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This collection of cases describes some unusual urological tumors and complications related to urological tumors and their treatment. Case 1: A case of uretero-arterial fistula in a patient with long-term ureteral stenting for ureteral oncological stricture and a second case associated to retroperitoneal fibrosis were described. Abdominal CT, pyelography, cystoscopy were useful to show the origin of the bleeding. Angiography is useful for confirming the diagnosis and for subsequent positioning of an endovascular prosthesis which represents a safe approach with reduced post-procedural complications. Case 2: A case of patient who suffered from interstitial pneumonitis during a cycle of intravesical BCG instillations for urothelial cancer. The patient was hospitalized for more than two weeks in a COVID ward for a suspected of COVID-19 pneumonia, but he did not show any evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during his hospital stay. Case 3: A case of a young man with a functional urinary bladder paraganglioma who was successfully managed with complete removal of the tumor, leaving the urinary bladder intact. Case 4: A case of a 61 year old male suffering from muscle invasive bladder cancer who was admitted for a radical cystectomy and on the eighth postoperative day developed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, which clinically defines thrombotic microangiopathy.

Wax effigies, fully dressed life-size models of human figures, have been constructed since the medieval times. The construction materials of historical effigies differ to the contemporary ones, yet the construction process of the wax parts has more or less remained unchanged over the centuries. This paper starts with the history, construction materials and manufacture techniques of wax effigies. The inseparable relation of the wax effigies and their costumes is explained, and the characteristics and deterioration agents of their most important construction materials are presented in order to understand their needs for preservation, with emphasis on wax and fabrics. The aim of this paper is to suggest preventive conservation guidelines for wax effigies, with proposals for appropriate environmental conditions during display and storage, and suggestions for proper handling, storage and transportation. Advice for disaster preparedness and actions in cases of emergency situations is also provided. Received: 2020-1-28Revised: 2020-6-16Accepted: 2020-6-30Online: 2020-8-19Publication: 2021-2-10, As efígies de cera, modelos de figuras humanas completamente vestidas em tamanho real, foram criadas desde os tempos medievais. Os materiais de produção de efígies históricas diferem dos contemporâneos, mas o processo de produção dos componentes de cera manteve-se mais ou menos inalterado ao longo dos séculos. Este artigo começa com a história, materiais e técnicas de produção de efígies de cera. Explica-se a relação inseparável das efígies de cera e os seus trajes, apresentam-se as características e os agentes de deterioração de seus materiais de produção mais importantes, de modo a compreender as suas necessidades de preservação, com ênfase na cera e nos tecidos. O objetivo deste artigo é sugerir procedimentos de conservação preventiva para efígies de cera, com propostas de condições ambientais adequadas durante a exposição e armazenamento, e sugestões para manuseamento, armazenamento e transporte adequados. São também fornecidos conselhos para a preparação para desastres e ações em casos de situações de emergência. Recebido: 2020-1-28Revisto: 2020-6-16Aceite: 2020-6-30Online: 2020-8-19Publicação: 2021-2-10

The Lesvos Petrified Forest was created by volcanic activity in the Lower Middle Miocene and has been a protected area since 1985. Since 1997, the newly founded Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Forest has taken over research, excavation, conservation and restoration and undertakes protective measures in this area. Conservators treat dozens of petrified trees and face several problems, including unstable temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions, as fossils are exposed to the open air. Conservators perform innovative work by applying and testing various treatment methods to withstand both weather conditions and careless visitors. Research and educational work are two of the areas into which the conservation team are putting a lot of effort, aiming to sensitize visitors and save the fossils for the generations to come.