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Reactors based on particle suspensions for the capture, conversion, storage, and use of solar energy as H2 are projected to be cost-competitive with fossil fuels. In light of this, this review paper summarizes state-of-the-art particle light absorbers and cocatalysts as suspensions (photocatalysts) that demonstrate visible-light-driven water splitting on the laboratory scale. Also presented are reactor descriptions, theoretical considerations particular to particle suspension reactors, and efficiency and performance characterization metrics. Opportunities for targeted research, analysis, and development of reactor designs are highlighted.

Determining precise boundaries between different territorial units is challenging due to various factors. Slovenia serves as example of country where defining boundaries of spatial units is full of challenges due to country’s diversity in various aspects. In architectural profession, it is possible to determine boundaries of architectural landscapes based on differences in placement of objects and their design. The work requires significant amount of data on buildings, which need to be processed and sensibly organized. In 1990s, Fister and colleagues delineated architectural landscapes and regions of Slovenia. However, even then, authors warned about the problem of changing building characteristics that define specific architectural landscapes or regions, and instability or possible alteration of boundaries between them. Some other disciplines also deal with similar problems where boundary-defining characteristics change. Several decades have passed since Slovenia’s first consideration of its architectural regions and landscapes, marked by devaluation of architectural identity and emergence of new building forms and purposes. As part of Targeted research project Architectural typologies and architectural landscapes and regions of Slovenia, we aimed to assess current situation in this field using various tools and the Method for Determining Architecturally Conditioned Spatial Identity (MAPPI). The detailed analysis of settlement of Prebold revealed significant impact of construction of new buildings in recent decades and the devaluation of architectural identity. This case has raised new questions, such as regulation of architectural appearance in characteristic areas, while also demonstrating the practical value of the MAPPI method for determining boundaries between architectural regions and landscapes.

Abstract Objectives Guided implant systems can be used as a training approach for placing implants. This in vitro prospective randomized pilot study evaluated the learning progression and skill development in freehand placement of two implants supporting a three‐unit fixed prosthesis on a simulation model among novice operators. Material and Methods Four senior dental students with no prior implant placement experience participated in the study. As a baseline, each student placed two mandibular and two maxillary implants by freehand technique on a simulation model. Sixteen consecutive guided placements using a static guide, dynamic navigation, and template‐based guide followed totaling 32 guided implant placements into maxillary and mandibular models. Freehand implant placements before and after the various guided navigation attempts were compared to assess their impact on freehand skill. Metrics compared included surgical time, horizontal, vertical, and angulation discrepancies between the planned and placed implant positions measured on superimposed CBCT scans and analyzed with repeated measures regression with Tukey's adjusted pairwise comparisons (α = .05). Results Before training with guided techniques, the average baseline freehand implant placement took 10.2 min and decreased to 8.2 after training but this difference was not statistically significant (p = .1670) There was marginal evidence of a significant difference in the 3D apex deviation with an average improvement of 0.89 mm (95% CI: −0.38, 2.16, p = .1120); and marginal evidence of a significant improvement in the overall angle with an average improvement of 3.74° (95% CI: −1.00, 8.48, p = .0869) between baseline and final freehand placement attempts. Conclusions Within the limitations of this pilot study, guided implant placement experiences did not significantly benefit or hinder freehand placement skills. Dental students should be exposed to various placement techniques to prepare them for clinical practice and allow them to make informed decisions on the best technique based on their skills and a given clinical scenario.

The mechanism of methanol oxidation over highly dispersed 1% MoO3/SiO2 was studied using a combination of steady state and transient kinetic measurements together with in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations of surface-adsorbed species. Quantitative FTIR measurements indicated that the number of the methoxide species on the silica support was about six times larger than the number of Mo centers.

The applicability of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) method in studying the kinetics of molecular transfer between microparticles suspended in aqueous solution is demonstrated. The demonstration founded that the transfer of malachite green (MG) from the polystyrene sulfate (PSS) particles to clay particles can be monitored in real time by measuring the surface population of MG remaining on the polystyrene (PSS) particles.

