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In this work, several potential natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were evaluated as sustainable solvents in the development of an ultrasound (US)-assisted extraction method for sulfonamides from soil samples and final determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Choline chloride (ChCl) was used as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and different carboxylic acids and alcohols were tested as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) in different molar ratios in order to find the optimum combination able to form appropriated NADES for the extraction of sulfonamides. Among the different mixtures tested, the one consisting of ChCl:1,3-propanediol in a molar ratio of 1:4 showed the better physico-chemical properties and was selected for the US-assisted extraction of sulfonamides. Under optimum conditions, no matrix effect was observed and quantitative recoveries, ranging from 81.9 % to 103.9 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 8 % were obtained, reaching limits of quantification within the range 8.5–31 µg Kg−1, depending upon the analyte. In addition, after evaluation by AGREEprep, Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) metrics tools, the proposed method was found to be superior to other published methods in terms of safety and environmental impact with good applicability potential.

Nowadays, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are well established and are considered excellent materials for performing selective extractions. However, with the progressive implementation of the principles of green chemistry, it is necessary to find greener alternatives for both the synthesis and further use of MIPs in sample preparation. Accordingly, in the present work, different deep eutectic solvents (DES, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic), as an alternative to conventional organic solvents (i.e., toluene), were evaluated as porogens for the synthesis of imprinted fibers (monoliths), using fused silica capillaries as molds, for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). From this study, the polymer prepared with propazine (dummy template), methacrylic acid (monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linker), and a formic acid:L-menthol (1:1) DES (porogen) showed the best performance for selective rebinding of triazines. After optimization of the different variables involved in SPME, the new imprinted fibers were successfully applied to the extraction of target analytes (desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, simazine, and atrazine) from soil sample extracts, providing relative recoveries ranging from 75.7 to 120.1%, reaching limits of detection within the range of 6.2-15.7 ng g-1, depending upon the analyte.

In light of growing concerns over sustainability, particularly in the wake of environmental disasters like the Aznalcollar dam break, the Spanish authorities have heightened their awareness of issues surrounding ore tailings management. The main aim of this paper is to study the dynamic behavior for the dry closure of the Almagrera dam under the action of an earthquake. This study was carried out with the Plaxis 2D v9.02 program, which uses the finite element (FE) method. The dynamic analysis of the dam was interpreted in terms of deformations, displacements and principal stresses. The construction of the Uniform Seismic Hazard Acceleration Response Spectrum (USHARS) and the selection of real accelerograms for the time-history dynamic calculations is a noted feature of this research. Numerical analyses show that the dam is safe enough because a failure surface has not been formed, although several plastic zones may appear in the dam. The FE study of deformations display that the tailings may attain large deformations, displacements and failure, although this does not jeopardize the safety of the dam where the displacements are smaller than 3 mm. Neither the tailings nor the dam are expected to suffer liquefaction. It was determined that the 0.09 g threshold value is not exceeded in the acceleration-time graphs on the old reservoir field surface, which is the most critical situation.

Accounting for marine stocks spatiotemporal complexity has become one of the most pressing improvements that should be added to the new generation of stock assessment. Disentangling persistent and dynamic population subcomponents and understanding their main drivers of variation are still stock-specific challenges. Here, we hypothesized that the spatiotemporal variability of two adjacent fish stocks density is associated with spatially structured environmental processes across multiple spatiotemporal scales. To test this, we applied a generalized Empirical Orthogonal Function and Dynamic Factor Analysis to fishery-independent and -dependent data of red mullet, a highly commercial species, in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Areas with persistent and dynamic high aggregations were detected for both stock units. A large-scale climatic index and local open-ocean convection were associated with both stocks while other variables exhibited stock-specific effects. We also revealed spatially structured density dynamics within the examined management units. This suggests a metapopulation structure and supports the future implementation of a spatial stock assessment. Considering the common assumptions of panmictic structure and absence of connectivity with neighbouring stock units, our methodology can be applied to other species and systems with putative spatial complexity to inform a more accurate structure of biological populations.

