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Over the past decades, Marxist-inspired approaches from the field of International Historical Sociology (IHS) have theorised the relationship between 16th and 17th Century European colonial expansion and the development of relations of production and economic growth on both sides of the Atlantic. In this article, we argue that such attempts--from Dependency Theory (DT), World-Systems Theory (WST), and Uneven and Combined Development (UCD)--are premised on a structuralist perspective which overextend the notion of capitalism and under examine the sphere of production, rendering divergent and distinct strategies of European colonialism a homogenous and under-historicised process. Embracing theoretical innovations from Geopolitical Marxism (GPM), we dispute this unitary logic of expansion, instead applying a radical historicist methodology to demonstrate that British and Spanish colonial strategies in the Americas (intra-imperial free trade vs. mercantilism) were shaped by nationally specific class relations (capitalism vs. feudalism/absolutism), generating unique patterns of settlement on the ground (mineral extraction vs. cash-crop production). Promoting historicism thus allows Marxist International Relations to better recognise 'the 'making of' the international order' during the period of European colonial expansion from the 16th century onwards, and, in doing so, further understand its enduring legacies. Keywords: colonialism, International Historical Sociology, Radical Historicism, foreign policy, International Political Economy., Introduction The disciplinary linkages between International Relations (IR) and Marxism may have historically suffered from a 'double neglect', especially in comparison to other social sciences, though this division is less [...]

Government infrastructure provision is much more important than its conception in mainstream economic theory as a response to 'market failure'. In practice, it draws on the state's capacity to fUnd [...]

China and the United States have the highest demand for fossil fuel energy for transportation and power generation, which promotes growth while also damaging the environment. Policymakers, and environmental scientists, are increasingly interested in understanding key strategies to improve energy efficiency to mitigate fossil fuel energy demand and sustain the environment and growth. In this context, this study uses augmented mean groups (AMG) and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimators to reveal the impact of China-US technological innovation, transportation infrastructure, and power generation on fossil fuel energy demand and fossil fuel energy intensity from 1995 to 2020. Besides, the study examines whether fossil fuel energy use and fossil fuel energy intensity are the main drivers of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and economic growth. The analysis results show that technological innovation has a strong adverse influence on fossil fuel energy use, and fossil fuel energy intensity. Electricity generation, road transport infrastructure investment and aviation infrastructure investment have considerably contributed to fossil fuel energy use, and fossil fuel energy intensity. The construction of rail transit infrastructure has significantly alleviated fossil fuel energy demand, and fossil fuel energy intensity. Fossil fuel energy use and fossil fuel energy intensity significantly contribute to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth. However, technological innovation and renewable energy use can substantially reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while making a considerable contribution to economic growth. Based on empirical investigation, this study provides a series of useful insights into the sustainable development goals of the Chinese and American economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the factors influencing GDP over the short-term using dynamic panel data across income groups in 71 countries, with a focus on the role of proxy COVID-19 vaccination. The analysis utilizes quarterly data spanning seven quarters from 2021Q1 to 2022Q3, employing the System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) model developed by Blundell-Bond to assess the short-term impact of vaccination, investment, government consumption ratio, stringency index, trade openness and inflation on GDP. The findings reveal that vaccination and economic investments have a significant positive short-term effect on GDP, while the government consumption ratio and stringency index exert a strong negative influence. Conversely, trade openness and inflation do not significantly affect GDP. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, economists, and analysts, highlighting that during the pandemic, factors such as public health measures and investments have a more critical role in economic performance of countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between insurance development, population, economic growth, and health expenditures for a panel of 31 OECD countries over the period 1995–2021. A dynamic panel data analysis based on cointegration, FMOLS, DOLS, VECM, and Granger causality tests is employed to suggest for the existence of a long-run relationship among variables. The long-run results show that insurance development, national income, and population exhibit positive impacts on health expenditures. The results reveal that insurance factor has larger income effects than substitution effects on health expenditures. Regarding the short-run causal relationship between the variables, the empirical results suggest that economic growth strengthens health expenditure growth, while insurance growth reduces it. In the short-run, insurance development has a crowding-out effect since it produces larger substitution effects than income effects. The results provide political implications that governments need to concern the short-run crowding-out effect of private insurance sections on health expenditures when making fiscal policies on public health expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health events (PHEs) have emerged as significant threats to human life, health, and economic growth. PHEs, such as COVID-19, have prompted a reevaluation for enhanced regular prevention and control (RPC). In