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Introducci��n: La educaci��n a distancia producto del SARS-CoV-2 condujo a que se reflexionara sobre la importancia de las Competencias Digitales de los Docentes en distintos niveles educativos, sobre todo en la Educaci��n Superior. Objetivo: Analizar los Marcos de Competencias Digitales Docentes y sus aportes al profesorado de educaci��n superior en Latinoam��rica. M��todos: Se realiz�� una revisi��n anal��tica documental de los distintos Marcos que definen las Competencias Digitales Docentes; competencias espec��ficas y niveles de adquisici��n. Resultados: La alfabetizaci��n digital, el uso de las Tecnolog��as de la Informaci��n y el dominio de las competencias digitales requiere que se complementen de una pr��ctica educativa fundamentada en la reflexi��n y pensamiento cr��tico. Adem��s, se encontr�� que en Latinoam��rica no hay estudios fundamentados en los Marcos de Competencias Digitales Docentes. Consideraciones finales: Es importante que se realicen m��s evaluaciones a los docentes universitarios de Latinoam��rica usando como base te��rica los Marcos de Competencias Digitales Docentes.

The current human reference genome, GRCh38, represents over 20 years of effort to generate a high-quality assembly, which has benefitted societysup1,2/sup. However, it still has many gaps and errors, and does not represent a biological genome as it is a blend of multiple individualssup3,4/sup. Recently, a high-quality telomere-to-telomere reference, CHM13, was generated with the latest long-read technologies, but it was derived from a hydatidiform mole cell line with a nearly homozygous genomesup5/sup. To address these limitations, the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium formed with the goal of creating high-quality, cost-effective, diploid genome assemblies for a pangenome reference that represents human genetic diversitysup6/sup. Here, in our first scientific report, we determined which combination of current genome sequencing and assembly approaches yield the most complete and accurate diploid genome assembly with minimal manual curation. Approaches that used highly accurate long reads and parent-child data with graph-based haplotype phasing during assembly outperformed those that did not. Developing a combination of the top-performing methods, we generated our first high-quality diploid reference assembly, containing only approximately four gaps per chromosome on average, with most chromosomes within ±1% of the length of CHM13. Nearly 48% of protein-coding genes have non-synonymous amino acid changes between haplotypes, and centromeric regions showed the highest diversity. Our findings serve as a foundation for assembling near-complete diploid human genomes at scale for a pangenome reference to capture global genetic variation from single nucleotides to structural rearrangements.

Additional file 1. Supplementary material.

A mediados del siglo pasado, existían dos tipos de científicos de la agronomía en México. Unos, que veían una agricultura atrasada y que había, ciegamente, que llevar hacia los avances tecnológicos más modernos. Otros, que salían al campo y exploraban intensivamente los sistemas indígenas y campesinos. El estudiar y dar a conocer la riqueza tanto biológica como humana que albergaban estos sistemas, dio pie a la agroecología en este país. Sobra decir que varios de los pioneros de esa ciencia a nivel mundial, fueron aprendices de sistemas indígenas mexicanos. En este trabajo se hace el esfuerzo por narrar los hitos históricos más importantes en la investigación y la enseñanza de la agroecología en el pasado y en la actualidad; además, hacemos también una reflexión sobre los desafíos que enfrenta esa disciplina. Summary History of agroecology in Mexico Inthemid of thelastcentury, thereweretwotypes of agronomyscientists in Mexico. A groupthatperceivedtraditionalagriculture as backwards and in need of modernizationwithadvancedtechnologies. Othersthatworking in thefields, observed and admiredpeasant and indigenoussystems. Theseresearcherswhostudied and describedthe biocultural richness of thesesystemsprovidedthefoundationsforthedevelopment of agroecology in Mexico. Many of thepioners of agroecology at the global levelwereinspiredbyMexicanindigenoussystems. In thisworkwestriveto describe thehistoricallandmarks of thedevelopment of agroecologicaleducation and research in thepast and today, whileelaboratingonthechallengesfacingagroecologytoday and in thefuture.