Accounting for marine stocks spatiotemporal complexity has become one of the most pressing improvements that should be added to the new generation of stock assessment. Disentangling persistent and dynamic population subcomponents and understanding their main drivers of variation are still stock-specific challenges. Here, we hypothesized that the spatiotemporal variability of density in two adjacent fish stocks is associated with spatially structured environmental processes across multiple spatiotemporal scales. To test this, we applied a generalized empirical orthogonal function and dynamic factor analysis to fishery-independent and -dependent data of red mullet, a highly commercial species, in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Areas with persistent and dynamic high aggregations were detected for both stock units. A large-scale climatic index and local open-ocean convection were associated with both stocks, while other variables exhibited stock-specific effects. We also revealed spatially structured density dynamics within the examined management units. This suggests a metapopulation structure and supports the future implementation of a spatial stock assessment. Considering the common—generally unrealistic—assumptions of panmictic structure and absence of connectivity with neighbouring stock units, our methodology can be applied to other species and systems with putative spatial complexity to inform more accurate population dynamics and structure.

In this work, the use of a hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as supported liquid membrane (SLM) for hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) of triazines is proposed. The combination of formic acid:L-menthol (2:1) was selected as optimum. FT-IR spectra of selected NADES and its components associated to Fig. S1 of paper submitted to Microchemical Journal are provided as csv files as follow: FigS1 (menthol); FigS1 (formic acid); FigS1 /NADES).

In this work, the use of a hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as supported liquid membrane (SLM) for hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) of triazines is proposed. The combination of formic acid:L-menthol (2:1) was selected as optimum. The optimized HF-LPME procedure was applied to the analysis of an artificial water containing humic acids, tap and river water, and urine samples by HPLC with UV detection at 268 nm. The chromatographic data associated to Fig.6 and 7 of paper submitted to Microchemical Journal are provided as csv files as follows: Fig6a: Milli-Q water; Fig6b; artificial water; Fig7a: Tap water; Fig7b: River water; Fig7c: Urine river. All the samples were spiked with selected sulfonamides at 5 µg/L concentration level.

Molecular imprinting technology is a well-established technique for the obtainment of tailor-made polymers, so-called molecularly imprinted polymers, with a predetermined selectivity towards a target analyte or structurally related compounds. Accordingly, molecularly imprinted polymers are considered excellent materials for sample preparation providing unprecedented selectivity to analytical methods. However, the use of molecularly imprinted polymers in sample preparation still presents some shortcomings derived from the synthesis procedure itself limiting its general applicability. In this regard, molecularly imprinted polymers use to display binding sites heterogeneity and slow diffusion mass transfer of analytes to the imprinted sites affecting their overall performance. Besides, the performance of molecularly imprinted polymers in organic solvents is excellent, but their selective binding ability in aqueous media is considerably reduced. Accordingly, the present review pretends to provide an updated overview of the recent advances and trends of molecularly imprinted polymers-based extraction, focusing on those strategies proposed for the improvement of mass transfer and selective recognition in aqueous media. Besides, with the progressive implementation of Green Chemistry principles, the different steps and strategies for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers are reviewed from a green perspective.

The use of molecularly imprinted polymers in sample preparation is nowadays well-established thanks to their ability to provide unprecedented selectivity during extraction and clean-up steps. However, both their synthesis and subsequent use are far from being considered green. Accordingly, in the present chapter, the greenness of the different steps and strategies for the preparation and use of molecularly imprinted polymers in sample preparation is critically reviewed, and recent alternatives to make the use of molecularly imprinted polymers more sustainable are provided.

Highly developed analytical instrumentation (i.e., chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry) is now available in most analytical laboratories; thus, it is possible to determine any kind of organic compound. However, the direct analysis of crude sample extracts negatively affects the quality of the obtained results in terms of both precision and accuracy, and potentially damages the detection equipment. Therefore, an adequate sample preparation should be performed before final determination in order to reduce the matrix effect during the subsequent measurement step. Moreover, sample preparation allows an increase in the concentration (trace enrichment) of target analytes, which in turn allows researchers to reach the low-detection limits necessary to meet the current stringent regulations established by national and international authorities. Other sample-preparation objectives–such as reducing both the sample size and the amountof organic solvents and glassware to be used, facilitating automatization, and increasing sample throughput—have been established during the last decades.