The structure of Mo centers in supported molybdenum oxide catalysts are characterized by using Raman, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopies. The structure of a series of silica-, alumina-, and titania-supported catalysis by a variety of techniques is studied and the results are compared to predictions from theoretical calculations.

Background and Objectives: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and survival is a pressing matter all around the world. Despite years of research and great strides and advancements, survival remains alarmingly low. The aim of this study was to measure the survival and characteristics of patients having an OHCA in Slovenia, with an in-depth look at how the bystanders affect the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival of OHCA. Materials and Methods: In this observational cross-sectional prospective study, we enrolled patients between 1 September 2022 and 30 November 2022, with a follow-up period of 1 month. All OHCAs attended by the emergency medical services were included. Data were collected and analyzed according to the Utstein 2015 reporting template. Independent predictors of ROSC and 30-day survival or survival were explored using ridge regression. Results: ROSC was achieved in 41% of cases where resuscitation was attempted. The overall 30-day survival rate where resuscitation was attempted was 14%. In 13% of all cases where resuscitation was attempted, patients had a favorable neurological outcome. Using our prediction model, we found that defibrillation under 20 min and ventricular fibrillation as an initial rhythm improves survival, whilst no defibrillation and bystander full cardiopulmonary resuscitation negatively predicted survival. Conclusions: Slovenia has OHCA 30-day survival comparable to the rest of the European Union. The favorable neurological outcome is high. Our data show that bystanders do not significantly improve survival. This represents an untapped potential of general public education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automatic external defibrillator use. Following good practices from abroad and improving layperson CPR knowledge could further improve OHCA survival.

Zaporednost dejanj dejanja v nizu medsebojno omejuje (meji zaprtega intervala, ki je na voljo za izvedbo dejanja, predstavljata predhodno in sledeče dejanje: (dn – 1[dn]dn + 1)),kar vodi k celostnemu, preglednemu pogledu nanje, ki ga izraža DV. Delež DV je visok že, ko stoji v zaporedju dejanj na vsaj treh mestih (slabih 70 % v korpusnem gradivu za sodobno stanje in slabih 60 % za stanje od 16. do začetka 20. stoletja), in še višji, ko stoji ob NDV na vsaj dveh mestih (85 % in 77 %). Prevlada DV je torej izrazita, medtem ko NDV, ki izraža trajanje dejanja, stoji zlasti na zadnjem mestu v nizu, ko dejanje poteka v polodprtem intervalu. Tako stanje v slovenščini vse od 16. stoletja dalje se dobro ujema z ugotovitvami nekaterih tujih raziskovalcev, ki za polpreteklo do sodobno stanje pri izražanju zaporednosti dejanj v slovenščini ugotavljajo, da se rabi večinoma DV, NDV pa je vendarle tudi možen (Dickey 2000: 203, 210, Petrukhina 2019: 42–43). Zaporednost dejanj se pojavlja zlasti v pripovedi o preteklosti – v pretekliku in kot historični sedanjik. Posebej v sedanjiku je pogosta še pri ponavljalnosti, splošni veljavnosti dejanja, tako tudi v navodilih in receptih.

For many centuries, the settlements had a fairly uniform image, which was the result of the use of local materials, technology and the economic condition of the population. With the development of the construction profession and the improvement of material conditions, building materials and construction technology also began to change, the market supply has diversified, which led to changes in the appearance of buildings. The roof, also known as the fifth facade, affects to the external image of the settlement. According to Fister et al., the design of roofs and their colour (roofing) are among the most recognizable components of architecture as criteria for the identity of architectural landscapes. The roof changes were the most drastic in the last 150 years. As the covering changed, so did the colour. The development of roofs in Slovenia with an emphasis on the key influencers of the development is presented in the paper. We limited ourselves to individual houses as carriers of the landscape's architectural identity. We compared the colour of the roofs on a sample of over 700 houses in the architectural region Savinjsko-Kozjansko, which data were obtained as part of the research project V5-2111: Architectural typologies and architectural landscapes and regions of Slovenia. We compared the obtained data with the requirements of spatial plans of municipalities and the characteristics described by Fister et al. The results showed the differences between the situation 30 years ago, the requirements of spatial acts and the current situation. Although the research involved a small sample, we can conclude that the situation is similar in most Slovenian places. The obtained results enable a broader view of this problem and open the possibility of appropriate action. Settlements that are recognized for their high-quality settlement architecture are shown as examples of excellent practice.