this study, we focus on the core concept of prevention and control intensity (PCI), and establish a neoclassical economic growth model from the long-term and macro perspective to balance life protection and economic growth. The model construct the mechanism of PCI on economic growth through population dynamics and capital accumulation under the backdrop of RPC for PHEs. We find the conditions for PCI when the economy achieves steady state, and provides an algorithm establishing the optimal strategy that maximises per capita disposable income based on the optimal PCI and consumption. Simulation result quantifies an inverted U-shaped relationship between PCI and capital per capita, output per capita and consumption per capita in the steady state. The model suggests that, given the PHEs of inducing potential unemployment shock, it is worthwhile to combine the implementation of moderate PCI with coordinated policies of income distribution. Highlights: • Building a Neoclassical economic growth model under public health events (PHEs). • Model links regular prevention and control (RPC) to macroeconomic factors. • Exploring mechanism of RPC for PHEs on economic growth. • Appropriate prevention and control intensity can engender economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, economic growth has been closely coupled to carbon emissions responsible for climate change, but to stabilize global mean temperature, net-zero carbon emissions are necessary. Some economies have begun to reduce emissions while continuing to grow, but this decoupling is not fast enough to achieve global climate targets. Subnational climate actions seem to be crucial for the achievement of these targets. Here, we uncover the effectiveness of subnational efforts by estimating decoupling rates and CO2 emission intensities over the last three decades for over 1,500 subnational regions, encompassing 85% of global emissions, using global data on reported economic output and gridded production-based emissions. Thirty percent of regions with available data have fully decoupled, with higher-income and historically carbon-intensive regions exhibiting higher rates of decoupling and declining emission intensity. Countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development with greater spending on subnational climate actions show higher decoupling rates, as do subnational regions in EU countries where climate policies have been implemented, highlighting the effectiveness of subnational policies. Moreover, subnational analysis reveals greater variance of decoupling rates within national boundaries than between them and that countries with weaker governance typically show higher variance of decoupling within their borders. If recent rates of production-based carbon decoupling continue, less than half of subnational regions would reach net-zero before 2050, even when accounting for observed acceleration via socioeconomic development and assuming no interregional carbon leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the impact of China's regional emergency logistics response capabilities on economic growth sustainability, this study develops a set of comprehensive indicators. It applies the entropy weight method combined with the TOPSIS method to evaluate these capabilities across regions. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, this study employs panel models, panel quantile regression, and panel threshold models to analyze the impact of emergency logistics response capability on sustainable economic growth. By measuring the regional emergency logistics response capability and examining its effects on the sustainability of economic growth, this research provides foreign investors with a clearer understanding of the ability of different regions in China to handle unexpected public incidents. This, in turn, helps reduce investment uncertainty, mitigate certain risks, and offers valuable insights for enhancing the efficiency of international investments in China. Key findings are: (1) Since 2018, the establishment of the Ministry of Emergency Management has significantly improved China's regional emergency logistics capabilities, with the eastern region outperforming the central and western regions. (2) Enhancing China's emergency logistics response capability helps improve the sustainability level of economic growth. This reflects how China's emergency management departments can mitigate the adverse impacts of public emergencies on economic growth by transforming social logistics into emergency logistics. (3) As emergency response capabilities have strengthened, their impact on economic sustainability initially decreased but later increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study comprehensively analyzed the economic development, agricultural production, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization linkage with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China spanning the years 1995–2022. Utilizing advanced econometric models, including DOLS, FMOLS, and CCR, the research provides a comprehensive analysis. The findings show that agricultural production has a significant inverse correlation with CO2 emissions, showcasing the potential of sustainable agricultural practices in environmental mitigation. Economic growth, while statistically insignificant in its impact on emissions, underscores the need for sustainable and technologically advanced development strategies. The study emphasizes the role of renewable energy utilization in decreasing CO2 emissions in China, aligning with global efforts for cleaner production. However, the positive correlation between urbanization and CO2 emissions suggests challenges in balancing urban development with environmental conservation. The research offers valuable insights into crafting targeted environmental policies for China, contributing to its commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060. As China's experiences resonate with those of other developing economies, the study provides a roadmap for sustainable growth, emphasizing the positive aspects of agriculture and renewable energy, while addressing the complexities introduced by urbanization. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the global discourse on combating climate change and fostering sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the determinants of CO2 emissions in Oman from 1990 to 2024, focusing on the impacts of energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, financial development, and foreign direct investment. The analysis utilizes stepwise regression to systematically identify the most significant predictors, ensuring a parsimonious model. Robust least squares (ROLSs) are employed to account for potential outliers and heteroscedasticity in the data, providing more reliable estimates. Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLSs) is applied to address issues of endogeneity and serial correlation, offering robust long-term coefficient estimates. Canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) further refines these estimates by handling non-stationary variables and ensuring consistency in the presence of cointegration. Cointegration tests, including the Johansen and Engle–Granger methods, confirm long-term equilibrium relationships among the variables; this study reveals several key findings. Energy use per capita (ENGY) and real GDP per capita (RGDPC) are consistently significant positive predictors of CO2 emissions. Urbanization (URB) also significantly contributes to higher emissions. Conversely, the Financial Development Index (FDX) and foreign direct investment (FDI) do not show significant effects on CO2 levels. The high R-squared values across models indicate that these variables explain a substantial portion of the variation in emissions. Cointegration tests confirm long-term equilibrium relationships among the variables, with the Johansen test identifying two cointegrating equations and the Engle–Granger test showing significant tau-statistics for FDX, ENGY, and URB. The VEC model further highlights the short-term dynamics and adjustment mechanisms. These findings underscore the importance of energy policy, economic development, and urban planning in Oman's efforts towards sustainable development and decarbonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, we face a policy dilemma between desiring more economic growth and safeguarding the deteriorating ecosystem, which have an apparent trade-off. Consequently, financing growth often comes with strong concerns for the ecological implications, which is yet to be empirically resolved. Hence, the current study examined the growth and environmental effects of financial development from three angles, each with a robust indicator, comprising financial development index, financial institution index, and financial market index. The scope of this study was financial development in 30 selected African countries from 1996 to 2021. This study extends the frontier of knowledge by estimating the moderating roles of regulatory quality and digitalization coupled with other control variables: renewable and nonrenewable energy, government expenditure, trade openness, and foreign direct investment. The empirical evidence relies on estimators such as common correlated effects (mean group), the system-generalized method of moment, and method of moment quantile regression. The findings from this study reveal that financial development propels economic growth but to the detriment of the ecosystem. However, when the interactive effects of regulatory quality and digitalization are considered, the negative externalities of growth-induced financial development are reduced. Furthermore, control variables such as renewable energy and foreign direct investment promote growth without escalating ecological damage. This is in contrast to nonrenewable energy, government expenditure, and trade openness, which propel economic growth at the expense of the ecological system. Policy recommendations that balance the trade-off between the two measures are put forward based on the research outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of e-service quality on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediator in the small and medium-sized business sector in Nigeria. The dimensions investigated in this study are reliability, web design, trust, empathy, convenience, and cultural inclusion. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, there has not been any research done on this subject investigating the above dimensions among Nigerian SMEs across various cultural groups. Therefore, this study fills this gap by investigating the impact of culture, web design, trust, empathy, convenience, and reliability on SMEs. A questionnaire was used for the purpose of the study to collect primary data. Four hundred and ninety-two responses were obtained from the respondents, who were age 20 and above. The survey was carried out online across the four major poles of Nigeria (east, west, north, and south) because of their varying and distinct cultural background. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 28, Smart PLS 4 and AMOS 29 for descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling to test the research model. The results showed that the service quality dimensions have a positive significant impact on customer satisfaction and also show that customer loyalty is positively impacted by customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the literature has seen considerable growth in research at the intersection of CO2 emission, health expenditure, and economic growth. But looking at the literature, it appears that the relationship between health expenditures, CO2 emissions, and economic growth is unclear. To resolve this uncertainty, this study was conducted with different data, countries, and methods. To this end, the present study analyzed the nexus between CO2 emissions, health expenditure, and economic growth in Türkiye from 1975 to 2020 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) model developed by Pesaran et al. (J Appl Econ 16(3):289–326, 2001). The study reveals a connection between CO2 emissions, health spending, and economic development in Türkiye over the long term. It also highlights a short-term correlation among these factors. The study indicates that a 1% increase in economic growth results in a 0.553 and 0.297 rise in CO2 emissions in the short and long term, respectively. That is, it suggests that if economic growth in Türkiye doesn't involve renewable energy, it could negatively affect CO2 emissions both in the short and long term. To address this, substantial efforts are needed to transition