In this work, the use of a hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as supported liquid membrane (SLM) for hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) of sulfonamides is proposed. The combination of formic acid:L-menthol (1:1) was selected as optimum. The optimized HF-LPME procedure was applied to the analysis of an artificial water containing humic acids, tap and river water samples by HPLC with UV detection at 268 nm. The chromatographic data associated to Fig.7 of paper published in Advances of Sample Preparation are provided as csv files as follows: Fig7Aa: Milli-Q water; Fig7Ab; artificial water; Fig7Ba: Tap water (a); Fig7Bb: Manzanares river; Fig7Bc: Jarama river. All the samples were spiked with selected sulfonamides at 10 µg/L concentration level.

The equivalent frame (EF) idealisation of masonry structures is widely used in engineering structures. Despite its simplifications, reliable numerical models can be produced to calculate the seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Different EF modelling approaches have been implemented in commercial software specifically conceived for performing nonlinear analyses on URM buildings (such as 3Muri, adopted in this study). Furthermore, the adoption of such an approach is also possible in general-purpose structural analyses software packages, such as OpenSees, through an ad hoc implementation of analysts. The aim of this paper is to compare various EF modelling approaches by adopting alternative nonlinear beam-elements in OpenSees belonging to the distributed and the lumped plasticity. To this aim, the responses of some benchmark cases study available in the literature from the “URM nonlinear modelling-benchmark project” within the context of ReLUIS projects have been adopted to preliminary test the reliability of the alternative approaches considered. In particular, they consist of some single panels and a trilith, for which the results of various software are already available. In the paper, the results obtained with OpenSees have been more in-depth compared with 3Muri, which is assumed as representative of a larger set of EF models adopted in engineering-practice (having already verified in previous works that it provides a reasonable scatter with other software package options). Then, the analyses have been extended as well to a 3D building representative of the neighbourhood of ‘El Plantinar’ in Seville. An accurate comparison has been carried out in terms of generalised forces, drifts and damage at an element and at a global scale. The results have shown that the method proposed in this manuscript allows using OpenSees to calculate masonry structures with the EF approach with a good agreement to other engineering-practice oriented tools. Thus, t

Fish body condition and growth are two interrelated traits closely associated with species life history and fitness, whose trade-off can ultimately impact population dynamics albeit seldom empirically demonstrated. They can intricately affect survival rates, which are particularly relevant for species under exploitation. Using individual spatiotemporal information in Northwestern Mediterranean, we document for the first time the existence of a trade-off between condition and growth in regulating survival dynamics in two important fish species for the Mediterranean fisheries that are characterized by contrasting life histories. For the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), a benthopelagic species, juveniles' body condition was detected to be positively linked to survival and negatively associated with the growth of this age group. For the red mullet (Mullus barbatus), the same pattern was observed for young adults. We also show that the observed patterns on a regional level have a clear spatial dependence as we found that observed body condition over a local scale had a broad effect on the population dynamics of the whole region, with the Ebro delta area emerging as the demographic engine of the two species. We discuss our results in the context of fisheries management and underline the importance of improving current stock assessment models and spatially based fishery management towards incorporating body condition and growth due to their influence on important parameters such as survival.

By evaluating genetic variation across the entire genome, one can address existing questions in a novel way while raising new ones. The latter include how different local environments influence adaptive and neutral genomic variation within and among populations, providing insights into local adaptation of natural populations and their responses to global change. Here, under a seascape genomic approach, ddRAD data of 4609 SNPs from 398 sardines (Sardina pilchardus) collected in 11 Mediterranean and one Atlantic site were generated. These were used along with oceanographic and ecological information to detect signals of adaptive divergence with gene flow across environmental gradients. The studied sardines constitute two clusters (FST=0.07), a pattern attributed to outlier loci, highlighting putative local adaptation. The trend in the number of days with sea surface temperature above 19oC, critical threshold for successful sardine spawning, was crucial at all levels of population structuring with implications on species’ key biological processes. Outliers link candidate SNPs to the region's environmental heterogeneity. Our findings provide evidence for a dynamic equilibrium where population structure is maintained by physical and ecological factors under the opposing influences of migration and selection. This dynamic in nature system, warrants continuous monitoring under a seascape genomic approach that might benefit from a temporal and more detailed spatial dimension. Our results may contribute to complementary studies aimed at providing deeper insights into the mechanistic processes underlying population structuring. Those are key for understanding and predicting future changes and responses of this highly exploited species in the face of climate change.