The article aims at presenting the methods of detection of Slovenian neologisms, used in the making of the Growing Dictionary of the Slovenian Language, accessible at the Fran portal , which integrates various dictionaries into a single whole, form 2014 onwards. In the first year of compiling and for the following few years, the main source of the candidates was corpus Gigafida 1.0, built in 2013. Due to the corpus not being updated regularly (and unavailability of other appropriate sources), users’ suggestions have taken over the main role. Users submit suggestions directly on the Fran portal. The corpus Gigafida and other (Janes, SlWaC) are still used for checking users’ suggestions. Due to a high number of such suggestions and a growing demand for new lexical descriptions, their importance cannot be overlooked. The neologisms collected in the dictionary exhibit a number of characteristics, a brief overview of which is provided at the end of the study.

The activities of surface types formed from the adhesion of alcohols on MoO(sub 3) and SiO(sub 2) were examined. The dynamic studies suggested that the rate-ascertaining step for the alcohol oxidation was the splitting of the alpha-C-H bond in the alkoxide intermediates.

The oxidation of organic substances on metal oxide catalysts could be viewed as entailing a transfer of electrons from the organic moeity to the catalytic center, and is expected to involve the electron-accepting levels in the metal center. It is shown that the activity of a series of catalysts duly correlates with the unoccupied density of electronic states of the parent metal oxides.

The measurements of the Raman spectra of layered perovskites M2La2Ti3O10 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) and hydrated derivatives of M2La2Ti3O10 (M = H, K) are presented. The study concluded that the Raman bands appearing in the frequency region higher than 400 cm(super -1) correspond to the vibrational modes of the perovskite layer.

A detailed geometrical model of a Krško reactor core was developed using a Monte Carlo neutron transport code MCNP. The main goal of developing an MCNP core model is for it to be used in future research focused on ex-core calculations. A script called McCord was developed to generate MCNP input for an arbitrary fuel cycle configuration from the diffusion based core design package CORD-2, taking advantage of already available material and temperature data obtained in the nuclear core design process. The core model was used to calculate 3D power density profile inside the core. The applicability of the calculated power density distributions was tested by comparison to the CORD-2 calculations, which is regularly used for the nuclear core design calculation verification of the Krško core. For the hot zero power and hot full power states differences between MCNP and CORD-2 in the radial power density profile were

Prispevek je posvečen vprašanju, kako izbrani prislovi in njihove medsebojne povezave z vezniki pomensko učinkujejo glede na to, kje v povedi stojijo. Ponekod je obravnavana tudi fakultativnost vejice v smislu njenega (ne)vpliva na skladenjski pomen. Pregledno je predstavljen in ovrednoten tudi dosedanji slovarski prikaz teh razmerij zlasti v SSKJ.

Prispevek obravnava temeljna teoretična izhodišča in pristop k oblikovanju tipologije slovarskih razlag vrstnih pridevnikov v eSSKJ glede na SSKJ, druge predhodne razlagalne slovarje in sodobne razlagalne slovarje zahodnoslovanskih jezikov. Bistvena ugotovitev je, da je eSSKJ z novim konceptom lahko upošteval in v prakso delno prenesel teoretična spoznanja, ki so nastala v času od zaključevanja SSKJ, hkrati pa praktične izkušnje iz predhodnih in sorodnih sodobnih slovarjev. Pomemben poudarek je tudi, da je treba vrstnost vedno obravnavati na pomenski ravni – tako je mogoča tudi natančna analiza prehajanja lastnostnih pomenov v vrstne in obratno.