to low-carbon technologies like renewable energy and energy efficiency, aiming to reduce emissions and support long-term economic growth. The study further demonstrates that a 1% growth in health expenditure leads to a 0.124% decrease in CO2 emissions over the long term. This implies that Türkiye's health sector could benefit from utilizing more renewable energy or using fossil fuels more efficiently. Additionally, the study warns that long-term population growth could negatively affect CO2 emissions in Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends the energy tourism growth discussion by adopting the concept of market segments when investigating tourism proxies. We adopt econometric procedures to identify potential structural breaks and cross-sectional dependence together with appropriate panel data model specifications. Causality tests are also processed to search for the direction of potential linkages. The rationale behind such an approach is to integrate the energy growth nexus discussion with the tourism growth nexus into one specification and investigate holistically potential impacts and causalities under a new, unobserved in relative literature set of variables. Interestingly, we offer to the relevant literature in the following ways: first, the concept of market segments regarding business and leisure tourism spending as a proxy for tourism expansion is used. Second, we also encompass internal consumption, by international and domestic visitors, instead of international receipts when searching for causalities. Third, we consider capital investment spending within the travel and tourism sector. This issue is less visible, if not unnoticed, in relevant studies since the vast majority adopt the concept of foreign investment spending. Our empirical findings confirm the conservation hypothesis, while the feedback hypothesis is also present in our specifications. Practical implications demand effective management within the tourism system to foster pro-environmental behavior and achieve efficient energy use within the economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the accelerating process of globalization, trade activities have had profound impacts on both the environment and economic development. Methods: This paper comprehensively evaluates the synergistic effect of bilateral trade on "pollution reduction" and "carbon mitigation," as well as "economic growth," utilizing panel data from China and RCEP countries spanning the period from 1997 to 2020. Results: The empirical results reveal that bilateral trade significantly propels economic growth in RCEP countries and exhibits a positive "pollution reduction" effect, whereas its "carbon reduction" effect remains uncertain. To delve into the underlying reasons for bilateral trade's failure to effectively mitigate carbon emissions, this paper undertakes a mechanism test along two opposing paths. Notably, the influence of bilateral trade on economic growth and "pollution reduction" in RCEP countries varies regionally. Specifically, bilateral trade is more efficacious in fostering economic growth in ASEAN countries. Additionally, bilateral trade enhances environmental quality in ASEAN countries, yet it deteriorates in non-ASEAN countries. Furthermore, this paper examines the intricate relationship between bilateral trade, economic growth, and "pollution reduction" through the application of the PVAR model. It concludes that optimizing environmental quality in RCEP countries is conducive to both local economic growth and bilateral trade. Conclusion: This study not only bears significant implications for understanding the complex interplay between economic growth, environmental quality, trade liberalization, and environmental policies, but also provides invaluable guidance for policy formulation and implementation aimed at achieving green transformation and fostering sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to test the relationship between manufacturing production and economic growth in Portugal from the 1950s to the present day, following Nicholas Kaldor's (1908–1986) thinking, which assumes that manufacturing is the true engine of the economic activity of a country. By estimating a series of econometric models, including a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, it was possible to identify a positive relationship between growth and manufacturing production since the 1950s. The results also show that each increase of 1 percentage point (pp) in real growth rate of the production of basic metallurgical industries and manufacture of metallic products in a certain year t−1 for the period 1956–2019, caused an increase of 0.07 pp in the Portuguese economic growth during a following year t on average. We hope that these findings will stimulate new and interesting research regarding the important issues of manufacturing production and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth is a primary objective for countries worldwide since it has a pivotal impact on enhancing living standards, alleviating poverty, and promoting general societal well-being. Hence, this study examines the connection between life expectancy, environmental pollution, and economic growth in Somalia by using time-series data from 1990 to 2020. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method. The empirical results of the bound test indicate that life expectancy is statistically significant and positively affects economic growth in the long run. However, it does not significantly affect economic growth in the short run. Furthermore, environmental pollution does not significantly impact economic growth in the long run but enhances it in the short run. The study indicates that life expectancy improves economic growth. Based on the empirical evidence, the study provides several policy implications, including public health initiatives, health-related infrastructure, and sustainable environmental practices, which are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy transition and green innovation have appeared as new hopes for environmental impact due to human activity, which has destroyed biodiversity and increased environmental degradation. Therefore, developed and emerging economies are focusing on green innovation and energy transition to tackle the environmental impact. Thus, this study was initiated to