Existing heritage buildings can be especially vulnerable to earthquakes. They were designed only considering gravity loads and some of them are located in earthquake prone areas, such as the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Besides, there is a high uncertainty in the definition of their constructive parameters and complex geometry. Due to that, it is paramount to develop accurate numerical models to obtain a reliable assessment of their seismic behaviour. Given this, the main objective of this manuscript is to analyse the seismic behaviour of the Giralda tower, located in Seville (Spain). It was declared as a Word Heritage Site of Outstanding Universal Value by the UNESCO in 1987. Seville has a moderate seismic hazard, but it has been shown that the soft alluvial strata amplify the seismic action. The tower has a brick and stone masonry structure, which was constructed in several construction phases. A 3D Finite Element Model of the tower has been developed using OpenSees software, employing a 3D CAD model. Modal analyses and nonlinear static analyses have been applied to calibrate and to assess the tower’s seismic behaviour. The results showed significant differences in function of the load pattern. It should be remarked that the boundary conditions have a notable effect upon getting a good calibration of the model. Regarding the damage, it has been found to match the historic records: the ramps would be ruined and, in the outer wall, it would be concentrated near the openings, especially close to the belfry.

The computational burden needed to perform a fragility analysis of structures can be excessive and beyond the capability of regular computing systems. In this work, a Neural Network (NN) implementation is presented to make fragility analyses attainable. Neural Networks allow finding solutions to complex problems at a fraction of the computational time required by conventional analyses. The fragility assessment has been developed for low- and mid-rise 3D buildings located in southern Spain, a moderate earthquake prone area. Nonlinear static analyses are carried out to determine the capacity curves of reinforced concrete buildings, avoiding their specific modelling. The curves are predicted with minimal error, requiring only basic geometric and material parameters of the structures to be specified. Four levels of performance-based seismic design have been considered to assess the seismic performance. Fragility curves have been developed for the structural models with different types of structural configurations and heights. Finally, it should be noted that fragility curves have not been obtained to date for the reinforced concrete buildings of the area.

This manuscript discusses some preliminary results on the structural and the seismic performance of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba, a UNESCO World Heritage. The area is characterized by a moderate seismic hazard. The building was built from the 8th to the 16th century and it has undergone several transformations. Owing to the complexity of the building, this work has focused on the assessment of the Abd al-Rahman I sector, which is the most aged part of the complex. For that, first, a 3D numerical finite element model of the sector has been done in the OpenSees framework and calibrated. To do so, an experimental non-destructive campaign has been carried out. Second, the model has been used to evaluate the structural behaviour, under vertical and horizontal loads, considering different scenarios. Finally, the crack patterns and the seismic safety have been obtained. The results showed that the numerical damage obtained for the gravitational loads is in good agreement with the data collected from the in situ surveys. Also, particular attention should be paid to the cymatiums, as they are the most demanded part of the system. Regarding its seismic performance, the building presents a higher capacity in the direction of the arcades. For the seismic demand, slight damage is expected in both principal directions of the building, which could be easily repaired. Damage concentration is expected in the contact between the perimetral wall and the arcades. This work has expanded the study of the features of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba to the structural and seismic analysis with advanced numerical FE computing, which has not been done to date. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a macro-modelling approach with solid elements is presented for the seismic assessment of heritage buildings using the OpenSees framework. The methodology to do so is also presented. Apart from showing how advanced numerical analyses can provide useful information to assess the e