In recent years a large number of Model-Driven Web development approaches have been designed and are being applied with success in real environments. However, as new ones are frequently emerging in this changing time, authors have to change and update them constantly and, consequently; development teams do not know which is the most suitable for them because in many cases it depends on their project scope. Furthermore, approaches are usually appearing with different concepts and terminologies in many cases, although all lack the use of standards and practical experience. Thus, the need of managing quality in this type of approach arises every day. This paper suggests a characterization of these methodologies in order to use this information for the quality management of Model-Driven Web development methodologies for authors and development teams alike. In addition, an experimental study in order to analyse and evaluate a Model-Driven Web development methodology (the NDT methodology) has been carried out within a specific work context. Junta de Andalucía TIC-5789 Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2010-20057-C03-02

Pineapple is one of the most important tropical crops worldwide. The use of Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIB) for the first stages of pineapple propagation enables precise control of plant growth, increases the rate of plant multiplication, decreases space, energy and labor requirements for pineapple plants in commercial micropropagation. Once the plantlets are ready to be taken from the reactors, they are carefully acclimatized to adapt to natural environmental conditions, and a facultative C3/CAM metabolism in the first two months of growth is characteristic of pineapple plants, depending on environmental conditions. We subjected two sets of micropropagated pineapple plants to C3 and CAM-inducing environmental conditions, determined by light intensity/relative humidity (respectively 40μmol.m-2s-1/85% and 260μmol.m-2.s-1/50%). Leaves of pineapple plants grown under CAM inducing conditions showed higher leaf thickness and more developed cuticles and hypodermic tissue. Proteomic profiles of several proteins, isoenzyme patterns and transcriptomic profiles were also measured. Five major spots were isolated and identified, two of them for the first time in Ananas comosus (OEE 1; OEE 2) and the other three corresponding to small fragments of the large subunit of Rubisco (LSU). PEPC and PEPCK were also detected by immunobloting of 2DE at the end of both ex vitro treatments (C3/CAM) during the dark period. Isoenzymes of SOD and CAT were identified by electrophoresis and the transcript levels of OEE 1 and CAT were associated with CAM metabolism in pineapple plants.

Data are tabulated and discussed from a study carried out between March and May 2005 in the Cuban province of Granma, in which losses were evaluated during the collection and cold storage of 4 varieties of potatoes (Desirée, Romano, Spunta and Santana). The data include type of damage/defect (mechanical, rot, greenness, etc.) and quality evaluation (including chemical composition indicators) and control

Aquaculture, like any other productive activity which uses natural resources, can have an impact on the environment. Both the magnitude and dimension of this influence are related to the type of culture being carried out, and the geographic location of the farm. The present study focuses on the environmental impact associated with aquaculture activities (both inland and off-shore), and identifies the best indicators in the water column and the seabed, in order to further our knowledge of the environmental impact of this activity, thus helping to improve the design of aquaculture environmental monitoring. Aunque la acuicultura marina, en comparación con otros sectores productivos y otras actividades que se desarrollan en el litoral, origine un efecto menor sobre el medio ambiente, es obvio que puede producir algún impacto, y por ello, para asegurar el respeto a los valores medioambientales del entorno y cumplir correctamente los principios del desarrollo sostenible, lo importante es conocer cuáles pueden ser esos impactos, para tratar de corregirlos o, según los casos, minimizarlos. En el presente estudio se trata de establecer los indicadores ambientales para el seguimiento de la actividad, tanto en instalaciones en mar abierto como en instalaciones en tierra, contribuyendo a mejorar el diseño de programas de vigilancia ambiental para cada tipo de instalación. Instituto Español de Oceanografía