provoke a meaningful relationship between energy transition, economic growth, trade, green innovation, and good governance to measure the role of concerning factors in achieving environmental sustainability. For this objective, dynamic econometric approaches such as cointegration, heteroskedastic OLS estimation using GMM (HOLS-GMM), AMG, and Driscoll–Kraay were implemented to estimate the Asian dataset between 1990 and 2022. The result indicates that concerning factors have a significant influence on environmental impact. The findings specify that a 1% rise in the energy transition and green innovation will influence the environment by 0.0517% and 3.051%, respectively. Further, AMG and Driscoll–Kraay validate the findings of HOLS-GMM. The robust tests indicate that the factors, which are concerning, significantly impact environmental sustainability. Consequently, the energy transition, trade, and green innovation significantly contribute to attaining ecological sustainability in the long term, and the Sustainable Development Theory prevails in the economy. Thus, innovative policy implications, including energy transition, green innovation, trade, and economic growth, are required to make Asia prominent in achieving environmental sustainability via implementing sustainable and green technologies and clean energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality development (HQD) has been listed as the first and foremost task in building a modern socialist country in all respects and also an overarching issue of China's economic and social development in the new era. To achieve economic HQD, a key approach lies in integrating energy development with poverty alleviation and fully leveraging the foundational role of energy infrastructure and supply services in reducing poverty. Using the provincial panel data from 2007 to 2017, this paper analyzes the impact of energy poverty alleviation on economic HQD from multiple dimensions in an empirical way and draws the following conclusions: first, energy poverty alleviation drives the economic growth of China's eastern region and western region, but it cannot effectively promote the synchronous economic growth of the central region, thereby resulting in a greater imbalance in regional development; second, energy poverty alleviation has an effect on reducing the urban–rural income inequality, and such an effect is more significant in the western region; and finally, energy poverty alleviation has a significant effect on promoting economic HQD, and the effect is more significant in the central region and the western region. Furthermore, the transmission mechanism of energy poverty alleviation driving HQD is tested. It is found that energy poverty alleviation can drive HQD by promoting urbanization and technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth modeling is one of the methods a government can use to formulate appropriate economic policies to improve the prosperity of its people. Differential equations and stochastic models play a major role in studying economic growth. This article aims to conduct a literature review on the use of differential equations in relation to stochastics to model economic growth. In addition, this article also discusses the use of differential and stochastic equations in economic growth models in Indonesia. This study involves searching for and selecting articles to obtain a collection of research works relevant to the application of differential and stochastic equations to economic growth models, supported by bibliometric analysis. The results of this literature review show that there is still little research discussing economic growth models using differential equations combined with stochastic models, especially those applied in Indonesia. While the application of these models remains relatively limited, their potential to offer deeper insights into the complex dynamics of economic growth is undeniable. By further developing and refining these models, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors driving growth and the potential implications of various economic policies. This will ultimately equip policy-makers with a more powerful analytical tool for making informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis posits an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. However, there is no consensus regarding the EKC hypothesis among countries and regions of different income groups. This study revisits the EKC hypothesis by employing cross-correlation analysis to explore the income–CO2 emissions relationship across 158 countries and 44 regions from 1990 to 2020. The empirical method utilizes a dynamic cross-correlation coefficient (CCC) approach, allowing for the assessment of lead-lag dynamics between income and CO2 emissions over time. By categorizing nations into the World Bank's income classifications, we found a heterogeneous EKC pattern highlighting distinct environmental–economic dynamics across different income groups. The findings indicate that high-income countries show a decoupling of economic growth from CO2 emissions; whereas, low-income countries still exhibit a positive correlation between both variables. This underscores the necessity for tailored policy interventions that promote carbon neutrality, while considering each country's unique development stage. Our research contributes to the ongoing issue of sustainable economic development by providing empirical evidence of the different pathways nations follow in balancing growth with environmental preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global environment has recently been facing sustainability threats owing to industrial and economic expansions. Accordingly, this study empirically examines the impact of carbon emissions and the directional causality between carbon emissions and environmental quality, financial development, and economic growth. We used data from 65 economies from 2010 to 2021, applying fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approaches. Generally, the findings from the analysis revealed that the estimated coefficients of carbon emissions were negative and significant across the model, except for greenhouse gas emissions, which produced an insignificant result in developed economies. This result proves that an increase in carbon emissions and other forms of pollution are