Las litiasis de origen genético son causadas por patologías hereditarias raras, en las que la acumulación de compuestos en orina se asocia con la formación de cálculos urinarios recurrentes, generando consecuencias perjudiciales para el paciente. La espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) es una metodología de referencia en el análisis y la identificación inequívoca de compuestos presentes en los cálculos urinarios. El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de describir el empleo de la técnica FTIR y su importancia como herramienta diagnóstica de las litiasis de origen genético en el Paraguay. El diseño fue observacional descriptivo y fueron analizados mediante FTIR cálculos urinarios provenientes de 740 pacientes con datos demográficos y clínicos. Del total, 104 fueron niños y 636 adultos. Se identificaron cálculos relacionados a patologías genéticas en 7 (0.9%) pacientes, siendo 5 de cistina y 2 de xantina, permitiendo el diagnóstico definitivo de cistinuria y xantinuria, respectivamente. La localización más común de los cálculos fue el riñón, el modo de eliminación más frecuente la cirugía y el de mayor tamaño tuvo 24x19x13 mm, siendo considerado como voluminoso. Fueron remitidos cálculos del primer episodio de 5 pacientes y de recidiva de 2 pacientes. El diagnóstico preciso de estas litiasis genéticas pudo realizarse gracias a la técnica FTIR, que permitió el conocimiento de la causa subyacente y orientar la elección de medidas terapéuticas específicas abocadas a disminuir el riesgo de recidivas y mejorar el nivel de vida de los pacientes afectados., Lithiasis of genetic origin is caused by rare hereditary pathologies, in which the accumulation of compounds in urine is associated with the formation of recurrent urinary stones, generating detrimental consequences for the patient. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a reference methodology in the analysis and unambiguous identification of compounds present in urinary calculi. The aim of this study was to describe the use of the FTIR technique and its importance as a diagnostic tool for genetic lithiasis in Paraguay. The design was observational descriptive and was analyzed by FTIR urinary stones from 740 patients with demographic and clinical data. Of the total, 104 were children and 636 adults. Stones related to genetic pathologies were identified in 7 (0,9%) patients, 5 of cystine and 2 of xanthine, allowing the definitive diagnosis of cystinuria and xanthinuria, respectively. The most common location of the stones was the kidney, the most frequent form of removal was surgery and the largest had 24x19x13 mm, considered as voluminous. Were submitted stones of the first episode of 5 patients and recurrence of 2 patients. The accurate diagnosis of these genetic lithiases was possible by means of the FTIR technique, which allowed knowledge of the underlying cause and to guide the choice of specific therapeutic measures aimed at decreasing the risk of recurrence and to improve the standard of living of patients.

En aquesta nota es deixa constància del quart exemplar de cranc de la creu, Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linné, 1758) que es registra a la Mediterrània occidental, essent aquest el primer exemplar detectat a la costa valenciana. Aquest individu va ser capturat prop del Grau de Castelló de la Plana. La importància del registre esdevé perquè constata l'expansió de l'espècie a l'oest de la Mediterrània, donada l'evolució geogràfica dels exemplars registrats fins al moment en el conjunt de la Mediterrània. Es discuteix sobre la possible cohabitació a la Mediterrània occidental d'aquesta espècie amb altres crancs de gran talla presents en aquesta mar, com el cranc blau americà, Callinectes sapidus, i el cranc blau indo-pacífic, Portunus segnis, degut a les diferències de temperatura, salinitat i hàbitat preferencial que presenten aquestes espècies., This note records the fourth specimen of the Crucifix Crab, Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linné, 1758) to be registered in the western Mediterranean, this being the first specimen detected along the Valencian coast, specifically in front of Grau de Castelló de la Plana. The importance of this finding lies in the fact that this individual expands the known distribution range of the species in the Mediterranean, thus showing a slow geographic extension of the recorded specimens in a NE-SW direction following the main oceanographic current present in the area, the Mediterranean Northern Current. We also discuss the possible coexistence with other large crabs present in the area, such as the American Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, and the Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus segnis given their habitat, temperature, and salinity preferences.

