Search

Myiasis is an infestation of living tissue with larvae of dipteran flies that commonly inhabit tropical and subtropical regions. The infection principally affects animals but human cases have been also reported. The larvae commonly invade the contaminated cutaneous structures such as wounds or furuncles, but sometimes can invade inner deeper structures. Many cases of myiasis affecting the newborn infants are globally reported with the highest incidence in rural communities with poor hygienic conditions. In this piece of research, we report a case of umbilical myiasis of an 11-day-old infant from Al-Mikhwah city, South Western Saudi Arabia. Parasitologic examination identified the infestation with tumbu fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga) larvae. The clinical presentation and epidemiology were discussed.

Myiasis is a skin infection caused by developing larvae (maggots) of various Diptera fly species. The two most frequent flies that cause human infestations around the world are Dermatobia hominis (human botfly) and Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly). Maggots have been found to infest the nose, ear, orbit, tracheostomy wound, face, gums, and serous cavities, among other places. Maggots at the colostomy site are an uncommon occurrence. We report a case of maggots infestation surrounding the colostomy site. We came across a rather rare finding in a patient with advanced inoperable rectum cancer who initially complained of persistent nonspecific pain, discomfort, and foul-smelling discharge from the colostomy site. The issue at hand was identified to be maggots, and their removal alleviated the patient's symptoms. We underline the importance of regularly monitoring stoma sites to avoid maggot infestation, especially in tropical regions.

In this article, we intend to discuss a case of cutaneous myiasis in a British child traveller who recently travelled to Somaliland. A Cordylobia anthropophaga larva was identified as the species that caused the disease. The case report, which contains a video illustration of the causative agent, proved a diagnostic challenge at presentation.

Myiasis refers to the parasitic infestation of the live or dead human tissue by the larva of various fly species (maggots).[1][1] The dipterous flies, most commonly Dermatobia hominis, Cordylobia anthropophaga and Chrysomya bezziana are attracted to necrotic, purulent or sanguineous lesions and lay

The cutaneous myiasis has been rarely reported in the Republic of Korea. We intended to describe here a case of furuncular cutaneous myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae in a Korean traveler returned from Central Africa. A patient, 55-year-old man, had traveled to Equatorial Guinea, in Central Africa for a month and just returned to Korea. Physical examinations showed 2 tender erythematous nodules with small central ulceration on the left buttock and thigh. During skin biopsy, 2 larvae came out from the lesion. C. anthropophaga was identified by paired mouth hooks (toothed, spade-like, oral hooklets) and 2 posterior spiracles, which lack a distinct chitinous rim. Although rarely described in Korea until now, cutaneous myiasis may be encountered more frequently with increasing international travel and exchange workers to tropical areas.

Background: Cutaneous myiasis is a self-limited skin infestation by developing fly larvae, with three clinical subtypes: furuncular, migratory, and wound myiasis. Furuncular myiasis is endemic throughout much of Africa; however, few reports are from the Horn of Africa. Clinical presentation: An 85-year-old woman in Somaliland presented with a 12-day history of multiple painful and pruritic nodules on the temple, arm, chest, breast, flank, and legs. The posterior of a larva was visible within several lesions. One larva was extracted from an arm nodule and identified as Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly) by morphologic examination. The patient was instructed to occlude the other nodules with petroleum jelly and return in 3 days. Instead, she visited a traditional healer who extracted the remaining larvae. Conclusions: We present a case of furuncular cutaneous myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga. Treatment options for this infestation include occlusion with petroleum jelly to cause larvae to exit, surgical extraction, and oral ivermectin. Occlusion may not be acceptable for some patients. Extraction may cause significant inflammatory response if the larva is damaged during the process. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of myiasis in Somaliland, although it is probably underreported. Myiasis is a common dermatosis associated with travel to endemic areas. Furuncular myiasis can easily be misdiagnosed as furunculosis or cellulitis. Dermatologists must be familiar with the clinical features and management of this dermatosis. Keywords: myiasis, cutaneous myiasis, furuncular myiasis, tumbu fly, fly larvae, Somaliland

Background Furuncular myiasis is a parasitic infection of a live mammal by fly larvae commonly seen in Africa. However, with an increase in international tourism, there is a significant rise in exotic infection in non-endemic areas which can pose a diagnostic challenge to doctors and potentially lead to delay in treatment. From the current literature, only 12 cases were reported in the UK. Case presentation We report an unusual case of multiple abscesses in a 32-year-old white British woman presenting to our Emergency department in the UK after returning from a holiday in The Gambia, West Africa. She did not complain of systemic symptoms and was otherwise fit and healthy with no significant past medical history. During examination, two maggots were expressed from the abscesses by applying lateral pressure to each lesion. The larvae were found to be Cordylobia anthropophaga. She was discharged with antibiotics to prevent secondary infection with no further follow-up. Conclusion With globalization, the need for increasing awareness of tropical diseases has become important to win the battle against future epidemics.

