Beitrag auf die Diagnose metakognitiven Wissens mittels eines neu entwickelten Instruments (z. T. in empirisch variierten Versionen) für Schülerinnen und Schüler der Sekundarstufe. Ergebnisse zweier Pilotstudien werden präsentiert und in Hinblick auf ihre theoretische und praktische Bedeutsamkeit, auch bezüglich weiterer NEPS-Entwicklungen diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)

This study aims at exploring gender differences in text-type-specific reading competences via readers’ gender-specific reading preferences. Women were expected to read more often for the sake of entertainment (entertainment preference), whereas men were expected to read more often to gain information (information preference). We further assumed that individuals who read for entertainment would have higher reading competence in fictional literary texts compared with non-fictional informational texts, and vice versa for individuals who read to gain information. The analysis was based on a sample of 830 adults between 19 and 71 years (M = 31.04; SD = 12.53) from a pilot study of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). A structural equation model confirmed that women and men show different reading preferences during leisure time. The preference to read for entertainment was predictive for reading competence in literary texts; however, the preference to read for information had positive effects on reading competence in both informational and literary texts.

Low literacy among adolescents and adults worldwide remains a serious problem, even in economically developed countries. The consequences of low reading proficiency levels can be harmful in many ways for both the individuals concerned and their communities in terms of health, political, social and economic outcomes. While large-scale international assessments do assess reading proficiency, the data they provide for the bottom end of the scale are still somewhat undifferentiated. What is of particular concern to scholars and policymakers alike is to better understand the nature of reading difficulties among low-literate adolescents and adults. Addressing this need, the authors of this article present a new integrative process model which takes into consideration reader-related, text-related and task-related factors along different stages of the reading process that can cause reading difficulties. The process model incorporates different traditions of research on low reading proficiency: large-scale assessments, cognitive psychology, and research on developmental precursors of reading comprehension. It enabled the authors to identify core difficulty-generating factors, in particular task and text characteristics relevant in evaluating the difficulty of a reading task and thus in determining whether low-literate readers can solve it. The process model also proved suitable for incorporation into standard-setting practice. The authors demonstrate how the process model provided a framework for developing proficiency level descriptors (PLDs) which were then applied for the purpose of standard setting in a German large-scale assessment, the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Their results show that the PLDs were indeed suitable for differentiating between a low reading proficiency level and a functional reading proficiency level among adolescents and adults.

Recent research suggests that readers' subjective task understanding influences reading processes and outcomes. Therefore, the present study's aim was to investigate whether the task demands that readers retrospectively report relate to multiple document comprehension strategies and outcome. A total of 310 university students completed three units from a standardized multiple-document comprehension test and answered an open-ended task demands question after each unit. Amongst others, participants comprehended single- and multiple-document activities to be task demands. Comprehending deep-level single-document activities and management activities to be task demands related to corroboration and proactive sourcing, respectively. However, comprehending multiple-document activities to be task demands was related neither to students' multiple-document comprehension nor to their realized multiple-document activities. The data suggest a context schema formation across test units: In later units the participants comprehended more often multiple-document activities and less often surface-level single-document and management activities to be task demands, and conducted more sourcing.

To plan cluster-randomized trials with sufficient statistical power to detect intervention effects on student achievement, researchers need multilevel design parameters, including measures of between-classroom and between-school differences and the amounts of variance explained by covariates at the student, classroom, and school level. Previous research has mostly been conducted in the U.S., focused on two-level designs, and limited to core achievement domains (i.e., mathematics, science, reading). Using representative data of students attending grades 1 to 12 from three German longitudinal large-scale assessments (3,963 ≤ N ≤ 14,640), we used three- and two-level latent (covariate) models to provide design parameters and corresponding standard errors for a broad array of domain-specific (e.g., mathematics, science, verbal skills) and domain-general (e.g., basic cognitive functions) achievement outcomes. Three covariate sets were applied comprising (a) pretest scores, (b) sociodemographic characteristics, and (c) their combination. Design parameters varied considerably as a function of the hierarchical level, achievement outcome, and grade level. Our findings demonstrate the need to strive for an optimal fit between design parameters and target research context. We illustrate the application of design parameters in power analyses.

