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Since December 2019, the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises a real public health problem. COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan (Hubei province) in China. Drugs that have been used in rheumatology for decades seem to be effective in this infection and are for the most part being studied. The rational use of these anti-rheumatic drugs is based on the cytokinic storm (hyperproduction of IL1, IL6, TNF α) in the body by COVID-19 in its severe form. In this review, the authors make the difference between the infectious and auto-inflammatory part of COVID-19; the disease does not seem to be a risk factor for admission to the intensive care unit for patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatism; however, the poverty of studies on this subject should be noted. The authors also review anti-rheumatic drugs while studying COVID-19 treatment.

Objective: This study was focused on depression rate and associated factors in chronic lumbosciatica in sub-Saharan African black patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive and analytical study in chronic lumbosciatica cases seen in rheumatology/internal medicine, neurology and neurosurgery departement at the Yalgado ouedraogo University Hospital Center from April 31, 2016 to July 31, 2016. The diagnosis of depression was based on Hamilton scale. Its frequency was evaluated and the associated factors were analyzed. Results: One hundred and forty-nine patients were included in the study. Their average age was 49.5 years and the sex ratio was 0.42 (44 men/105 women). Thirty-eight patients lived alone (25.5%). Pain intensity was severe in 46 patients (30.9%) and moderate in 77 patients (51.7%). Neuropathic pain was present in 108 patients (72.5%). One hundred and ten patients had depression (73.8%). Depression was severe in 38 patients (25.5%), moderate in 35 patients (23.5%), and mild in 37 patients (24.8%). Factors associated with depression were living alone (Odds-Ratio 3.5), high (Odds-Ratio 11.1) or moderate (Odds-Ratio 5.9) intensity of pain, and the presence of neuropathic pain (Odds-Ratio 2.5). Conclusion: Depression was frequent during chronic lumbosciatica in sub-Saharan African black patients. Its associated factors were living alone, presence of moderate or severe pain, and neuropathic pain.

Objective: To study the frequency and factors associated with depression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among Black African patients. Patients and methods: It was a case-control study with a group of patients with RA (case) and a group of healthy subjects without rheumatoid arthritis (con-trols) matched by age and sex. All patients admitted to the rheumatologic department during February 2015 to July 2015 for rheumatoid arthritis meeting the criteria ACR/EULAR 2010, were included. Patients with high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, renal failure or HIV infection have been excluded. Depression was assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results: Fifty patients with RA were included and compared to 100 healthy controls. For RA patients, it was 39 (78%) female and 11 (22%) male with a sex ratio of 0.28. In the control group, it was 77 (77%) female and 23 (23%) male with a sex ratio of 0.29. Twenty-seven (54%) patients with RA had depression compared with 17 (17%) subjects in the control group (p = 0.000). Impaired quality of life and a DAS 28 score greater than 3.2 were statistically associated with depression during RA with a p value respectively of 0.021 and 0.0000231. Conclusion: Depres-sion is significantly more common during RA than in non-RA controls. RA patients should be screened routinely for depression in order to ensure improved treatment and management.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection that appeared in December 2019. The risk of infection seems to be increased in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases due to both immune disturbances related to the disease and treatment. In this case report, we describe the clinical features of 5 rheumatic immune disease patients with the concomitant presence of COVID-19. Among these patients, 3 had rheumatoid arthritis and 2 had systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients’ age ranged between 38 and 63 years. Only one patient (SLE) had a severe subtype of COVID-19. All the patients were cured of COVID-19 and were subsequently discharged.

Introduction: A bite from another human is an unusual cause of maxillo-facial traumatology. Our objective was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of labial lesions caused by this kind of bite. Patients and methods: A descriptive prospective study was carried out at the University hospitals of Yalgado OUEDRAOGO and Blaise COMPAORE in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso between June 2012 and May 2017. Results: We collected a sample of 28 patients with an average age of 32.5 years. The sex ratio was about 0.3. All the bites had been inflicted by women. The victims generally came from an underprivileged socioprofessional background. The bite had occurred during a brawl in 26 patients (92.9% cases) and in some context of aggression among 2 patients. The lesions were located on the lower lip among 21 patients, the upper lip among 4 patients, and along the commissure among 3 patients and resulted in a loss of tissue among 23 patients (82.1%). The treatment was surgical in nature, using trimming and labialization with satisfactory results in all cases. Conclusion: The circumstances surrounding the bites are not always clear and the lesions are almost always serious and require delicate treatment.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, few studies exist on elderly HIV-positive populations. Therefore, we aimed to examine the profiles of elderly people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Burkina Faso and their response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We reviewed the monitoring and treatment of PLHIV over the age of 50 years and then compared with the monitoring and treatment of PLHIV under 50 years. Results: A total of 3367 patients were included. The median age of elderly people was 54.5 years and of young people was 34.9 years ( P = .03). In both the groups, screening was performed following clinical suspicion (64.9% in elderly versus 56% in young people; P < .001). Cardiovascular risk factors were generally more significant in the elderly people. The risk of death while on ART was 2.3 times higher in elderly people ( P < .001). Conclusion: HIV infection in older people occurs in those who already have some cardiovascular risk factors. Particular attention should be given to multidisciplinary care for the elderly individuals.