Myiasis has been defined as the infestation of organs and/or tissues with dipterous larvae. They are especially widespread in tropical and subtropical areas. Cutaneous myiasis is its most frequent clinical presentation. This report presents a case of furuncular myiasis caused by the larva of Cordylobia anthropophaga in a 22-year-old girl living in Bergamo, Northern Italy, who returned from Kenya (Watamu) with a big, painful furuncle in her right gluteus. The patient accidentally removed the larva from a large pimple and took it to the infectious disease ambulatory clinic at the ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII” Hospital, Bergamo. In the Microbiology and Virology Department of the same hospital, a larva of C. anthropophaga was identified and the diagnosis of myiasis was confirmed.

Furuncular myiasis results when the larva penetrates healthy skin to cause a furuncle like nodule which may mimic common dermatoses like insect bites and pyoderma leading to misdiagnoses. Tumbu fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga) is the most common cause in Africa and is endemic in Malawi. We describe a case of C. anthropophaga furuncular myiasis from a 6-month-old baby who presented with an acute history of a rash and was initially misdiagnosed on two occasions. Treatment consisted of manual removal of the larva and subsequent local wound care with a good outcome. We believe that much as Malawi is in the endemic region of the Tumbu fly, the disease’s clinical mimicking of common dermatoses and the patients’ preference to treat themselves at home may result in clinicians gaining less experience in managing furuncular myiasis cases in their daily practice leading to misdiagnoses. This report therefore demonstrates the practical challenges which unwary clinicians and patients in Malawi might encounter when faced with this otherwise common condition. It further highlights the importance of dermatologists and other non-dermatologist clinicians to consider furuncular myiasis among differential diagnoses in like lesions which in turn will reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics and delay correct patient treatment.

Myiasis is a temporary infection of the skin or other organs with fly larvae.1 The larvae develop into boil-like lesions. Creeping sensations and pain are usually described by patients. Following the maturation of the larvae, spontaneous exiting and healing is experienced. Herein we present a case of a traveler returning from Central African Republic. She does not recall insect bites. She never took off her clothing for recreational bathing, nor did she visit any rural areas. The lesions appeared on unexposed skin. The specific diagnosis was performed by morphologic characterization of the larvae, resulting in Cordylobia anthropophaga, the dominant form of myiasis in Africa. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of C. anthropophaga in Latin America.

Myiasis is a temporary infection of the skin or other organs with fly larvae.1 The larvae develop into boil-like lesions. Creeping sensations and pain are usually described by patients. Following the maturation of the larvae, spontaneous exiting and healing is experienced. Herein we present a case of a traveler returning from Central African Republic. She does not recall insect bites. She never took off her clothing for recreational bathing, nor did she visit any rural areas. The lesions appeared on unexposed skin. The specific diagnosis was performed by morphologic characterization of the larvae, resulting in Cordylobia anthropophaga, the dominant form of myiasis in Africa. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of C. anthropophaga in Latin America. Keywords: Cordylobia anthropophaga, Furuncular myiasis, Tumbu-fly

BACKGROUND Furuncular myiasis is likely to be seen by Western dermatologists because of the increasing number of international travelers but remains unfamiliar to most of them, who tend to refer these patients to hospitals. Different treatments have been proposed, but many of them are not achievable in outpatient consultation. METHODS We reported three typical cases of furuncular myiasis, according to each species involved, and proposed diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for dermatologists in outpatient consultation. RESULTS One patient, complaining of an inflammatory nodule of the leg with a central punctum, was diagnosed with Dermatobia hominis infection, after a forest walk in French Guiana. One woman returned from Senegal with a nodule of the left buttock. She had been infected by a Cordylobia anthropophaga larva after drying her underwear under a mango tree. One woman living in Cameroon presented with scalp nodules, pain, fatigue, and facial edema. She had been infected by more than 40 larvae of Cordylobia rodhaini after drying her sheets under a mango tree. Manual extraction ensured complete healing in the three patients. We used neither doppler ultrasound nor occlusive dressing. Diagnosis was immediately made thanks to the typical clinical stories. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of furuncular myiasis requires only clinical skills and basic knowledge of life cycles. The treatment varies slightly depending on the species involved but is achievable in outpatient consultation and does not require occlusive dressing.

