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Yaşlanma, nöronal plastisite mekanizmalarını doğrudan etkileyen ve hücresel süreçlerdeki değişikliklerle açıklanabilen bilişsel işlevlerdeki gerileme ile ilişkili bir süreçtir. Yaşlanma süreci beyin boyutunda küçülmeye, beyin vasküler sisteminde ve bilişsel işlevlerde bozukluklara sebep olmaktadır. Beyinde gerçekleşen küçülme ile birlikte moleküler seviyeden doku seviyesine kadar her düzeyde işlevsel değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Nöral plastisite mekanizmaları bilişsel fonksiyonları düzenlemekte; öğrenme ve hafıza gibi fonksiyonların devamlılığı ve işlevselliği üzerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. İlgili süreçlerde yaşın ilerlemesine bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde azalma gözlenmektedir. Bu derleme çalışması ile doğal yaşlanma sürecinin nöral plastisite üzerine olan etkisi hipokampus, medial temporal lob ve prefrontal korteks yapıları üzerinden; davranışsal, morfolojik, hücresel ve moleküler yönleri ile tartışılarak; yaşlanmanın nöral plastisite üzerindeki etkisi ve yaşlanma ile ilişkili nöropatolojiler incelenecektir.

Amaç: Bu çalışma; Down Sendromlu çocuklarda ağız sağlığı durumunu, ailelerinin sosyo- ekonomik ve eğitim düzeylerine göre incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırma da; yüksek sosyo-ekonomik ve eğitim düzeyine sahip Down Sendromlu çocuk sahibi aileler ile düşük sosyo-ekonomik ve eğitim düzeyine sahip Down Sendromlu çocuk sahibi aileleri karşılaştırarak, aradaki farkları belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma cross-sectional özellik göstermektedir. İkameti İstanbul'da bulunan ve Marmara Üniversitesi hastası olan 66 Down Sendromlu çocuk, ağız sağlığı ve ailelerin sosyo-ekonomik ve eğitim düzeyi açısıyla hem anket hem de klinik muayene ile velileri tarafından sözlü olarak anamnez alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Cinsiyet grupları arasında; Chi kare testi ile diş fırçalama sıklığı, ebeveynlerin bilinci, ağız muayenesi sıklığı, medikal tedavi alma ve tedavi sırasında stres yaşama, eğitim düzeyi gibi kategoriler incelenmiştir. Aile farkındalığı listesinde 3 grup arasında; Diş fırçalama sıklığı, medikal tedavi, gelir ve eğitim düzeyi, tedavi sırasındaki stres ve oral kontrol sıklığı gibi kategoriler Chi kare testi ile karşılaştırıldı. Tüm analizlerde anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak ölçüldü ve doğruluğu kanıtlanmıştır. Sonuçlar: Down sendromlu çocukların ailelerinin sosyoekonomik düzeyi, ağız sağlığı durumlarında ve düzeylerinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the oral health status of children with Down syndrome in terms of the socio-economic and educational levels of their families. In this study a comparison has been made between families with a high socio-economic and educational level of children with offspring with Down's syndrome and families with low socio-economic and educational level with Down's syndrome to determine the differences. Material and Method: The study is cross-sectional. 66 children with Down Syndrome that are patients of Marmara University, have been assessed for oral health with a clinical examination and their families have been subjected to survey for socio-economic and educational information. Findings: Between groups of gender; categories such as frequency of dental brushing, awareness of parents, frequency of oral check-up, having a medical treatment and experiencing stress during the treatment, and educational level were examined via Chi square test. Among 3 groups in the list of family awareness; categories such as frequency of dental brushing, having a medical treatment, income and education level, experiencing stress during the treatment and frequency of oral check-up were compared via Chi square test. In all of the analyses significance level was measured to be 0.05. Results: The socio-economic level of families of children who have down syndrome play important role in their oral health conditions and levels. 94

The current neoliberal urbanization process offers microscale, partial, segmented solutions to urban problems from a perspective of postmodernity; however, the notion of comprehensive, large-scale urban planning based on the axis of modernity, with planning approaches that focus on human rights, participation, and democracy, has been accelerating. The primary critical approach to the state-led, property-led, transformation projects that have often been often at the forefront of the urban agenda as a reflection of neoliberal urban policies is that the projects usually haven't considered the views, expectations, and daily life of the residents of the neighborhood. Rather than solving socioeconomic problems, urban transformation projects have many times been reported to actually cause problems and lead to unjust treatment of residents. This article describes the first large-scale urban transformation activity project in Turkey's third-largest city, Izmir. The Kadifekale Urban Transformation Project, which was implemented with the collaboration of the central and the local government as part of the neoliberal era, is reflected in this article through the eyes of people who experienced the transformation in Kadifekale during the implementation phase. Data were obtained using the oral history method to reveal the expectations and views of groups who were affected by this urban transformation project, including the meaning they attributed to Kadifekale and the new place of resettlement, Uzundere. The oral history method was chosen for this research because it offers important opportunities to increase understanding of the transformation processes occurring in cities under neoliberal policies; it reveals the perspectives of "others," which are often unreadable and unrecognized on the socioeconomic and spatial information at the micro-level. The oral histories of this study record local resistance to the destruction of individual and social interpretations of the meaning of space.