detrimental to environmental quality, economic growth, and financial development. Further results revealed that fossil fuels are positively and significantly related to the economic growth and financial development of selected countries. Empirical outcomes indicate that ineffective control of environmental pollution and carbon emissions is a major challenge to the economic growth trajectories of the selected countries, especially in emerging economies. The results from directional relationships revealed that bi-directional causality exists between CO2 and GDP; between total greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth, with no directional relationship of CO2 emissions to financial development and vice versa; and economic growth to CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption and vice versa. Generally, this outcome indicates that improved environmental quality control can accelerate economic growth and financial development worldwide. This study provides insights to governments, policymakers, international organizations, researchers, and many other stakeholders. This study suggests that stricter fiscal and monetary policies, laws, and regulations, such as environmental taxes and carbon emission taxes, with strong implementation strategies, especially in emerging economies, are strongly recommended worldwide. Further recommendations suggest the development of technologically innovative policies that can counter all the impacts of devastating human activities on the environment, and these are encouraged. A greater consumption of renewable energy and the use of other innovative machines that are environmentally friendly and can help control various forms of pollution and carbon emissions have been encouraged globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon dioxide (CO2), whose atmospheric volume has been increasing, is the principal greenhouse gas (GHG) that causes global warming and climate change. Climate change from increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) has broad health and environmental influences. Human-emitted GHGs constitute a significant cause of global warming. The main objective of this article is to assess the influence of technological innovation, economic growth, fossil energy use, renewable energy consumption, and globalisation on CO2 emissions (CO2Es) in South Africa over the observation period 1990–2020. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimator was implemented to examine the relationship between the constituents. The study results indicate that economic growth, fossil energy use, technological innovation, and globalisation boost CO2Es, whereas renewable energy consumption reduces CO2Es. The output of the canonical cointegrating regression and fully modified least squares estimators also supports the output of the DOLS estimator. We concluded that, in South Africa, a rise in economic growth, fossil energy use, technological innovation, and globalisation results in an upsurge in CO2Es. In contrast, an increase in renewable energy consumption leads to a reduction in CO2Es. This research work contributes to the discourse on CO2Es in the South African context. The study recommends that policymakers in South Africa should design policies that foster the formation of a low-carbon country, the consumption of renewable energy, and the implementation of environment-friendly technological innovations that reduce the use of fossil energy. Highlights: • This study assessed the impact of economic growth, technological innovation, fossil energy use, renewable energy consumption, and globalisation on CO2Es in South Africa. • The analysis revealed that economic growth, fossil energy use, technological innovation, and globalisation boost CO2Es, whereas renewable energy consumption reduces CO2Es. • There is a need to incorporate policies that promote the development of a low-carbon economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study empirically examines the factors affecting the financing decisions of non-financial listed companies in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Using static and dynamic two-step generalized method of moments techniques, it analyzes unbalanced panel data from 364 non-financial companies across six GCC countries from 2011 to 2021. The findings partially support optimal capital structure theories, highlighting significant internal factors such as profitability, market-to-book ratio, firm size, earnings volatility, and growth opportunities that influence financing decisions. While no single theory fully explains the financing choices, the association of internal factors with book and market leverage is consistent. The study provides robust and generalizable results, aiding financial institutions and policymakers in formulating pro-development policies and regulations. This research facilitates better coordination between corporate managers and financial institutions, supporting the region's economic transition. It is the first study to use extensive data from GCC non-financial firms to investigate financing decisions, offering valuable insights for investors and a basis for further analysis of capital structure choices in the region and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depletion of fossil fuel resources, growing environmental concerns, and efforts to mitigate climate change have led to the establishment of renewable energy technologies in various countries around the world. The social and economic benefits of renewable energy technologies include improved welfare, increased national GDP, and, notably, the creation of sustainable employment. Employment in the renewable energy industry encompasses both direct and indirect jobs, including roles in manufacturing, installation, operation, distribution, sales, and support services This paper examines job creation within the renewable energy sector across various countries and then focuses on the potential and current status of renewable energy technologies in Iran. An analysis of Iran's economic and employment landscape, along with its legislative framework for renewable energy development, reveals that despite the significant potential for job creation and export in this sector, it remains underutilized. Global investment trends highlight a particular emphasis on the photovoltaic and bioenergy sectors. Considering