More affordable international travel, global trade and commerce, and the exporting of labor have all contributed to international population mobility. Furthermore, population migration leads to the incidence or recurrence of once-controlled diseases. Evidence shows that the popularity of travel can impact health through imported infections and illness. Imported cutaneous myiasis, a type of skin lesion, has attracted the attention of the current authors. This condition often occurs among travelers and it has been reported in several non-endemic countries. However, diagnosis of myiasis and identification of the larvae are difficult. Advances in molecular detection techniques could provide a new way to identify larvae. This study used sequencing of the 28S rRNA gene and morphology to identify the larva infesting the upper arm of a Chinese woman returning from Uganda. The larva was identified as Cordylobia anthropophaga (C. anthropophaga) and the sequences were submitted to GenBank (accession number: KM506761). As foreign interaction increases, imported health problems may become more common in China. Knowledge about various pathogens needs to be increased and molecular methods need to be used to accurately identify those pathogens.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous myiasis is the infestation of the skin by larvae (maggots) of the order Diptera (two winged). Being an imported and sporadic illness, furuncular myiasis often poses a diagnostic challenge to the treating physician. This traditionally endemic entity is being more frequently reported worldwide as ‘vacation’ disease in travellers returning from these regions. However, there is a paucity of large scale study, especially on individuals occupationally stationed for longer periods of time in these endemic geographic locations. METHODS: Sixteen Indian male patients with cutaneous furuncular myiasis presenting to dermatology outpatient department at a tertiary care field hospital deployed in a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Central Africa were studied for clinical presentation, sites involved, larvae/maggot extracted, period of resolution and complications if any. RESULTS: Average age of patients was 29 years. The average duration of infestation was 4 days. All lesions were found to be confined to sites over body normally covered with clothing, commonest being anterior abdomen in 9 (56.25%) patients followed by chest in 6 (37.5%) patients. The lesion count was also highest on anterior abdomen with 39 lesions. The average time to resolution following extraction of larvae (Cordylobia anthropophaga) was 6 days. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this study was to familiarize oneself with an endemic infestation which often masquerades itself as pyoderma to the naïve physician, more so in an imported case or more importantly, an ‘exported’ health care professional.

Skin disorders are the third most common reason for consultation on return from travelling.1 Myiasis is the fourth most common condition diagnosed.2 The two species most often responsible for myiasis are Dermatobia hominis in Latin America and Cordylobia anthropophaga in Africa.3 C . anthropophaga or Tumbu fly is a sub-Saharian African peri-domestic fly.2 Its larvae, also called Cayor Worm is responsible for the furuncular-like lesions seen in animals and accidentally in humans, as well, more frequently in infants. Soils, sheets or wet clothes are usually contaminated by droppings on which female flies lay their eggs. After prolonged contact, larvae actively penetrate the skin, where they grow in about 10 days, causing multiple injuries.4 The need for prolonged contact explains the characteristic location of lesions on covered areas, in particular areas such as the buttocks.4 Progression of the condition is marked by the …

Aim: The study was designed to evaluate the common pathogenic bacteria associated with cutaneous canine myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga, and their prevalence in relation to breed, sex and age of the infested dogs. Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred and thirty three (133) myiasis wound swabs and Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae were collected from infested dogs and analyzed for pathogenic bacteria using microscopic, cultural and biochemical methods. Results: The most commonly encountered bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus 75 (56.4%), Streptococcus spp. 16 (12%) and Escherichia coli 7 (5.3%). Other organisms isolated include, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacteria species, while mixed infection of S. aureus and Streptococcus spp were also observed. The rate of infection was found to be highest among the age groups 1–20 weeks and least in the 91 – 100 (week) age groups. The breed of dogs mostly infected with these bacteria was the local breed (Mongrel) while the German shepherd /Alsatian breeds were the least infected and with 58.6% (78) and 4.5% (6) percentage respectively. Male dogs showed more propensities to bacterial infection of all the types isolated and accounted for 60.9% (81) in contrast to the female dogs with 39.11% (52) infection rate. Pure bacteria isolates were frequently encountered 94.7% (126), while mixed infection accounted for just 5.3% (7). Conclusion: Our results indicates that several pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria are associated with C. antropophaga myiasis in dogs, and should serve as concern for pet owners and veterinarians. [Vet World 2012; 5(10.000): 617-620]

Cordylobia anthropophaga (Blanchard) Dhee Ain (Al-Mekhwa) 19.55459° N, 41.26302° E: May 2012., Published as part of El-Hawagry, Magdi S., Sharaf, Mostafa R., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Fadl, Hassan H. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2015, Addenda to the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with zoogeographical notes, pp. 1209-1236 in Journal of Natural History 50 on page 1227, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1103913, http://zenodo.org/record/3990247