RESUMENEl sindrome de Goldenhar es una rara condicion, de aparicion esporadica, y con componentegenetico debil. Se caracteriza por un espectro de malformaciones faciales, especialmente deformacionesoculares (ausencia o hipotrofia ocular) y malformaciones auriculares, que caracteristicamente comprome-ten una hemicara, con presencia o ausencia de anomalias vertebrales. Se presenta un caso clinico dela asociacion de Sindrome de Goldenhar y embarazo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Sindrome de Goldenhard y embarazoSUMMARYGoldenhar syndrome is a rare condition of sporadic appearance and with a weak genetic component.Is characterized by face malformations, especially ophthalmologic (ocular absence or hypotrophy) andauricular malformations, that characteristically jeopardizes one hemiface, with presence or absence ofvertebral anomalies. We presented a case of the association of Goldenhar syndrome and pregnancy.KEY WORDS: Goldenhar syndrome and pregnancy Casos Clinicos INTRODUCCIONEl sindrome de Goldenhar, tambien denomina-do sindrome del primer y segundo arco branquialo espectro oculo-auriculo-vertebral, es un comple-jo de anomalias craneofaciales unilaterales y ver-tebrales. Fue descrito originalmente por Von Arlt,pero no fue considerado hasta 1952, cuandoGoldenhar reporto tres nuevos casos de este com-plejo que se ha referido posteriormente con sunombre (1). En 1990, Gorlin et al (2) extendieronlas especificaciones a un complejo de hechos queincluia un sindrome facioauriculoventricular, microtiahemifacial, disostosis otomandibular, como tam-bien el sindrome de Goldenhar originalmente des-crito y otras anomalias del primer y segundo arcobranquial. Estos hallazgos pueden encontrarse ensolitario o habitualmente asociados a microtia,hipoplasia mandibular, o malformaciones verte-brales congenitas (3). La incidencia es limitada yvaria entre 1 caso en 45.000 a 2 en 100.000habitantes.Se ha postulado que se presenta como conse-cuencia a una inadecuada oxigenacion tisular,debido a hipogenesis de la arteria estapedica ysus divisiones supraorbital y maxilomandibular.Estos vasos nutren el arco branquial entre la ter-cera y quinta semana, despues de la desaparicionde los primeros dos arcos aorticos y antes deldesarrollo de la arteria carotida externa (4).En nuestro medio no existen publicaciones deeste sindrome asociado a embarazo, motivo por lo

El síndrome de Goldenhar es una rara condición, de aparición esporádica, y con componente genético débil. Se caracteriza por un espectro de malformaciones faciales, especialmente deformaciones oculares (ausencia o hipotrofia ocular) y malformaciones auriculares, que característicamente comprometen una hemicara, con presencia o ausencia de anomalías vertebrales. Se presenta un caso clínico de la asociación de Síndrome de Goldenhar y embarazo

El síndrome de Goldenhar es una rara condición, de aparición esporádica, y con componente genético débil. Se caracteriza por un espectro de malformaciones faciales, especialmente deformaciones oculares (ausencia o hipotrofia ocular) y malformaciones auriculares, que característicamente comprometen una hemicara, con presencia o ausencia de anomalías vertebrales. Se presenta un caso clínico de la asociación de Síndrome de Goldenhar y embarazo Goldenhar syndrome is a rare condition of sporadic appearance and with a weak genetic component. Is characterized by face malformations, especially ophthalmologic (ocular absence or hypotrophy) and auricular malformations, that characteristically jeopardizes one hemiface, with presence or absence of vertebral anomalies. We presented a case of the association of Goldenhar syndrome and pregnancy