Rose windows are of special significance in gothic cathedrals. These are large circular windows. They are also exquisite works of masonry. In terms of their construction, the sectioning of the circle into smaller, equal segments presented a particular challenge. The division of a circle into equal segments or the ratio between the diameter and the circumference was an old mathematical problem, which had practical consequences for architects and masons. Their answers ranged from simple to more complex solutions. Analysis has shown that the segmentation of rosettes was simpler in the early period. It later evolved into more complex segmentation, which was probably also based on anthropometric measuring systems. Perhaps the most complex segmentation of the rosette can be found in the rose windows of the Basilica of Saint Clare and the Basilica of Saint Francis in Assisi, which are presented separately.

Multispectral satellite imagery offers a new perspective for spatial modelling, change detection and land cover classification. The increased demand for accurate classification of geographically diverse regions led to advances in object-based methods. A novel spatiotemporal method is presented for object-based land cover classification of satellite imagery using a Graph Neural Network. This paper introduces innovative representation of sequential satellite images as a directed graph by connecting segmented land region through time. The method’s novel modular node classification pipeline utilises the Convolutional Neural Network as a multispectral image feature extraction network, and the Graph Neural Network as a node classification model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we utilised EfficientNetV2-S for feature extraction and the GraphSAGE algorithm with Long Short-Term Memory aggregation for node classification. This innovative application on Sentinel-2 L2A imagery produced complete 4-year intermonthly land cover classification maps for two regions: Graz in Austria, and the region of Portorož, Izola and Koper in Slovenia. The regions were classified with Corine Land Cover classes. In the level 2 classification of the Graz region, the method outperformed the state-of-the-art UNet model, achieving an average F1-score of 0.841 and an accuracy of 0.831, as opposed to UNet’s 0.824 and 0.818, respectively. Similarly, the method demonstrated superior performance over UNet in both regions under the level 1 classification, which contains fewer classes. Individual classes have been classified with accuracies up to 99.17%.

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been established as a significant contributor to mortality rates in developed nations. Due to the challenges associated with conducting controlled randomized trials, there exists a necessity for the collection of high-quality data to enhance the comprehension of the impact of interventions. Several nations have initiated efforts to gather information pertaining to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The Republic of Slovenia has been collecting data from interventions; however, the variables and data attributes have not yet been standardized to comply with international standards. This lack of conformity poses a challenge in making comparisons or drawing inferences. The aim of this study is to identify how to better gather OHCA data in Slovenia. Materials and methods: The Utstein resuscitation registry protocol (UP) was compared to the Slovenian data points that must be gathered in accordance with the Rules on Emergency Medical Service (REMS) during interventions. In addition, we have proposed alternative measures of digitization to enhance pre-hospital data. Results: Missing data points and attribute mismatches were detected in Slovenia. Eight data points necessitated by the UP are gathered in several databases (hospitals, the National Institute of Public Health, dispatch services, intervention reports from first responders, and defibrillator files), but not in the mandated protocols based on REMS. Two data points have variables that do not match those of the UP. A total of 16 data points according to UP are currently not being collected in Slovenia. The advantages and potential drawbacks of digitizing emergency medical services have been discussed. Conclusions: The study has identified gaps in the methods employed for collecting data on OHCA in Slovenia. The assessment conducted serves as a basis for enhancing the process of data collection, integrating quality control measures across the nation, and establishing a nationwide registry for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Slovenia.

