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Coastaleutrophicationis a major issue worldwide, also affecting the Baltic Sea and its coastal waters. Effective management responses to coastal eutrophication require good understanding of the interacting coastal pressures from land, the open sea, and the atmosphere, and associatedcoastal ecosystemimpacts. In this study, we investigate how research on Baltic coastal eutrophication has handled these interactions so far and what key research gaps still remain. We do this through a scoping review, identifying 832 scientific papers with a focus on Baltic coastal eutrophication. These are categorized in terms of study focus, methods, and consideration of coastal system components and land-coast-sea interactions. The coastal component categories include coastal functions (including also socio-economic driver aspects), pressures that are natural (or mediated by a natural process or system) or directly anthropogenic, and management responses. The classification results show that considerably more studies focus on coastal eutrophication pressures (52%) or impacts (39%) than on characterizing the coastal eutrophication itself (20%). Moreover, few studies investigate pressures and impacts together, indicating that feedbacks are understudied. Regarding methods, more studies focus on data collection (62%) than on linking and synthetic methods (44%; e.g., modelling), and very few studies useremote sensing(6%) or participatory (3%) methods. Coastal links with land and open sea are mentioned but much less investigated. Among the coastal functions, studies considering ecological aspects are dominant, but much fewer studies investigate human aspects and the coastal filter function. Among the coastal pressures, studies considering nutrient loads are dominant, but much fewer studies investigate the sources of these loads, especially long-lived legacy sources and possible solutions for their mitigation. Overall, few studies investigate synergies, trade-offs and incentives for various solutions to address cross-scale multi-solution management. Link to the publication:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972203337X?via%3Dihub

Hydrochemical constituents in streams may originate from currently active sources at the surface and/or legacy sources from earlier surface inputs, waste deposits and land contamination. Distinction and quantification of these source contributions are needed for improved interpretation of tracer data and effective reduction of waterborne environmental pollutants. This article develops a methodology that recognizes and quantifies some general mechanistic differences in stream concentration and load behavior versus discharge between such source contributions. The methodology is applied to comparative analysis of stream concentration data for chloride (Cl−), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), and corresponding data for water discharge, measured over the period 1990–2018 in multiple hydrological catchments (19 for Cl−, 11 for Cu and Zn, 10 for Pb) around the major Lake Mälaren in Sweden. For Cl−, the average load fraction of active sources is quantified to be 19%, and the average active and legacy concentration contributions as 2.9 and 11 mg/L, respectively. For the metals, the average active load fractions at outlets are 1%–3% over all catchments and 9%–14% in the relatively few catchments with mixed metal sources. Average active and legacy concentration contributions are 0.14 and 3.2 μg/L for Cu, 0.05 and 1.5 μg/L for Pb, and 1.4 and 12 μg/L for Zn, respectively. This multi-catchment analysis thus indicates a widespread prevalence of legacy sources, with greater legacy than active concentration contributions for both Cl−and the metals, and active contributions playing a greater role for chloride than for the metals. The relatively simple first-order methodology developed and applied in the study can be used to screen commonly available stream monitoring data for possible distinction of active and legacy contributions of any hydrochemical constituent in and across various hydrological catchment settings. Available at:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.14280