BackgroundIn Germany, three large-scale surveys–the Level One Study (LEO), the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), and the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS)–provide complementary data on adults’ literacy skills that can be harnessed to study adults with low literacy. To ensure that research on low-literate adults using these surveys arrives at valid and robust conclusions, it is imperative to ascertain the comparability of the three surveys’ low-literacy samples. Towards that end, in the present study, we comprehensively assess the comparability of adults with low literacy across these surveys with regard to their sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics.MethodsWe used data from LEO, PIAAC, and NEPS. We identified features of the sample representation and measurement of (low) literacy as potential causes for variations in the low-literacy samples across the surveys. We then compared the low-literacy samples with regard to their sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and performed logistic regressions to compare the relative importance of these characteristics as correlates of low literacy.ResultsThe key insight our study provides is that–despite different sample representations and measurement approaches–the low-literacy samples in the three surveys are largely comparable in terms of their socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics. Although there were small differences between the surveys with regard to the distribution of gender, educational attainment, and the proportion of non-native speakers within the group of low-literate adults, results revealed that both the prevalence of low literacy and its correlates were largely robust across LEO, PIAAC, and NEPS. Across all three surveys, lower educational attainment emerged as the most significant correlate of low literacy, followed by a non-German language background, unemployment and low occupational status.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that all three surveys can be used for investigating adults with low literacy. The small differences between the low-literacy samples across the three surveys appear to be associated with sample representation and certain assessment features that should be kept in mind when using the surveys for research and policy purposes. Nevertheless, our study showed that we do not compare apples with oranges when dealing with low-literate adults across different large-scale surveys.

The study investigates the cognitive load of students working on tasks that require the comprehension of multiple documents (Multiple Document Comprehension, MDC). In a sample of 310 students, perceived task difficulty (PD) and mental effort (ME) were examined in terms of task characteristics, individual characteristics, and students' processing behavior. Moreover, it was investigated if PD and ME can still contribute to MDC while controlling for these variables. The perceived difficulty of the task was shown to be related to the number of documents, text length, study level, and sourcing. Mental effort was predicted by text length, study level, and processing time. When including these variables as covariates, cognitive load was incrementally predictive of MDC. The results are discussed in terms of how working memory resources can shape the process of comprehending multiple documents. (DIPF/Orig.), Die Studie untersucht das Belastungserleben (Cognitive Load) von Studierenden beim Bearbeiten von Aufgaben, die das Verstehen multipler Dokumente erfordern (Multiple Document Comprehension, MDC). Es wurde gepr��ft, inwiefern die wahrgenommene Aufgabenschwierigkeit und die mentale Anstrengung von 310 Studierenden durch aufgabenspezifische Eigenschaften, individuelle Merkmale und ihr Bearbeitungsverhalten bestimmt werden und dar��ber hinaus MDC erkl��ren. F��r die Aufgabenschwierigkeit wurde gezeigt, dass sie mit der Dokumentenanzahl, der Textl��nge, dem Studienniveau sowie der Ber��cksichtigung von Quellen in Zusammenhang steht. Die mentale Anstrengung wurde durch die Textl��nge, das Studienniveau und Bearbeitungszeiten vorhergesagt. Unter Einschluss dieser Variablen als Kovariaten war das Belastungserleben inkrementell pr��diktiv f��r MDC. Die Ergebnisse werden dahingehend diskutiert, wie Arbeitsged��chtnisressourcen den Prozess des Verstehens multipler Dokumente gestalten k��nnen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Background With digital technologies, competence assessments can provide process data, such as mouse clicks with corresponding timestamps, as additional information about the skills and strategies of test takers. However, in order to use variables generated from process data sensibly for educational purposes, their interpretation needs to be validated with regard to their intended meaning. Aims This study seeks to demonstrate how process data from an assessment of multiple document comprehension can be used to represent sourcing, which summarizes activities for the consideration of the origin and intention of documents. The investigated process variables were created according to theoretical assumptions about sourcing, and systematically tested for differences between persons, units (i.e., documents and items), and properties of the test administration. Sample The sample included 310 German university students (79.4% female), enrolled in several bachelor's or master's programmes of the social sciences and humanities. Methods Regarding the hierarchical data structure, the hypotheses were analysed with generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Results The results mostly revealed expected differences between individuals and units. However, unexpected effects of the administered order of units and documents were detected. Conclusions The study demonstrates the theory‐informed construction of process variables from log‐files and an approach for empirical validation of their interpretation. The results suggest that students apply sourcing for different reasons, but also stress the need of further validation studies and refinements in the operationalization of the indicators investigated.

Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag werden die individuell verschiedenen Verlaufe der Interessensentwicklung innerhalb der Schulfacher Deutsch, Mathematik und Englisch anhand eines personenzentrierten Ansatzes untersucht. Unter Ruckgriff auf die BiKS-8-14 Studie werden Daten von N=1301 Schulerinnen und Schulern von der 4. bis zur 7. Jahrgangsstufe analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der latenten Klassenanalyse verweisen auf Subgruppen von Schulerinnen und Schulern mit spezifischen Interessensverlaufen. Es ergeben sich funf latente Klassen, die sowohl stabil undifferenzierte, zunehmend undifferenzierte als auch differenzierte Interessensprofile aufzeigen. Fur die Annahme einer zunehmenden Differenzierung der Fachinteressen im Schulverlauf findet sich jedoch nur geringe Evidenz. Schlagworter: Interessensentwicklung, Fachinteresse, Latente Klassenanalyse ----- Development of Students‘ Interests in Language Arts, Mathematics and English during Adolescence: A Person-Centered Approach Abstract In this paper, a person-centered approach is used to investigate the various ways in which students’ interests in Language Arts, mathematics and English (as a first foreign language in school) develop over time. Based on the BiKS-8-14 study data of N = 1301, students are analyzed from grade 4 to grade 7. The findings of the latent class analysis point to sub-groups of students with different structures of interest development. These include five different latent classes. The respective profiles of interest development include stable, undifferentiated, increasingly undifferentiated and differentiated patterns of interest development. However, little evidence was found for a pattern of increasingly differentiated interests during the school course. Keywords: Interest development, Subject interests, Latent-Class-Analysis ----- Bibliographie: Schurtz, Irene/Artelt, Cordula: Die Entwicklung des Fachinteresses Deutsch, Mathematik und Englisch in der Adoleszenz: Ein personenzentrierter Ansatz, Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung, 3-2014, S. 285-301. https://doi.org/10.3224/diskurs.v9i3.16623

Beiträge zur Lehrerbildung 31 (2013) 2, S. 166-173, Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkräften. Nach einer kurzen Übersicht zum gegenwärtigen Forschungsstand werden Befunde aus unseren eigenen Arbeiten, die im Rahmen der BiKS-Studie entstanden sind, berichtet. Diese beziehen sich zum einen auf die Spezifität der Urteile (globale Urteile versus aufgabenspezifische Urteile) und zum anderen auf die Auswirkungen der Urteilsgenauigkeit der Lehrkräfte auf den Lernerfolg der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Der Beitrag schliesst mit Implikationen für die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrkräften., The following article addresses teacher judgement accuracy. After a brief summary of the current state of research, findings from our own work, which are based on data from the BiKS-Study, are reported. These findings focus on the specificity of teacher judgements (global judgements versus task-specific judgements) and on the effects of teacher judgement accuracy on students’ learning success. The article closes with implications for initial teacher education and in-service training.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structure of metacognitive knowledge in fifth grade pupils and its relation to school achievement. Since the structure of metacognitive knowledge is controversially discussed with little empirical evidence for either its domain specificity or its domain transferability, the debate remains somewhat hypothetical up to date. In theory it is assumed that the development of metacognitive knowledge begins highly domain and situation-specific and becomes more flexible and domain-transcending with practice and experience (Borkowski et al. 2000). As standardized measures to assess metacognitive knowledge of students in the age group under investigation were missing, newly developed instruments were applied to assess the domain-specific metacognitive knowledge in reading and mathematics as well as domain-transcending metacognitive knowledge. The influences of domain-specific and general metacognitive knowledge on school achievement in the two domains were analyzed. While findings on the structure of metacognitive knowledge indicate some degree of domain specificity, they also point out a strong relation between general metacognitive knowledge and domain-specific metacognitive knowledge. The cross-sectional relation between metacognitive knowledge and academic achievement were relatively low. Implications for future research will be discussed.