Iran's substantial solar energy potential and the country's electricity imbalance, coupled with the availability of university graduates, there is a strong case for advancing the renewable energy sector, especially photovoltaic technology. A comparison of employment in Iran's renewable energy sector with that of neighboring countries indicates that Iran's highest employment is in hydropower and photovoltaic sectors. However, in terms of sustainable employment in wind energy and geothermal technology, Iran significantly trails behind Turkey. The paper concludes with recommendations to maximize the job creation potential of Iran's renewable energy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a historical review of the evolution of mathematical methods in economics, tracing their development from the earliest attempts in the 18th century to the sophisticated models of the late 20th century. The study begins by examining the initial integration of mathematical techniques into economic thought, highlighting key milestones that shaped the field. Symmetry concepts are naturally embedded in many of these mathematical frameworks, particularly in the balance and equilibrium found in economic models. Symmetry in economics often reflects proportional relationships and equilibrium conditions that are central to both micro- and macroeconomic analyses. Then, the paper elaborates on the progression of economic growth models, including the foundational Solow–Swan model, which introduced the concept of technological progress (knowledge) as a key factor influencing growth. The review also encompasses the Lucas growth model and the Mankiw–Romer–Weil model, both of which incorporate human capital into the growth equation, highlighting its importance in driving economic development. Finally, the paper addresses the Nonneman–Vanhoudt model, which extends the analysis of growth by integrating multiple types of capital, providing a more comprehensive framework for understanding economic dynamics. By documenting these developments, the paper demonstrates the significant role that mathematical modeling has played in advancing economic theory, providing tools to quantitatively analyze complex economic phenomena and driving the discipline towards greater analytical precision and rigor. This analysis emphasizes how symmetry principles, such as balance between inputs and outputs, equilibrium in supply and demand, and proportionality in growth models, underpin many economic theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In emerging economies like Kuwait, tourism funds national development and sustains local livelihoods. The rapid rise of tourism in several nations may have serious environmental effects due to increased energy usage that increases carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and worsening global warming. Due to climate change’s growing effects on the environment, several efforts have been made by numerous countries worldwide to achieve carbon neutrality and environmental sustainability. Moreover, effective energy production prediction is crucial to establish an equilibrium between traditional and clean energy sources. However, there is a research gap investigating the environmental impacts of tourism within the framework of energy-economy-environment nexus in Kuwait’s context that propelled the development of this pioneering investigation. The present study’s objective is to determine how economic growth, energy consumption, and tourism affect carbon emissions in Kuwait. This study analyzes Kuwait’s time series data from 1995 to 2019 by using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method that analyzed the components’ relationships, allowing for long-term and short-term dynamics. The results show that increasing economic growth, energy consumption, and tourist arrivals increase CO2 emissions in Kuwait. This article proposes policies to achieve carbon neutrality in Kuwait by expanding renewable energy use and promoting sustainable tourism to boost the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the potential role of education in enhancing the socioeconomic prosperity of countries, this study examines the effect of education on economic growth and household welfare in Asian countries. Static and dynamic panel data estimation techniques were employed for analysis. The findings of the study reveal a significant positive effect of education on economic growth and household welfare, with the growth effect of male education being marginally higher than female education. Interestingly, the household welfare effect of female education is revealed to be higher than male education. These findings imply that for economic growth and household welfare enhancement in the region, female education is as important as male education. Consequent to these findings, the study emphasises the need for policy measures aimed at enhancing both access and quality of education for people of all genders in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the threshold effect (nonlinear regression) of the impact of economic growth, foreign direct investment inflow, and trade on the environmental degradation in China from 2007 to 2019 by using panel data at the province level. The results of threshold effect regression show that China's economic growth and trade have a single threshold effect on carbon dioxide emissions, but foreign direct investment does not have any. The results reveal that when economic development increases and reaches a threshold value, its impact on carbon dioxide emissions weakens. When trade volume increases to a threshold value, its negative impact on carbon dioxide emissions strengthens. Both methods find that foreign direct investment and trade have a slightly negative relation with carbon dioxide emissions, which may indicate that in recent years of economic development, China's technological and industrial upgrading has been decoupling foreign investment and trade from carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, this research finds that China's eastern provinces have reached the threshold, yet its middle and western provinces have not. Based on our empirical results, it is suggested that the Chinese government needs to pay more attention to the unbalanced economic development and environment governance between east and middle & western