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1. Trade-offs between land conservation and agricultural production: Case study of the Spanish Lookout area and the Belize Maya Forest Reserve

Author

Castro Rojas, Tomas and Castro Rojas, Tomas

Abstract

Habitat destruction (evidenced in land use change) represents one of the biggest threats to environmental resources and biodiversity. In the tropics, this threat is maximized as deforestation frontiers have expanded into natural ecosystems at increasing rates over the last decades for agricultural cropping and livestock husbandry. Protected areas have been conventionally established against this growing threat, although their success is often not certain. Furthermore, they do not reduce nor address the drivers for agricultural expansion, thus exacerbating the conflict between the two modes of land management. This thesis will focus on the case of Spanish Lookout, an agricultural-based community located to the south of a newly-established protected area: The Belize Maya Forest. This thesis will aim to analyze the tradeoffs between agricultural production and conservation in the area of Spanish Lookout from 2000-2010 using remote sensing and statistical analysis.

Published
2022

2. Trade‐offs between biodiversity and agriculture are moving targets in dynamic landscapes

Author

Andrea Paula Goijman, Leandro Macchi, Asunción Semper-Pascual, Francisco Murray, Gregorio I. Gavier-Pizarro, Matías E. Mastrangelo, Tobias Kuemmerle, María Piquer-Rodríguez, Pedro G. Blendinger, and Julieta Decarre

Subjects
Biodiversity, Biodiversidad, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Deforestation, Land Use, Región Chaqueña, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Ecology, Land use, business.industry, Agroforestry, Agricultura, Trade offs, DEFORESTATION FRONTIERS, LAND-USE INTENSITY, Agriculture, GRAN CHACO, Adaptive management, Geography, TROPICAL DRY FORESTS AND SAVANNAS, MULTI-SPECIES OCCUPANCY, Deforestación, BIRD ASSEMBLAGES, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, business, Utilización de la Tierra
Abstract

Understanding how biodiversity responds to intensifying agriculture is critical to mitigating the trade‐offs between them. These trade‐offs are particularly strong in tropical and subtropical deforestation frontiers, yet it remains unclear how changing landscape context in such frontiers alters agriculture–biodiversity trade–offs. We focus on the Argentinean Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, to explore how landscape context shapes trade‐off curves between agricultural intensity and avian biodiversity. We use a space‐for‐time approach and integrate a large field dataset of bird communities (197 species, 234 survey plots), three agricultural intensity metrics (meat yield, energy yield and profit) and a range of environmental covariates in a hierarchical Bayesian occupancy framework. Woodland extent in the landscape consistently determines how individual bird species, and the bird community as a whole, respond to agricultural intensity. Many species switch in their fundamental response, from decreasing occupancy with increased agricultural intensity when woodland extent in the landscape is low (loser species), to increasing occupancy with increased agricultural intensity when woodland extent is high (winner species). This suggests that landscape context strongly mediates who wins and loses along agricultural intensity gradients. Likewise, where landscapes change, such as in deforestation frontiers, the very nature of the agriculture–biodiversity trade–offs can change as landscapes transformation progresses. Synthesis and applications . Schemes to mitigate agriculture–biodiversity trade–offs, such as land sparing or sharing, must consider landscape context. Strategies that are identified based on a snapshot of data risk failure in dynamic landscapes, particularly where agricultural expansion continues to reduce natural habitats. Rather than a single, fixed strategy, adaptive management of agriculture–biodiversity trade–offs is needed in such situations. Here we provide a toolset for considering changing landscape contexts when exploring such trade‐offs. This can help to better align agriculture and biodiversity in tropical and subtropical deforestation frontiers. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Fil: Macchi, Leandro. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina Fil: Goijman, Andrea Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina Fil: Mastrangelo, Matias Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Blendinger, Pedro G. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; Argentina. Fil: Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina Fil: Murray, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis. Agencia de Extensión Rural San Luis; Argentina Fil: Piquer Rodriguez, María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Semper-Pascal, Asunción. Humboldt-University Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania. Humboldt-University Berlin. Integrative Research Institute for Transformations in Human Environment Systems; Alemania

Published
2020

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