There is fragmented understanding of the interactions of environmental and socioeconomic systems, sectors and processes involved in coastal water quality evolution around the world. Environmental policies applying to the coastal environment also have either a land or a sea perspective. As such, the policies may be ill-adapted to support improvements of complex coastal environments that represent the interface of and link the land and sea systems. For instance, environmental regulations in the Baltic Sea region have not yet managed to sufficiently mitigate coastal eutrophication. To make policies relevant and effective, stakeholder perceptions of the environmental and socioeconomic interactions that determine the state of the coastal environment also need to be included in modelling for policy support. Such modelling approaches can facilitate knowledge integration and be a basis for synergistic efforts for coastal environment improvement. For such facilitation and for bridging the gap between land and sea policy perspectives on coastal environmental management, this study considers and models stakeholder-perceived environmental and socioeconomic interactions in a linked land-coast-sea system. To determine stakeholder perceptions of these interactions, multiple actors representing various inland, coastal, and marine sectors in the Swedish water management district Northern Baltic Proper have been engaged in a series of workshops to codevelop a system network diagram (SND) for the district’s land-coast-sea system. The co-developed SND is used in semi-quantitative modelling of coastal water quality behaviour under various human pressure and hydro-climatic conditions. Results show that synergistic multi-scale, transboundary and multi-actor measures are needed to improve coastal water quality, even locally. The measures also need to address the impacts of both currently active sources and legacy sources (accumulated over time from past to-present inputs) of nutrients. A fully-quantitative systems dynamics (SD) model is further developed, based on the system behaviour insights gained from the semi-quantitative interaction modelling. This is used for scenario analysis that can support policy by determining effective nutrient management pathways for meeting coastal water quality challenges under various possible socioeconomic developments along with climatic change. Nutrient contributionsto coastal waters from different sectors in the study region are then quantified considering the water and nutrient exchanges among the sectors and the natural water environments throughout the linked land-coast-sea system. Scenario outcomes are analysed based on a set of key performance indicators for the coastal environment. Such results can guide the development of effective environmental policies for coastal water quality and ecosystem management in the studied Baltic system and other coastal areas around the world. The booklet of abstracts can be found here:https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/event/2021-eu-conference-modelling-policy-support-collaborating-across-disciplines-tackle-key_en

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-asw-10.1177_11786221211028185 for Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe: A Synthesis of National Perspectives by Nieves Fernandez-Anez, Andrey Krasovskiy, Mortimer Müller, Harald Vacik, Jan Baetens, Emira Hukić, Marijana Kapovic Solomun, Irena Atanassova, Maria Glushkova, Igor Bogunović, Hana Fajković, Hakan Djuma, George Boustras, Martin Adámek, Miloslav Devetter, Michaela Hrabalikova, Dalibor Huska, Petra Martínez Barroso, Magdalena Daria Vaverková, David Zumr, Kalev Jõgiste, Marek Metslaid, Kajar Koster, Egle Köster, Jukka Pumpanen, Caius Ribeiro-Kumara, Simone Di Prima, Amandine Pastor, Cornelia Rumpel, Manuel Seeger, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Evangelia Daskalakou, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Maria P. Papadopoulou, Kosmas Stampoulidis, Gavriil Xanthopoulos, Réka Aszalós, Deák Balázs, Miklós Kertész, Orsolya Valkó, David C. Finger, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Jessica Till, Sofia Bajocco, Antonio Gelsomino, Antonio Minervino Amodio, Agata Novara, Luca Salvati, Luciano Telesca, Nadia Ursino, Aris Jansons, Mara Kitenberga, Normunds Stivrins, Gediminas Brazaitis, Vitas Marozas, Olesea Cojocaru, Iachim Gumeniuc, Victor Sfecla, Anton Imeson, Sander Veraverbeke, Ragni Fjellgaard Mikalsen, Eugeniusz Koda, Piotr Osinski, Ana C. Meira Castro, João Pedro Nunes, Duarte Oom, Diana Vieira, Teodor Rusu, Srđan Bojović, Dragana Djordjevic, Zorica Popovic, Milan Protic, Sanja Sakan, Jan Glasa, Danica Kacikova, Lubomir Lichner, Andrea Majlingova, Jaroslav Vido, Mateja Ferk, Jure Tičar, Matija Zorn, Vesna Zupanc, M. Belén Hinojosa, Heike Knicker, Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja, Juli Pausas, Nuria Prat-Guitart, Xavier Ubeda, Lara Vilar, Georgia Destouni, Navid Ghajarnia, Zahra Kalantari, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Turgay Dindaroglu, Tugrul Yakupoglu, Thomas Smith, Stefan Doerr and Artemi Cerda in Air, Soil and Water Research