La varicelle est une virose dont l'épidémiologie est mal connue au Burkina Faso. Cette étude s'est donnée pour objectif de décrire le profil hospitalier de la pathologie dans le service des maladies infectieuses du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHU-YO). Il s'est agi d'une série de 19 patients hospitalisés entre le 1er janvier 2005 et le 31 décembre 2014. Ont été inclus, tous les patients avec un dossier complet et exploitable, dont le diagnostic positif de varicelle a été fait. La proportion périodique de varicelle était de 6,2% et a représenté 14,6% des éruptions fébriles. Elle était plus fréquente en 2011, de janvier à mars. L'âge médian était de 19 ans, et la moitié des patients avaient entre 6 et 30 ans. Les comorbidités étaient dominées par l'infection à VIH et l'herpès. Sur le plan clinique, la fièvre et le prurit étaient les symptômes communs et la vésicule la principale éruption. A l'admission, les principales complications étaient pulmonaires, hématologiques et cutanées. La durée médiane d'hospitalisation était de 5 jours, avec des extrêmes de 0 et 13 jours. Les principaux traitements étaient antiviral dans 9 cas, antipyrétique dans 19 cas, local dans 17 cas et antihistaminique dans 11 cas. Sur 19 cas de varicelle, 14 ont guéri et deux sont décédés, dont un adulte sur 10 et 1 enfant sur 9. Si la varicelle est une affection habituellement bénigne, elle peut être fatale chez l'adulte et l'enfant en cas de complications graves.

Objectif : Nous avons mene une etude retrospective dans le but de presenter les caracteristiques des cancers de la cavite buccale a travers une comparaison entre les deux sexes au CHU Yalgado Ouedraogo (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso). Patients et methodes : Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective a partir de l’examen des dossiers de 79 patients recus en consultation entre janvier 2003 et decembre 2014. Tous les patients avec un diagnostic histologique d’une tumeur maligne intra-orale ont ete inclus. Les caracteristiques demographiques des patients (âge, sexe) et les principales caracteristiques des tumeurs malignes (localisation, type histologique) ont ete explorees. Les variables ont ete comparees selon le sexe a l’aide du test T de Student. Resultats : Nous avons collige 79 patients âges en moyenne de 56 ans. La predominance feminine etait nette (sex ratio = 0,55). Les femmes etaient a 90,2 % sans emploi tandis que la proportion d’hommes sans emploi s’elevait a 60,7 % (p = 0,004). Les hommes etaient tous fumeurs alors que la majorite des femmes chiquaient le tabac. Chez les sujets masculins, les cancers de la langue etaient les plus frequents (32,1 %), suivis des cancers du palais et des cancers de la joue. Chez les femmes, les localisations les plus frequentes etaient les levres (37,3 %), la joue et la gencive. Les hommes ont consulte a des stades plus avances que les femmes. Le carcinome epidermoide etait predominant dans les deux sexes. Conclusion : Le bas niveau socio-economique joue probablement un role important dans cette predominance feminine.

Introduction : L’objectif de cette etude etait de contribuer a l’amelioration de la prise en charge des accidents d’evolution de la dent de sagesse inferieure au centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo. Patients et methode : Il s’agit d’une etude de cohorte descriptive allant du 01/01/2010 au 31/12/2012. Resultats : Nous avons enregistre 110 cas d’accidents d’evolution de la dent de sagesse inferieure. La tranche d’âge de 20 a 30 ans etait la plus touchee avec une predominance feminine (57,7 %). Les eleves et les etudiants (52,7 %) etaient les plus representes. La douleur, retrouvee dans 59,1 % des cas, a ete le principal motif de consultation. Le type de malposition le plus frequent etait la dent de sagesse inferieure enclavee (81,3 %) en position mesio-angulaire (56,6 %), le plus souvent bilaterale. Les accidents infectieux et nerveux etaient le plus frequemment rencontres. Le traitement etait l’avulsion des dents de sagesse sous anesthesie generale ou sous anesthesie locale. Conclusion : Un depistage precoce suivi d’une germectomie permettrait de reduire la morbidite liee aux accidents d’evolution de la dent de sagesse inferieure.