Forschungsarbeiten zur Interessensentwicklung konnten vielfach zeigen, dass Schulerinnen und Schuler mit undifferenziert hohen schulfachbezogenen Interessen in die Schule eintreten, die mittleren Interessen im weiteren Schulverlauf jedoch stetig absinken. Neuere Studien verweisen auf einen stagnierenden Interessensabfall ab Jahrgangsstufe 7 und einen leichten Interessensanstieg etwa ab Jahrgangsstufe 11. Gemas dem Modell der Interessensdifferenzierung (Todt & Schreiber, 1998) lasst sich der mittlere Interessensabfall auf einen Differenzierungsprozess zuruckfuhren: Die Schulerinnen und Schuler fokussieren ihr Interesse nach Schuleintritt auf einige wenige Facher, wahrend die ubrigen Fachinteressen sinken. Anhand der Fachinteressen Deutsch, Mathematik und Englisch zu Jahrgangsstufe 4 bis 11 wurde untersucht, inwieweit sich derartige Differenzierungsprozesse uber eine latente Klassenanalyse mit langsschnittlichen Daten (LCA) nachzeichnen lassen. Die Analyse von N = 293 Schulerinnen und Schulern bestatigte zunachst den Befund einer mittleren, kurvenlinearen Interessensentwicklung. Die LCA ergab funf latente Klassen. Die Mittelwertdifferenzen der Fachinteressen liesen nur fur zwei der funf latenten Klassen eine zunehmende Interessensdifferenzierung zu Jahrgangsstufe 11 vermuten.

Empirische Sonderpädagogik 7 (2015) 2, S. 99-116, Dieser Artikel betrachtet die messinvariante Erfassung bildungsrelevanter Konstrukte mit Hilfe schriftlicher Befragungen bei Schülerinnen und Schülern an Förderschulen und Hauptschulen in der 5. Jahrgangsstufe. Um optimale Administrationsbedingungen für Schülerinnen und Schüler mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf Lernen zu erforschen, wurde ein experimentelles Design implementiert. Inwieweit angepasste Erhebungsinstrumente und unterschiedliche Beschulungsformen sowie anzunehmende Kompetenzunterschiede der Befragten eine messäquivalente Erfassung der Lesemotivation und des akademischen Selbstkonzeptes ermöglichen, wird durch Mehrgruppenvergleiche konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass vergleichende Analysen zwischen Schülergruppen an Förderschulen und Hauptschulen für bestimmte Konstrukte und Faktoren sinnvoll interpretierbar sind. (DIPF/Orig.), This article focuses on measurement invariance of the assessment of educationally relevant constructs via written questionnaires for students at special schools and at low track schools attending 5th grade. To examine optimal conditions of administration for students with special educational needs in the area of learning an experimental design was implemented. If accommodated questionnaires, different school enrollments as well as competence differences allow equivalent assessment of reading motivation and academic self-concepts will be investigated with multi-group comparison of confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicate that comparisons between groups of students at special schools and low track schools are meaningful for certain constructs. (DIPF/Orig.)

Two reading literacy/text comprehension tests with different demands (on-line comprehension vs. memory-based comprehension) were administered to 6,104 15-year-old students from all German states and school types. The combined and specific effects of proximal and distal variables from small-scale psychological research as well as from large-scale educational studies on each text comprehension measure were investigated. Metacognitive knowledge, decoding speed, and the number of books at home (as an indicator for family background) were found to have specific and large effects on on-line comprehension and accounted for 46 percent of the variance with the highest effects for metacognition. Metacognitive knowledge was also highly predictive when the effects of specific prior knowledge and thematic interest on memory-based text comprehension were estimated simultaneously. In addition, students who showed relative strength in building up a coherent representation of specific texts (memory-based text comprehension) were characterised by high amounts of prior knowledge and thematic interest thereby underlining the importance of these student characteristics for learning.