The rescue of commercial species is a priority for biotechnology to increase multiplication rate and develop reforestation. Such programmes can be carried out simultaneously with the development of the country to mantain the ecosystem natural equilibrium. Teak (Tectona grandis L.) is a forest tree of high commercial and ecological value because of its rapid growth and wood quality. Teak is a specie with problems in the propagation as a result of its high genetic variability. For this reason, alternatives to produce propagules have been developed. With the aim to obtain plants regeneration from this were used shoot tips and flowers immature of mature tree explants and cotyledons from seed. Different thidiazuron concentrations was tested for callus formation and cytokinins for plants regeneration. Nodular calli was obtained from shoot tips, cotyledons and flowers immature. The shoots regeneration was achieved in calli from shoot tips., El rescate de especies de interés comercial es una de las líneas prioritarias de la biotecnología, como herramienta básica en el apoyo al mejoramiento de árboles elite. La teca (Tectona grandis L.) es una especie de alto interés comercial y ecológico por su rápido crecimiento y la calidad de su madera. Es una especie que tiene graves problemas para la propagación por su alta variabilidad genética de las plantas producidas por semillas. El objetivo fue establecer una metodología para la regeneración de plantas de esta especie forestal con vistas a utilizarlas en los programas de mejoramiento genético. Se utilizaron ápices y botones florales de árboles adultos y cotiledones de semillas como explantes. Las semillas se desinfectaron con HgCl2 al 0,2 % durante 10 min. para el establecimiento in vitro de los cotiledones. Se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones de Thidiazuron en los explantes antes señalados, con el objetivo de lograr la formación de callos y diferentes niveles de Bencilaminopurina y Kinetina para la emisión de brotes. Se logró la formación de callos en todos los explantes empleados. Se formaron callos nodulares a partir de los segmentos ápices, cotiledones y botones florales y se regeneraron brotes en los callos provenientes de ápices

Software Project Estimation is one of the most critical and complex task for a Project manager. Several techniques, tools and mechanisms were proposed in the literature. However, these solutions are sometimes difficult and expensive to be applied and too frequently, the final estimation is made according to the manager experience. In this paper we present a preliminary approach based on the Use Case Points technique, which is adapted for the Model-Driven environment of NDT. This technique is automatically applied, thanks to the metamodels definition, and it is presented in a tool named NDT-Counter. Additionally, the paper presents an initial empirical evaluation of the results. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2010-20057-C03-02 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN 2010-12312-E Junta de Andalucía TIC-5789

Service-Level Agreements (SLA) is one of the well-known mechanisms to manage the services offered by a provider. In software engineering, it is usually taken as the starting point to define the collaboration between the development team and clients. More concretely, an SLA is a part of a service contract where the level of service is formally defined. In this document, both providers and clients purchase commitments that rule the working guidelines in a software project. However, despite its relevance, sometimes it is difficult or too subjective to assure that providers and clients are following SLA. This paper proposes a research approach based on the standard WS-Agreement and model-based paradigms that offers a mechanism for SLA testing and presents an initial evaluation of this approach in a Web methodology named NDT (Navigational Development Techniques). The paper refers to some practical experiences so as to evaluate the quality of the results, as well as introduces a new research line as a future work. Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia e Innovación TIN2010-20057-C03 Junta de Andalucía TIC-5789

Context: The benefits of the Model-Driven Software Engineering application for Service-Oriented Computing. Objective: This paper proposes a Model-Based approach for Service-Oriented Systems Development. Method: Following the Model-Driven Reverse Engineering process, from the models discovery, to the generation of the current Model-Based Approach for Service-Oriented Systems Development. Results: The CERVANTES metamodel is presented and compared to other initiatives. Conclusions: This study shows how Model-Driven Engineering can be used to develop Service- Oriented Systems in practice. Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Turismo TSI-020302-2010-80 Junta de Andalucía TIC-5789 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-46928-C3-3-R

The test phase is one of the most critical in Software Engineering. During this phase, the development team has to assure that the system covers the user's requirements and expectations. This paper presents a global view of an approach named NDT (Navigational Development Techniques), which uses the model driven paradigm to generate test cases from functional requirements. This paper analyzes this process and refers to the AQUA-WS project: a real project which is currently using this process. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2007-67843-C06-03 Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2010-20057-C03-02 Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2010-12312-E