Objective: To study the quality of life of patients with knee OA with the questionnaire OAKHQOL (OsteoArthritis of Knee Hip Quality Of Life). Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study over a period of six months, in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. All patients met the clinical and radiological criteria of the ACR. The OAKHQOL questionnaire was used to investigate the quality of life of patients. Results: One hundred and six patients were included. There were 94 (88.7%) women and 12 (11.3%) men with a sex ratio of 0.12. The average age of patients was 55 ± 10.4 years. The average pain intensity was 55.1 ± 22.4. The majority of patients (69.8%) had stage 3 of Kellgren and Lawrence classification. The dimension “pain” had the lowest normalized score (60.6). There was a significant correlation between the age range of 30 to 40 years and declining mental health (49.5) . The patients with over 60 years of age had a decrease in pain tolerance and reduced social activities. Lequesne score was associated with severe all dimensions except “social support” of the patient. Conclusion: The knee has an impact on quality of life of patients followed in rheumatology by OAKHQOL questionnaire.

Le psoriasis est une dermatose inflammatoire erythemato-squameuse, d’evolution chronique. Ses aspects sociodemographiques et ses variantes cliniques sont peu connus en Afrique de l’ouest. Il s’est agit d’une etude retrospective et prospective menee du 1er janvier 2009 au 30 juin 2012. Tous les patients qui avaient un dossier exploitable etaient inclus. Nous avons recense 94 cas de psoriasis sur 14952 consultants, soit une prevalence hospitaliere de 0,62%. Mais 84 cas repondaient aux criteres d’inclusion. L’âge moyen des patients etait de 34,53 ans, le sex-ratio de 1,47. Les menageres, les eleves et les fonctionnaires etaient les plus representes. Le prurit etait retrouve dans 54,8% des cas. Les lesions elementaires cutanees etaient surtout erythemato-squameuses (79 cas). Celles ungueales etaient surtout a type de depression cupuliforme (8 cas). Le cuir chevelu, les coudes et les genoux etaient les zones bastions les plus touchees (respectivement 53,57%, 45,23%, et 40,47%). Le psoriasis etait vulgaire dans 30 cas et grave dans 7 cas. L’examen histopathologique etait realise chez 11 patients. Malgre certaines insuffisances de description qui ne nous ont pas permis de calculer le score de PASI, cette etude a atteint ses objectifs. Les particularites de cette serie etaient la predominance masculine, la prevalence elevee du prurit et l’atteinte elevee du cuir chevelu. Les formes graves de psoriasis doivent faire rechercher une association a l’infection a VIH. Une etude en population permettrait de determiner avec exactitude la prevalence du psoriasis au Burkina Faso. Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 23:110

Background: Age is a key determinant of mortality due to diseases including HIV infection. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive cohort study used a computerized database to compare HIV-infected patients diagnosed in late adulthood to a group of patients diagnosed before their 49 years of age, without matching the characteristics of HIV infection. The study included patients who visited the day hospital (outpatient clinic) of the Sanou Souro Teaching Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso, from January 2007 to December 2011. Older adults were defined as those aged 50 years and more. Results: Participants in the study consisted of 2572 patients (265 older adults and 2307 young patients living with HIV. Based on Markov chain method, 32.1% of the older adults living with HIV were found to be seroconvert at 50 years or older. The median follow-up time on antiretroviral treatment (ART) was 32.7 months (range 0.03-65.4 months). Two hundred and ninety-five (11.5%) patients died, including 21.1% of older adults and 10.4% of young ( P < .01). World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 and the lowest CD4 count reached 3 were the factors associated with early mortality of older adults on ART. Conclusion: Mortality rate of older adult patients living with HIV in Burkina Faso is high. Early diagnosis, early treatment, and primary prevention of HIV infection in the older adults are the main keys that could help reduce such mortality.

In some developing countries wire is still widely used in facial fractures internal fixation. This study presents the effectiveness and complications of wire osteosynthesis in a university teaching hospital in Burkina Faso and discusses some of its other benefits and disadvantages. Notes of 227 patients with facial fractures treated by wire internal fixation at department of stomatology and maxillofacial surgery of CHU Souro Sanou, Burkina Faso between 2006 and 2010 are reviewed retrospectively. A satisfactory treatment outcome was recorded in 91.2% of the 227 patients. Complications occurred in 8.8% of the patients who had operative site infection (3.1%), malocclusion (1.8%), sensory disturbance (1.8), facial asymmetry (1.3%), delayed bone union (0.9%) or enophtalmos (0.4%). The overall complications rate was 7.4% after mandibular osteosynthesis, 6.9% after Le Fort osteosynthesis and 6.5% after zygoma osteosynthesis. Post operative infections occurred irrespective to the surgical site. The other complications were more specific to the surgical site. Wire internal fixation may be a reasonable alternative for the surgical treatment of non-comminuted facial fractures and those without bone substance loss, in the setting of limited resources.

Septic arthritis is a medical emergency. The causative organisms are primarily staphylococcus and streptococcus. Aeromonas hydrophila septic arthritis seems to be rare. We report one case observed in a 58-year-old patient infected with HIV serotype 1 and treated by zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. CD4 count was 413 cells per microliter and viral load undetectable. Two blood cultures were A. hydrophila positive. The evolution was favorable after treatment by ceftriaxone and gentamicin.