BackgroundStigma about mental illness—both public and self—is one of the most important factors hindering help-seeking. Stigma can occur during an acute episode of mental illness or be anticipatory. One group affected by stigma, but often neglected, is mental health professionals. This study examined the anticipated form of mental-illness and help-seeking self-stigma and the anticipated form of public stigma of suicidal behavior among members of the International Association for Suicide Prevention. We hypothesized that suicidologists with a history of suicidality or mental illness would anticipate greater stigma from the public and self.MethodsThe study received ethical approval from the Commission for Medical Ethics of the Republic of Slovenia. Data from 83 participants who completed an online survey (February to May 2020) with informed consent were analyzed using path analysis. We tested a model predicting help-seeking self-stigma based on (i) personal experience of mental illness using anticipated self-stigma of mental illness as a mediating variable and (ii) history of suicidal behavior using anticipated public stigma of suicidal behavior as a mediating variable.ResultsPersonal experience of mental illness predicted anticipation of self-stigma of mental illness (β = 0.26). History of suicidality predicted anticipation of public stigma of suicidal behavior (β = 0.29). Anticipated self-stigma of mental illness proved to be a stronger predictor of help-seeking self-stigma (β = 0.40) than anticipated public stigma of suicidal behavior (β = 0.07).ConclusionsIt is important to intentionally support the mental health of suicide prevention professionals, as they are not immune to mental illness or various types of stigma. Because our sample was small and diverse, further research to better understand stigma concepts in this population is warranted.

The influence of P3HT:PCBM ratio on thermal and transport properties of solar cells were determined by photothermal beam deflection spectrometry, which is advantageous tool for non-destructively study of bulk heterojunction layers of organic solar cells. P3HT:PCBM layers of different P3HT:PCBM ratios were deposited on top of PEDOT:PSS/ITO layers which were included in organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The thermal diffusivity, energy gap and charge carrier lifetime were measured at different illumination conditions and with a different P3HT:PCBM ratios. As expected, it was found that the energy band gap depends on the P3HT:PCBM ratio. Thermal diffusivity is decreasing, while charge carrier lifetime is increasing with PCBM concentration. Energy band gap was found to be independent on illumination intensity, while thermal diffusivity was increasing and carrier lifetime was decreasing with illumination intensity. The carrier lifetime exhibits qualitatively similar dependence on the PCBM concentration when compared to the open-circuit voltage of operating solar cells under AM1.5 illumination. BDS and standard I-V measurement yielded comparable results arguing that the former is suitable for characterization of organic solar cells.

Acts of fraud have become much more prevalent in the financial industry with the rise of technology and the continued economic growth in modern society. Fraudsters are evolving their approaches continuously to exploit the vulnerabilities of the current prevention measures in place, many of whom are targeting the financial sector. To overcome and investigate financial frauds, this paper presents STALITA, which is an innovative platform for the analysis of bank transactions. STALITA enables graph-based data analysis using a powerful Neo4j graph database and the Cypher query language. Additionally, a diversity of other supporting tools, such as support for heterogeneous data sources, force-based graph visualisation, pivot tables, and time charts, enable in-depth investigation of the available data. In the Results section, we present the usability of the platform through real-world case scenarios.

The article is about mountain huts in the Slovenian highlands. These buildings are specific according to: origin, purpose, time of use, etc. In these area of highlands there were practically no new project in the last few decades. There were only some small interventions in the field of energy efficiency and ecology. In most cases, these buildings are old. They need to be renovated or even replacement. It is interesting that some quality solutions for new bivouacs in the Slovenian mountains have been made. Considering the developments in the neighbouring Alpine countries, where they replaced some old huts with new ones, which they have both technological and architectural surpluses, we want to determine the condition of our huts. With the help of various categories such as elevation, year of construction and renovation, size, accessibility and design of buildings, we tried to extract some of the important features that are presented below.