areas, and take measures to prevent the transfer of polluting industries from China's developed provinces to undeveloped middle and western provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of cities in achieving more sustainable regional environmental and economic development has been increasingly recognized, and quantifying the process of city sustainable transformational development has become a hot topic of research. This paper extends the spatial general equilibrium model, moistens environmental capital into production factors, and conducts theoretical research and empirical analysis on the sustainable transformational development patterns (STDP) and heterogeneity of cities. The study shows that the level of industrial agglomeration and environmental productivity interact with each other to influence the level of STDP, and that two types of factors, factor structure and industrial linkage, market size and industrial linkage, influence the heterogeneity of STDP. The analysis of the empirical results of STDP shows that the level of STDP of Chinese cities is low, and there are large differences in regional development; the number of cities with general sustainable transformational development pattern (GSTDP) occupies more than 50% of the number of the total number of cities, the cities with weak sustainable transformational development pattern (WSTDP) are concentrated in central and western regions such as Gansu, Shaanxi, and Ningxia, while the cities with strong sustainable transformational development pattern (SSTDP) form a cluster mainly in the Shandong–Jiangsu–Zhejiang–Fujian–Guangdong border. Further, the heterogeneity analysis of cities with SSTDP, GSTDP, and WSTDP is conducted, respectively, which provides some theoretical basis and empirical support for policy makers to formulate reasonable sustainable transition development regulation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the poverty challenges to sustainable development and its relationship with various macroeconomic factors, the aim of this research is to appraise the implications of energy security, economic growth, trade openness, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the poverty in Sub-Saharan African (SAA) countries, which are at the forefront of the countries with the highest poverty. The data sample comprises 38 countries from this region, for the period of 2000–2021. The methodology applied consists of the AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimator, with Pooled Mean Group (PMG) method in order to examine the short- and long-term relationship between variables. The main findings provide important evidence that the economic growth is not reflected in reduction of poverty in the current economic system of SSA countries, due to the fact that poverty is closely related to income distribution. Therefore, the need to support and redesign the economic growth system in SSA with policies that reduce poverty comes to the fore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies examined the association between gross domestic production (GDP) and environmental pollution to test the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for varied country groups. Although it has useful implications for achieving a climate–neutral world economy, the exploration of the relationship is yet limited for oil-rich economies. On the other hand, the ambiguity of the available EKC evidence addresses the consideration of other pillars of economic development. Therefore, this paper tests the EKC hypothesis comparatively in the separate non-linear effects of financial and industrial development, as well as the traditional GDP-based economic development, on per capita fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) bloc. Financial development is proxied by the financial institutions development index, industrial development is measured by per capita industry value-added, and traditional economic development is indicated by per capita GDP. The trade, financial, social, and political dimensions of globalization are also incorporated as control variables in these three models. The paper applies the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) estimator to a dataset from ten OPEC members over the 1980–2019 period. The results clearly contradict the EKC hypothesis and reveal rather a persistent U-shaped pattern for all models in both the short-run and the long-run. In addition, financial globalization is negatively associated and political globalization is positively associated with CO2 emissions. The paper discusses how such oil–rich countries as OPEC may decouple economic growth, financial development, and industrialization trajectories from environmental pollution induced by fossil CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyse how financial ratios such as the independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio, fiscal decentralisation ratio, dependency ratio, and compatibility ratio affect economic growth, directly or indirectly, through capital expenditure as a mediating factor. This research used a quantitative approach; purposive sampling was conducted, and path analysis was applied to explore the relationships between variables. The results show that self-reliance, effectiveness, efficiency, fiscal decentralisation, dependency, and capital expenditure significantly affect economic growth. The independence and effectiveness ratios have a positive impact, indicating that improvements in these variables directly foster economic growth. However, the efficiency and fiscal decentralisation ratios have a negative effect, suggesting that increases in these variables may reduce economic growth. Indirectly, through capital expenditure, the independence, effectiveness, dependency, and compatibility ratios significantly affect economic growth, with the independence ratio being the most dominant. Conversely, the fiscal decentralisation and efficiency ratios did not show significant indirect effects, indicating that capital expenditure is not an effective mediator for these variables. These findings provide insights into how local financial management strategies can influence regional development, offering key policy recommendations for Banten's local government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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