The present study provides insight into several technical and computer-aided procedures that can be used with deaf students to improve their speech. A visible speech device combined with a training program was developed and evaluated in six German schools for the deaf. The teachers were initially given special instructions about the work with their students in accordance with our technical and training concept. The students were able to build up a knowledge of visible patterns of spoken sounds, syllables, and words. They used this knowledge to recognize speech errors and to improve their pronunciation. Teachers' experiences were mostly positive. As they said, this device made their work much easier. The results show that visible speech can be used effectively; however, it has to be embedded in a training program that systematically builds up phonological knowledge and considers symbolic meanings from signed and written language. Research evidence indicates that the majority of deaf individuals do not have age-appropriate speech and language skills (Conrad, 1979; McAnnaly, Rose, & Quigley, 1987). The speech intelligibility of the majority of hearing-impaired individuals with severe to profound hearing loss is generally low (20%), as the results of speech instruction in the past show (Markides, 1970). Similar intelligibility scores were found in Ger

Journal for educational research online 5 (2013) 2, S. 5-14, The eight articles of this Special Issue describe the assessment of competencies within the German National Education Panel Study (NEPS) for major educational-stage-comprehensive assessment domains of the NEPS. The Editorial outlines the overall framework for the selection and conceptualization of the assessment of competencies against the background of existing models and approaches in national and international large-scale assessments and panel studies. The functional-integrative perspective on competencies is introduced and briefly described with reference to the competence domains integrated into the NEPS assessments. Moreover, the assessment design implemented within the first five years is presented to illustrate the scientific potential of this unique pattern of competence assessments within the NEPS. (DIPF/Orig.), Die acht Artikel dieses Special Issues beschreiben die Konzeption der Messung von Kompetenzen im Nationalen Bildungspanel (NEPS) für die Kompetenzbereiche, die etappenübergreifend und kohärent gemessen werden sollen. Das Editorial skizziert die Rahmenkonzeption für die Auswahl und Konzeption der Kompetenzmessungen im NEPS vor dem Hintergrund bestehender theoretischer Modelle und Konzeptionen in nationalen und internationalen large-scale assessments und Längsschnittstudien. Die funktional-integrative Perspektive auf Kompetenzen wird vorgestellt und mit Bezug auf die Kompetenzdomänen des NEPS beschrieben. Zudem wird das Erhebungsdesign der ersten fünf Jahre vorgestellt, um das spezifische wissenschaftliche Potenzial zu illustrieren, das sich über die Implementation dieser Rahmenkonzeption zur Messung von Kompetenzen im NEPS ergibt. (DIPF/Orig.)