Summary: Cryo-EM grid preparation is an important bottleneck in protein structure determination, especially for membrane proteins, typically requiring screening of a large number of conditions. We systematically investigated the effects of buffer components, blotting conditions and grid types on the outcome of grid preparation of five different membrane protein samples. Aggregation was the most common type of problem which was addressed by changing detergents, salt concentration or reconstitution of proteins into nanodiscs or amphipols. We show that the optimal concentration of detergent is between 0.05 and 0.4% and that the presence of a low concentration of detergent with a high critical micellar concentration protects the proteins from denaturation at the air-water interface. Furthermore, we discuss the strategies for achieving an adequate ice thickness, particle coverage and orientation distribution on free ice and on support films. Our findings provide a clear roadmap for comprehensive screening of conditions for cryo-EM grid preparation of membrane proteins.

Vor über sechs hundert Jahren wurden deutsche Muttersprachler vorwiegend aus Kärnten angesichts des sich stark entwickelnden Eisenhüttenwesens in Kropa, einer Ortschaft in der Oberkrain, angesiedelt. Im Beitrag wird der Sprachkontakt in Kropa behandelt wie auch die deutschen Lehnwörter als Spuren des deutsch-slowenischen Sprachkontaktes in der Mundart von Kropa. Die Kontakte zwischen den Bewohnern Kropas und Kärntnern wie auch diversen Händlern, die Eisenprodukte aus Kropa in anderen Regionen verkauften, hinterließen viele Spuren in der Mundart von Kropa. Im Beitrag werden die substandardsprachlichen Germanismen unter mehreren Aspekten wie etwa der semantischen Felder wie auch der Varietätendistribution im Slowenischen dargestellt. Viele konvergente deutsche Lehnwörter wurden auch im Kroatischen anhand Stojićs Wörterbuchs der Germanismen in kroatischen Mundarten gefunden, was einen intensiven slawisch-deutschen Sprachkontakt widerspiegelt, dessen Spuren regionalweit in Südosteuropa und an dessen Rändern zu finden sind.

Objective Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients get relief from their dyspnea by arm bracing, the mechanics of this effect are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which arm bracing affects dyspnea by measuring the work of breathing (WOB) in the arm bracing posture. Methods Six normal male subjects were studied in two standing postures: erect and with their arms braced. For the arm bracing posture, the subjects leaned forward with their arms stretched and rested their hands on a platform. Respiratory frequency was set at 20 tidal breaths/min with the use of a metronome, and tidal volume was set at 1 L by observing the lung volume on a monitor. All the subjects randomly adopted the two postures, and a preset respiratory pattern was measured for 30 s in each posture. Lung volume and flow rate were measured using a hot-wire flowmeter. Esophageal pressure was measured using a 12-cm balloon catheter. The WOB was estimated using modified Campbell diagrams. Results Lung volume increased and inspiratory resistive WOB decreased, while inspiratory elastic WOB increased significantly with arm bracing compared with that of the erect posture (P \< 0.05). Conclusion Arm bracing posture increases the chest wall expansion thereby increasing the end-expiratory lung volume and decreasing the inspiratory resistive WOB among healthy individuals.

Prispevek analizira rabo slovenskih veznikov dokler in dokler ne na začetku in sredini večstavčne povedi. Pogosteje se pojavlja dokler ne, raba obeh pa je izrazito pogostejša na sre­dini povedi. Veznika sta analizirana kot del niza permutacij dejanj z izmenjevanjem dovršnika (DV) in/ali nedovršnika (NDV) ter veznika na treh mestih: veznik + glagol + glagol; glagol + veznik + glagol (1 × 2 × 2; 2 × 1 × 2). Pri dokler na vsaj enem mestu v permutacijah izrazito prevladuje nedovršnik, pri dokler ne dovršnik; najpogostejši permutaciji sta dokler NDV NDV in NDV dokler NDV ter dokler ne DV NDV in NDV dokler ne DV. Pri redkejših permutacijah je opazen prehod pomena povedi iz časovnosti proti pogojnosti. Dokler ne uvaja pleonastično zanikanje, a je ob izhodiščni nepredložni tožilniški vezavi kljub temu prevlada rodilnika zaradi formalne prisotnosti zanikanja zelo izrazita.