Systems of Systems (SoS) are emerging applications composed by subsystems that interacts in a distributed and heterogeneous environment. Web-based technologies are a current trend to achieve SoS user interaction. Model Driven Web Engineering (MDWE) is the application of Model Driven Engineering (MDE) into the Web development domain. This paper presents a MDWE methodology to include Web-based interaction into SoS development. It's composed of ten models and seven model transformations and it's fully implemented in a support tool for its usage in practice. Quality aspects covered through the traceability from the requirements to the nal code are exposed. The feasibility of the approach is validated by its application into a real-world project. A preliminary analysis of potential benets (reduction of eort, time, cost; improve of quality; design vs code ratio, etc) is done by comparison to other project as an initial hypothesis for a future planned experimentation research. Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad TIN2013-46928-C3- 3-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad TIN2015-71938-REDT

The use of seawater for mining purposes in Chile has progressively increased in recent years as fast as the interest on the negative effects of biofouling on the inner part of pipelines used to transport seawater. To prevent biofouling, chemical antifouling compounds are traditionally used, thus, causing negative environmental impacts. The aim of this research has, therefore, been to evaluate the efficiency of static magnetic fields (SMF) generators to mitigate the biofouling. Hence, experimental activities have been conducted on high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes equipped with neodymium magnets during two experimental periods in the year of 2019, i.e., autumn–winter (A–W) and spring–summer (S–S), and under two types of SMF, i.e., continuous-type (PCS) and pulse-type (PPS). Physicochemical parameters and cell viability of microorganisms composing the biofilm were investigated. Metagenomic analyses on biofilm were conducted as well. The results showed that the cell viability was the highest, i.e., 757,780 cells/cm2, during S–S and the lowest, i.e., 349,151 cells/cm2, in A–W, both under PCS. In S–S, as well as A–W, biofilm was characterized for the most abundant eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) under PPS conditions. The presence of OTUs, such as Articiflavibacter spp., Chaetonotida spp. and Desmodorida spp., was observed only from SMF tests., This research was funded by ANID/FONDEF/IDEA, grant number ID15I10487, and, in part, by the Programa Semilleros de Investigación: “Caracterización de una línea base para el análisis y determinación de los componentes celulares”, by the Fondo para el Desarrollo en investigación científica y/o tecnológica de actividades de titulación de pregrado 2018: “Producción de metabolitos de alto valor económico mediante exposición a un campo magnético estático tipo continuo y tipo pulso en las microalgas Scenedesmus obliquus y Nannochloropsis gaditana”, by Programa Asignación año 2021 de Asistentes de investigación de la Universidad de Antofagasta código ANT20992 and partially supported by “Antonio Panico visit at the Universidad de Antofagasta” and supported by MINEDUC-UA project code ANT1999.

Intraventricular hemorrhage is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The rupture of the germinal zone into the ventricles entails loss of neural stem cells and disturbs the normal cytoarchitecture of the region, compromising late neurogliogenesis. Here we demonstrate that neural stem cells can be easily and robustly isolated from the hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid obtained during therapeutic neuroendoscopic lavage in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Our analyses demonstrate that these neural stem cells, although similar to human fetal cell lines, display distinctive hallmarks related to their regional and developmental origin in the germinal zone of the ventral forebrain, the ganglionic eminences that give rise to interneurons and oligodendrocytes. These cells can be expanded, cryopreserved, and differentiated in vitro and in vivo in the brain of nude mice and show no sign of tumoral transformation 6 months after transplantation. This novel class of neural stem cells poses no ethical concerns, as the fluid is usually discarded, and could be useful for the development of an autologous therapy for preterm infants, aiming to restore late neurogliogenesis and attenuate neurocognitive deficits. Furthermore, these cells represent a valuable tool for the study of the final stages of human brain development and germinal zone biology., Germinal zone neural stem cells (Gz‐NSC) are isolated from the hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid of preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. These cells express ventral and posterior forebrain markers, can be differentiated and do not cause tumors. Gz‐NSC represent a valuable tool for the development of new cell therapies and the study of human Gz biology.