This work proposes the use of a hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as a supported liquid membrane (SLM) for hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) of triazines. NADES were prepared using L-menthol as hydrogen bond acceptor combined with different hydrogen bond donors of natural origin: carboxlylic acids, alcohols and amines. Studies were carried out to determine whether the prepared NADES met the necessary requirements to be used as a SLM, such as stability in the HF and compatibility with HPLC. Then, the ability of each prepared NADES to extract 6 triazine herbicides by HF-LPME from aqueous samples was evaluated. Among them, the mixture L-menthol: formic acid (molar ratio 1:2) provided better extraction results and was selected as SLM. The influence the different parameters on extraction efficiency such as pH of both sample and acceptor solution, salting-out effect, extraction time and stirring rate on the extraction efficiency was carefully studied and optimized. The optimized HF-LPME procedure was applied to the analysis of aqueous samples such as artificial water containing humic acids, tap water, river water and urine, with excellent clean-up ability for all samples analyzed. Relative recoveries ranged from 68 to 128 %, and the LODs and LOQs obtained for the 6 triazines were 0.75–3.1 µg/L and 2.5–10.3 µg/L, respectively, depending on the analyte and the kind of sample. Additionally, according to the AGREEprep tool assessment, the proposed method appears as a greener approach compared to other microextraction methods reported in the literature for the analysis of triazines in water samples.

Marine species range shifts in response to climate change are generalized and accelerated, both at global and regional scale. However, the role of the complex underlaying mechanisms at play are still poorly understood. The Mediterranean Sea is a highly vulnerable and semi-enclosed system where the climatic risk exposure to multiple impacts is known to be very high and species are expected to display a variety of resilient responses. The reorganization and possible resilient and adaptive responses of species in Western Mediterranean are expected to follow a meridionalization pattern (i.e. northward displacement). However, this can be also related to the dynamic processes of seascape connectivity, in which the climatic connectivity has a strong impact. Velocity of climate change (VoCC), often used as analytical predictor for climate connectivity, is the speed and direction at which isolines of a specified climate travel across landscape and seascape due to climate change, being a function of spatial and temporal variation in climate conditions. The paths that point on an isoline of climate analogues are called climate trajectories. Here, VoCC has been calculated for the contemporary climate (1987 to 2019) at 0.16¿¿ grid cell for sea surface temperature and related to resilient and adaptive responses of observed in the main species of the continental shelf community. To do that, spatial indicators (i.e. the center of gravity, inertia, index of patchiness, index of dispersion and the index of aggregation) and their temporal rates of change have been calculated to quantify the space-time patterns of benthopelagic species using historical data of scientific bottom trawl surveys of the Western Mediterranean Sea from 1994 to 2019. Combining our results on VoCC and spatial indicators demonstrate unexpected significant southward patterns of Mediterranean marine species in response to climate change contrary to the meridionalization expectations of the Mediterranean communitie

Marine organisms can disperse actively and passively. During early life stages, eggs and larvae of a plethora of taxa may be subject to transport over large distances by ocean currents, while adults often exhibit rather sedentary behaviors. Next generation stock assessment schemes broadly call for the need to include climate and oceanographic considerations, yet little progress has been made globally towards this direction. Red mullet Mullus barbatus is an important demersal resource in the Mediterranean with relatively long pelagic early-life stages suggesting a large dispersal potential. Here, we use two different putative stocks of red mullet in the Western Mediterranean Sea to test the effects of surface currents on the demography and inter- and intra-stock individual exchanges. The connectivity between spawning and nursery areas was investigated by simulating multi-annual lagrangian indices of larval retention, import, and self-recruitment. Our study demonstrates a certain degree of inter-stock connectivity along the main corridors of transport but also a substantial variability with some years when population sub-units appear to be more isolated. Regarding intra-stock metrics, we found that the main persistent spawning area of the Northern Spanish Coast stock may act as an export of individuals ending up in coastal nursery areas further south within or even outside the boundaries of the stock unit. By evaluating the passive dispersal and its impact on the spatial population structure and the intra-stock spatial dynamism of an exploited resource, our study provides insights to improve fisheries management with the incorporation of information on physical oceanography (from observing systems and operational models). Importantly, our methodology may readily be applied to other systems and/or be combined with additional methods (e.g., chemical, molecular or artificial markers) to facilitate the improvement of current management schemes and inform conservation stra