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Ports are one of the structures where the effects of global warming are most severe and intense in atmospheric, oceanic, and geographical terms. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s assessment reports, although it is possible to slow down global warming by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is not foreseen to stop global warming and sea level rise (SLR) in any scenario. The rising sea level, an inevitable consequence of global warming, is a clear threat to conventional port facilities. In summary, SLR triggered by climate change, which is today's hot topic, may cause conventional port infrastructures to be flooded and lose their functionality. To cope with this threat, port facility planning, and design stages must be carried out by referring to the updated threshold values in Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios defined by the Working Groups of the IPCC. However, the uncertainty about the scale, timing, and location of SLR makes definitive solution-oriented approaches more prominent. One of these approaches is floating port structures. This study aims to reveal the role of floating port structures in the implementation of the relocation measure emphasized in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) for conventional ports under the threat of SLR. Initially, in this study, regions with higher SLR risk were identified by considering SSP scenarios contributed by Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) data. Afterwards, the dynamic downscaling model was used to determine the regions with higher regional sea level rise (RSLR) risk and the Marine Traffic database was used to determine the ports in these regions. Thus, it is evaluated whether floating ports can be a suitable alternative in the relocation decision of ports under SLR risk. It is expected that maritime transport will be maintained at adequate security and operational levels by revealing the pros and cons of floating ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xu, S.; Zhu, J.; Gao, Q., and Zhu, B., 2015. Sailing routes designing: based on ILNS-CMAHLP. Sailing routes is the basis of carrier's survival, the planning of route network is the strategic for the carrier. Optimization theory of hub and spoke network is a highly simplified result in specific constraints of the network composed by the given nodes, so the theory plays little roll in the actual network planning. According to the complex network theory, we establish the route network design model with the constraints of investment limit, non-strict, capacitated and multiple allocation, the aim of model is to minimum the total cost of the route opened cost, the transportation cost, the hub node construction cost, the opportunity cost caused by the not yet been transported; secondly, to study the ILNS-CMAHLP problem based on the Mixed Set Programming (MSP) theory, we make the data model with the set variables, give the logic model to express the relation among input variables, output variables and decision variables, build the solve rule based on the set reasoning algorithm. Finally, we calculate the ILNS-CMAHLP exact solution of NCL language in the POEM optimization platform. Results show that the NCL algorithm, which has the natural modeling and mixed set programming features, is a useful tool to solute the constraints of joint solving of NP-Hard problem, and it will avoid the combination explosion problem of large-scale integer programming; at the same time, it will open the new research direction for the optimization of hub and spoke network with the capacitated etc. constraints, it can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the actual route network planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work is developed method of evaluation safety level, which decreases with floating intensity functioning during technical object. Factors, condition such changes were reviewed. Basing on proposed methodic of detection of various types of risks exists possibility to form constructive algorithms of evaluation of safety level, which allows forming adequate danger counteraction means. One of basic factors, representing dangers, is malfunctions, appearing on technical object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination requires 5′-3′ resection of the DSB ends. In vertebrates, DSB resection is initiated by the collaborative action of CtIP and the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex. However, how this process occurs within the context of chromatin is still not well understood. Results Here we identify the human SRCAP chromatin remodeling complex as a factor that promotes CtIP-dependent DNA-end resection. We show that SRCAP, which is mutated in Floating-Harbor syndrome, confers resistance to DNA damage-inducing agents and is recruited to DSBs. Moreover, we demonstrate that SRCAP is required for DNA-end resection, and thereby for recruitment of RPA and RAD51 to DSBs, and for the ensuing homologous recombination. Finally, we reveal that SRCAP forms a complex with CtIP and promotes accumulation of CtIP at DSBs through a mechanism involving its ATPase activity. Conclusions Our study implicates the human SRCAP chromatin remodeling complex as a novel regulator of DNA damage responses that orchestrates proper signaling and repair of DSBs in the context of chromatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - A close dry port with direct rail connection to a seaport is a potential solution for seaport terminal congestion as well as for better seaport inland access. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and define impediments to a close advanced intermodal terminal - dry port implementation. Design/methodology/approach - Comparative case studies through face-to-face interviews and a literature review have been carried out in order to accomplish the purpose. In addition, secondary sources such as reports, internal documents and web pages were used. Findings - The most common factors that impede dry port implementation are infrastructure, land use, environment and regulations. Hence, the same reduce the efficiency of freight movements on land access routes to and from seaports. An advanced intermodal terminal must fit into a complex system where the necessary infrastructure is in place and the regulatory systems are properly designed to optimize the involvement of both the public and the private sector. Research limitations/implications - Empirical data for the case studies are collected at Port Botany, Sydney, and its close intermodal terminals. A more comprehensive view of the problem could be obtained through additional case studies on other countries' seaports' intermodal terminals. Originality/value - The idea behind the study is to contribute to a better understanding of the concept of close dry port through the factors that influence the implementation of the same and thereby to improve knowledge of the implementation of the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features the gill cells invented by researchers at the Centre for Offshore Research and Engineering at the National University of Singapore and the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore and Jurong Consultants Pte. Ltd. to minimise differential deflection and stresses in a floating container terminal. Effectiveness of large floating structures compared with land reclamation solutions in creating land from the sea; Disadvantages of traditional solution to differential deflection; Pros and cons of the gill cells.