Background Domestic cavies (Cavia porcellus) are increasingly reared in rural areas of Cameroon for meat and income generation. Unfortunately, health constraints due to various pathogens including parasites stand as one of the major obstacles to the development of cavy industry in the country. The main objective of this study was to investigate the species of gastrointestinal parasites in cavy husbandry in the western highlands of Cameroon and to detect external parasites in those animals affected with dermatological disorders. Methods Pooled fecal samples were collected from 62 privately-own farms, as well as individual fecal samples from 21 animals at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang, and examined for parasite eggs and oocysts/cysts. Ectoparasites were also collected from cavies and identified. Results The overall infection rate with both helminthes and arthropods was 40.3 %. Ectoparasites were found in 19 out of 62 farms (30.6 %) while 12.9 % of farms were infected with helminthes. Eggs of Graphidium strigosum (8.1 %), Trichostrongylus sp. (3.2 %) and Paraspidodera uncinata (3.2 %) were found at farm level. Oocysts of Eimeria caviae and eggs of Paraspidodera uncinata were found in 14.3 and 9.5 % of examined animals respectively. Concerning ectoparasites, Cordylobia anthropophaga and Pulex sp. were observed in 25.8 % and 6.6 % of farms respectively. Conclusion The parasites are apparently composed of host-specific species in the original habitat (South America) and species acquired later from other mammals. These parasites are either deleterious to cavy health or zoonotic. Preventive measures should be put in practice to avoid their presence on farms due to their harmful effect on cavy rearing.

Furuncular myiasis is a parasitic infestation of human and other vertebrate tissues by fly larvae of primarily two species: Dermatobia hominis (human botfly, t6rsalo, or berne) in Mexico and South and Central America and Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly or mango fly) in Africa. Cuterebra species (rabbit and rodent botflies) are also rarely reported to cause furuncular myiasis only within the United States. Although these species inhabit different geographic regions and have different life cycles, their clinical presentations can be similar. We describe a case of "imported" human botfly (D. hominis) furuncular myiasis in a U.S. Army soldier stationed in Germany. We review the life cycles of human botflies and key aspects of their clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and various therapeutic modalities. Most physicians may never encounter myiasis and attribute a patient's complaints to an insect bite or skin infection that will heal without treatment. However, the diagnosis of furuncular myiasis should be considered by remembering the basic elements of this condition: recent travel history to the tropics and a sterile, persistent furuncle with sensations of movement and pain.

Résumé Nous rapportons un cas de myiase préputiale chez un enfant qui a consulté pour une tuméfaction pénienne douloureuse faisant croire à une balanoposthite. Le traitement a consisté à une extraction manuelle du ver suivie d’une circoncision. L’examen parasitologique du ver a permis d’identifier une larve de Cordylobia anthropophaga de stade 3. À travers cette observation et une revue de la littérature, nous allons discuter des particularités épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des myiases humaines.

A scanning electron microscopy study of the third larval instar of Cordylobia rodhaini Gedoelst (Diptera: Calliphoridae), causing obligatory furuncular myiasis, is presented here for the first time. The larvae were collected from a patient exposed to them in the tropical rainforest of Kibale National Park (Uganda). Distinctive features are described in sequence from the anterior region to the posterior region, highlighting the morphological features of antennae, maxillary palps, structures related to mouth opening, sensory structures, thoracic and abdominal spines, and anterior and posterior spiracles. The results are compared with those of other Calyptrata flies, mainly from the family Calliphoridae and, when possible, with Cordylobia anthropophaga Blanchard (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the only other species of genus Cordylobia investigated by scanning electron microscopy.

Resumen —Miasis es un termino que significa la infestacion de organos y tejidos de vertebrados por dipteros, habitualmente moscas. Presentamos dos casos de miasis forunculoide, poco frecuentes en nuestro pais, ya que las especies de moscas que producen este tipo de miasis no habitan en Espana. El primero se trataba de una miasis producida por Cordylobia anthropophaga o mosca tumbu que habita en Africa, en el sur del Sahara. El segundo de los casos estaba producido por Dermatobia hominis, conocida como torsalo, berne o moscardon de los humanos, comun en America Central y Sudamerica. Las lesiones consistian en nodulos cutaneos, con ulceracion superficial de la que emergian las larvas. Estas larvas fueron estudiadas histopatologicamente, prestando especial atencion a las caracteristicas que permiten diferenciar las dos especies.

Myiasis-causing larvae were extracted from dogs attending veterinary clinics in Plateau State, Nigeria and subjected to molecular analysis involving polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 28S rRNA gene of blowflies, cloning and sequencing techniques. All larvae were confirmed as Cordylobia anthropophaga Blanchard (Diptera: Calliphoridae) after the initial morphological identification. This is the first molecular identification of any myiasis-causing fly species in Nigeria and may serve as a reliable alternative to morphological identification where samples are not well preserved or difficult to identify to species level.

We report a case of furuncular myiasis complicated by Staphylococcus aureus infection and beta-hemolytic streptococcal cellulitis. The Dermatobia hominis larva that caused this lesion could not be extracted using standard methods, including suffocation and application of lateral pressure, and surgery was contraindicated because of cellulitis. The botfly maggot was completely and rapidly extracted with an inexpensive, disposable, commercial venom extractor.