Journal for educational research online 3 (2011) 2, S. 119-147, In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die diagnostische Kompetenz von Sekundarstufenlehrkräften mit der Leistungsentwicklung von Schülerinnen und Schülern im Lesen und im Rechnen zusammenhängt und inwieweit dies durch Unterrichtsvariablen moderiert wird. Datenbasis ist eine Stichprobe von 502 Schülerinnen und Schülern sowie deren 40 Deutsch- und 29 Mathematiklehrkräfte, die zu zwei Messzeitpunkten (am Ende der 5. Und 6. Jahrgangsstufe) im Rahmen der BiKS-Studie untersucht wurden. Der aufgabenspezifische Treffer und die Rangordnungskomponente werden als Indikatoren für die diagnostische Kompetenz der Lehrkräfte herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Deutsch- und Mathematiklehrkräfte eine mittelhohe Trefferquote auf weisen (aufgabenspezifische Treffer). Für die Rangordnungskomponente fallen die durchschnittlichen Korrelationen mit r = .19 für den Bereich Lesen und r = .44 für den Bereich Rechnen vergleichsweise niedrig aus. Darüber hinaus ergeben die durchgeführten Mehrebenenanalysen einen signifikanten positiven Zusammenhang des aufgabenspezifischen Treffers mit der Entwicklung der Lesekompetenz, aber nicht mit der Entwicklung der mathematischen Kompetenz der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen dem aufgabenspezifischen Treffer und der Lesekompetenzentwicklung durch Unterrichtsvariablen (Individualisierung, Strukturierungshilfen) moderiert wird. Für die Rangordnungskomponente konnten keine signifikanten positiven Zusammenhänge bzw. Wechselwirkungen für die beiden Bereiche nachgewiesen werden. (DIPF/Orig.), The present study investigates the relationship between teacher judgment accuracy and the development of students’ reading and mathematical competence and whether this relationship is moderated by instructional variables. Longitudinal data were obtained from a sample of 502 students and their 40 German language and 29 mathematics teachers in the context of the BiKS study (measurement points: at the end of grades 5 and 6). Teacher judgment accuracy was measured by a task-specific hit rate and the rank order component in the domains of reading and mathematics. German language and mathematics teachers showed a moderate hit rate. For the rank order component, we found a mean correlation of r = .19 in the domain of reading and r = .44 in the domain of mathematics. Multilevel analyses revealed that the task-specific hit rate had a significant positive relationship with the development of students’ reading competence, but it was not related to the development of students’ mathematical competence. Furthermore, the significant relationship of teachers’ task-specific hit rate was moderated by instructional variables such as teachers’ use of individualization and structuring cues. For the rank order component, no significant positive relationships or interactions were found in the domains of reading and mathematics. (DIPF/Orig.)

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: It is known that maladaptive attentional and emotional mechanisms of pain processing – as indicated by constructs such as pain hypervigilance, pain-related anxiety and pain catastrophizing – play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain conditions. However, little is known to date about the potential risk factors for these forms of maladaptive processing. The aim of the present study was to shed more light on this issue. A very comprehensive set of predictor variables was examined in healthy pain-free subjects.METHOD: Participants were 92 young and healthy subjects (mean [± SD] age 26.99±6.90 years; 47 men, 45 women). Maladaptive attentional and emotional mechanisms of pain processing were assessed by self-report measures of pain hypervigilance, pain-related anxiety and pain catastrophizing, as well as by a dot-probe task. The comprehensive set of predictor variables included measures of affective and bodily distress (depression, anxiety and somatization), experimental pain sensitivity, and cortisol reactivity. Directed relationships were estimated by using structural equation modelling.RESULTS: Structural equation modelling revealed a significant path from affective and bodily distress to self-reported maladaptive attentional and emotional pain processing. In contrast, the paths from pain sensitivity and cortisol reactivity did not reach the level of significance.CONCLUSION: These results support the position that anxiety and depression, as well as somatization, contribute to the aberrance of attentional and emotional mechanisms of pain processing. Surprisingly, the assumption of a close relationship between these maladaptive mechanisms of pain processing and pain sensitivity could not be confirmed.

Klieme, Eckhard [Hrsg.]; Artelt, Cordula [Hrsg.]; Hartig, Johannes [Hrsg.]; Jude, Nina [Hrsg.]; Köller, Olaf [Hrsg.]; Prenzel, Manfred [Hrsg.]; Schneider, Wolfgang [Hrsg.]; Stanat, Petra [Hrsg.]: PISA 2009. Bilanz nach einem Jahrzehnt. Münster : Waxmann 2010, S. 73-112, Im Rahmen dieses Kapitel wird dargestellt, wie Lesemotivation und Lernstrategien von Schülerinnen und Schülern nach rund neun Jahren Schulzeit ausgeprägt sind. Untersucht wird unter anderem, welche Präferenzen Fünfzehnjährige in Bezug auf Lesematerialien haben und welchen Stellenwert das Lesen im Alltag der Fünfzehnjährigen einnimmt. Zudem werden die Häufigkeit der Nutzung sowie das Wissen über lern- und lesebezogene Strategien betrachtet. Hierzu werden einerseits Vergleiche zwischen den OECD-Staaten, andererseits zwischen Subgruppen (Jungen und Mädchen) innerhalb der Staaten vorgenommen. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, welche Veränderungen sich zwischen den PISA-Kohorten 2000 und 2009 zeigen. Im Rahmen des Kapitels werden zudem Zusammenhänge zwischen Lesemotivation, Lernstrategien und Lesekompetenz berichtet. Hierbei liegt ein besonderer Stellenwert auf der Beschreibung der Relevanz von Lesemotivation und Lernstrategien als Einflussgrößen zur Verringerung sozialer Ungleichheiten in der Lesekompetenz. (DIPF/Orig.)