Objective: The psychometric properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), developed to screen individuals for drug problems, are evaluated in Turkish patients with drug use disorder. Method: Participants included 100 adolescents with drug use disorder in a substance abuse treatment program for adolescents, 123 heroin dependent adults in a residential substance abuse treatment program, and 35 alcohol dependents from the same clinic who did not report a drug abuse problem. Results: The DAST-10 was found to be a psychometrically sound drug abuse screening measure with high convergent validity (r=0.76) when correlation with the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) was measured and to have a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92. In addition, a single component accounted for 59.35% of total variance, and the DAST-10 had sensitivity and specificity scores of 0.98 and 0.91, respectively, when using the optimal cut-off score of 4. Additionally, the DAST-10 showed good discriminant validity as it significantly differentiated patients with drug use disorder from alcohol dependents. Conclusions: These findings support the DAST as a reliable and valid drug abuse screening instrument that measures a unidimensional construct. Further research is warranted with additional clinical populations and with high risk populations such as those in criminal justice settings.

Personality dimensions and defense styles that are related with relapse during 12 month follow-up in male alcohol dependents Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the defense styles and the personality dimensions that are related with relapse to alcohol use 12 months after inpatient treatment in male alcohol dependents. Methods: Participants were 70 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents. Among these patients 44 were available to examine after 1 year. Patients were investigated with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Defense Styles Q (DSQ) at baseline. Results: Among 44 alcohol dependent inpatients 61.4% (n=27) were considered as relapsed to alcohol use. Current age was lower in relapsed group. Age at regular alcohol use, duration of education, regular income did not differ between groups. Rate of history of self-mutilation and/or suicide attempt at baseline were higher in relapsed group. Rate of changing social environment during 12 months after inpatient treatment was lower in the relapsed group, whereas using drugs and spending time with substance using friends were higher in this group. Mean scores of “acting-out”, “devaluation” and “displacement” were higher in the relapsed group. Also same immature defense styles predicted relapse together with self-directedness (SD). When current age was included in the analysis, being younger and high acting-out predicted relapse in alcohol dependents after inpatient treatment. Conclusions: Clinicians must be careful for younger alcohol dependents with lower SD and for those who

Amaç: Bu çalışmada opiyat yoksunluk şiddetini belirlemek için kullanılan Klinik Opiyat Yoksunluk Ölçeği (KOYÖ) Türkçe sürümünün güvenilirliği ve geçerliliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: KOYÖ, önce Türkçe'ye ardından yeniden İngilizce'ye geri çevrildi. İngilizce'ye çevirisi yapılan sürümün özgünlüğü, ölçeği geliştiren çalışmacı-lar tarafından onaylandı. Çeviri işleminin tamamlanmasının ardından ölçek opiyat yoksunluğunda olan 100 hasta ile alkol yoksunluğunda olan 41 has-tanın yoksunluk bulgularını değerlendirmek üzere kullanıldı. Güvenilirlik değerlendirmesinde Cronbach alfa; yapısal geçerlilik değerlendirmesinde açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi; ölçüt geçerliliğinde ise tanı grupları arasında ROC analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Güvenilirlik çözümlemelerinde Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsa-yısı 0,74 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Görüşmeciler arası bağıntı katsayısı 0,975 (p

Rabia Bilici,1 Esra Yazici,2 Ali Evren Tufan,3 Elif Mutlu,4 Filiz Ä°zci,1 Görkem Karakas Ugurlu5 1Erenkoy Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul; 2Sakarya University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya, 3Abant Izzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu, 4Bakirköy Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, 5Yildirim Beyazit University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey Background: Motivation for treatment on the part of patients with addictive disorders is known to affect their prognosis, and lack thereof is reported to be among the most common reasons for failed treatment adherence and relapse after treatment. This study evaluated the relationship between volunteering, personality, demographic factors, and motivation for treatment. Methods: The study was conducted at a substance dependence center in the eastern part of Turkey. Forty-five patients (mean age 37.9±11.2 years) with a substance use disorder were included. They were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) Axis II disorders. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck depression and anxiety inventories, and motivation for treatment was measured using the Turkish version of the Texas Christian University Motivation for Treatment scale. Results: All patients had been using substances daily and 41 (88.9%) had been using multiple drugs. The most commonly used substance was heroin (n=18, 40%). Voluntary admission was a predictor of motivation for treatment (P

Defense styles that are related with history of self-mutilation and suicide attempt in alcohol dependent inpatients Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of defense styles with history of selfmutilation (SM) and suicide attempt (SA) in alcohol dependent inpatients. Method: Participants were consecutively admitted 118 male alcohol dependent inpatients. Patients were investigated with the Self-Mutilative Behavior Questionnaire (SMBQ) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Results: Acting-out was higher in alcohol dependent patients with a history of SM (n=53, 44.92%) and predicted SM in this group, together with being younger. On the other hand, sublimation, anticipation and suppression (and total mature defense style score) were lower in alcohol dependent patients with suicide attempt history (n=31, 28.44%), but only low anticipation predicted suicide attempt history in this group together with being younger. Conclusion: These results show that to reduce self-mutilative behaviors and SAs among young alcohol dependent inpatients, therapies should focus on increasing the use of mature defense styles and decreasing the use of immature defense styles.