Klieme, Eckhard [Hrsg.]; Artelt, Cordula [Hrsg.]; Hartig, Johannes [Hrsg.]; Jude, Nina [Hrsg.]; Köller, Olaf [Hrsg.]; Prenzel, Manfred [Hrsg.]; Schneider, Wolfgang [Hrsg.]; Stanat, Petra [Hrsg.]: PISA 2009. Bilanz nach einem Jahrzehnt. Münster : Waxmann 2010, S. 23-71, In diesem Kapitel berichten die Autoren die zentralen Ergebnisse aus der PISA-Erhebung 2009 zur Lesekompetenz der fünfzehnjährigen Schülerinnen und Schüler in Deutschland. Nach einer Beschreibung dessen, was PISA unter Lesekompetenz versteht, gehen sie zunächst auf den Vergleich der Lesekompetenz in Deutschland mit derjenigen in den anderen OECD-Staaten ein. Im Anschluss werden die Kompetenzen der Jugendlichen in Deutschland beschrieben: Zunächst gehen die Autoren auf die Gruppe derjenigen Jugendlichen im Detail ein, die als schwache Leserinnen und Leser charakterisiert werden können. Hier interessieren sie sich vor allem dafür, durch welche Merkmale Schülerinnen und Schüler gekennzeichnet sind, bei denen besonders niedrige Lesekompetenzen anzutreffen sind und bei denen deswegen besonderer Förderbedarf besteht. Daran anschließend beschäftigen sie sich mit Unterschieden der Lesekompetenz zwischen Mädchen und Jungen sowie zwischen Schülerinnen und Schülern in unterschiedlichen Bildungsgängen. Im letzten Teilkapitel analysieren sie die Entwicklung der Lesekompetenz der Jugendlichen in Deutschland seit der ersten PISA-Erhebung im Jahr 2000. (DIPF/Orig.)

Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung 1 (2006) 1, S. 157-159

1 Einleitung 2 Fragestellungen 3 Methode 4 Ergebnisse 5 Diskussion 6 Literatur

Journal for educational research online 5 (2013) 2, S. 15-49, Based on a brief review of models and empirical results concerning the acquisition of language, a conceptual framework for assessing language competencies within the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) is outlined. Language-component-oriented approaches and functional-integrative perspectives on language competencies are compared, and their importance for the investigation of language development as well as for the measurement of language competencies is highlighted. Further, implications for a comprehensive assessment and design for measuring language competencies within a large-scale educational study will be presented, and the concrete measures of the NEPS will be mentioned. Finally, results of a small preliminary study are reported to show a theoretical and data-driven approach to select instruments for the NEPS surveys. (DIPF/Orig.), Ausgehend von einer kurzen Darstellung verschiedener Modellvorstellungen und Befunde zum Spracherwerb wird eine Rahmenkonzeption zur Erfassung von Sprachkompetenzen im Rahmen des Nationalen Bildungspanels (National Educational Panel Study, NEPS) vorgestellt. Kontrastiert werden funktionalintegrative und subkomponenten-bezogene Perspektiven auf den Erwerb von Sprache und die Messung sprachlicher Kompetenzen. Dabei wird die Relevanz beider Zugänge beleuchtet und die daraus resultierenden Implikationen für die Messung sprachlicher Kompetenzen und das Erhebungsdesign des Nationalen Bildungspanels dargestellt sowie die konkret eingesetzten Verfahren kurz beschrieben. Abschließend werden Ergebnisse einer Vorstudie vorgestellt, die beispielhaft zeigt, wie sowohl theorie- als auch datenbasiert vorgegangen wird, um Aufgaben im Bereich der phonologischen Bewusstheit für die NEPS-Studien auszuwählen. (DIPF/Orig.)