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7. Status and future development of Heating and Current Drive for the EU DEMO

Author

Tran, M.Q., Agostinetti, P., Aiello, G., Avramidis, K., Baiocchi, B., Barbisan, M., Bobkov, V., Briefi, S., Bruschi, A., Chavan, R., Chelis, I., Day, Ch., Delogu, R., Ell, B., Fanale, F., Fassina, A., Fantz, U., Faugel, H., Figini, L., Fiorucci, D., Friedl, R., Franke, Th., Gantenbein, G., Garavaglia, S., Granucci, G., Hanke, S., Hogge, J.-P., Hopf, C., Kostic, A., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Latsas, G., Louche, F., Maquet, V., Maggiora, R., Messiaen, A., Milanesio, D., Mimo, A., Moro, A., Ochoukov, R., Ongena, J., Pagonakis, I.G., Peponis, D., Pimazzoni, A., Ragona, R., Rispoli, N., Ruess, T., Rzesnicki, T., Scherer, T., Spaeh, P., Starnella, G., Strauss, D., Thumm, M., Tierens, W., Tigelis, I., Tsironis, C., Usoltceva, M., Van Eester, D., Veronese, F., Vincenzi, P., Wagner, F., Wu, C., Zeus, F., and Zhang, W.

Published
2022
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9. Progress of DTT ECRH system design

Author

Garavaglia, S, Baiocchi, B, Bruschi, A, Busi, D, Fanale, F, Figini, L, Granucci, G, Moro, A, Platania, P, Rispoli, N, Romano, A, Salvitti, A, Sartori, E, Schmuck, S, and Vassallo, E

Published
2021
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10. Integration concept of an Electron Cyclotron System in DEMO

Author

Franke, T., Aiello, G., Avramidis, K., Bachmann, C., Baiocchi, B., Baylard, C., Bruschi, A., Chauvin, D., Cufar, A., Chavan, R., Gliss, C., Fanale, F., Figini, L., Gantenbein, G., Garavaglia, S., Granucci, G., Jelonnek, J., López, G. Suárez, Moro, A., Moscheni, M., Rispoli, N., Siccinio, M., Spaeh, P., Strauss, D., Subba, F., Tigelis, I., Tran, M.Q., Tsironis, C., Wu, C., and Zohm, H.

Published
2021
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12. Recent experiments with the European 1MW, 170GHz industrial CW and short-pulse gyrotrons for ITER

Author

Ioannidis, Z. C., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Avramidis, K. A., Bin, W., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Chelis, J., Fanale, F., Gantenbein, G., Genoud, J., Hogge, J.-P., Hermann, V., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Kasparek, W., Latsas, G. P., Legrand, F., Lechte, C., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Rzesnicki, T., Sánchez, F., Schlatter, C., Schmid, M., Tigelis, I. G., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zisis, A., and Zein, A.

Published
2019
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13. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., Dell'Era, F., Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Goodman, T., Granucci, G., Hogge, J.-P., Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., and Viganò, F.

Published
2019
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14. Design Progress of Structural Components of the EU DEMO EC Equatorial Launcher

Author

Spaeh, P., Bruschi, A., Chavan, R., Clement, A., Crisinel, F., Cufar, A., Fanale, F., Garavaglia, S., Hogge, J. P., Sanchez, A. Mas, Noel, M., Rispoli, N., Strauss, D., and Wu, C.

Abstract

The EU DEMO Tokamak is foreseen to be equipped with an electron cyclotron (EC) system for plasma heating, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control, and thermal instability suppression. Up to six launchers will be installed into equatorial ports with the aim to inject a maximum of 130 MW millimeter wave power at frequencies of 136/170/204 GHz toward dedicated positions into the plasma. This article presents the current layout of the typical EC system launcher components within the available space reservation areas in the equatorial level of the DEMO baseline model. Beside the general arrangement of the EC launcher components, preliminary design features of the launcher port plug modules, an active cooling system approach, integration concepts for mirrors and waveguides (WGs) of the optical system, the shielding component formation, and safety important elements of the first containment barrier of the launcher are presented. Furthermore, relevant aspects of assembly and potential remote maintenance (RM) procedures are discussed.

Published
2024
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15. Status of DTT ECH Transmission Lines and Antennae

Author

Fanale, F., Bruschi, A., Garavaglia, S., Moro, A., Baiocchi, B., Bonesso, M., Braghin, F., Busi, D., Dima, R., Fanelli, P., Figini, L., Gajetti, E., Granucci, G., Mascali, D., Passarello, S., Pepato, A., Platania, P., Rebesan, P., Romano, A., Salvitti, A., Savoldi, L., Simonetto, A., Schmuck, S., Torrisi, G., and Turcato, M.

Abstract

The divertor tokamak test (DTT) facility is designed to study the power exhaust methods in scenarios similar to those expected in future fusion plants like DEMO. The project foresees 45 MW of external additional heating power to the plasma, provided by electron cyclotron heating (ECH), ion cyclotron heating, and neutral beam injector. This article focuses on the present status of the design of the transmission lines (TLs) and antennas for the ECH system. In the first operational phase, the system shall include 16 gyrotrons (1 MW/170 GHz/100 s), grouped into two clusters of eight sources each. In a later stage, the total installed power shall be doubled for a total of four clusters. Quasi-optical TLs connect the EC sources, located in a dedicated building, to the tokamak, via mirrors transmitting the microwave beams inside vacuum pipes to reduce losses and risks of arcing in air. Each TL consists of three main sections: two single-beam (SB) sections with small mirrors dedicated to a single beam at the beginning and the end of the line and a midsection of multibeam (MB) mirrors for the transmission of all the eight beams of the cluster. The beams at the output of the TL match the antennas installed in the equatorial and upper ports of the same vacuum vessel sector, through corrugated circular waveguides (WGs). The WGs are needed to reduce the vacuum conductance between the DTT vessel and TLs environments, being the connection with the vacuum vessel managed by all-metal gate valves without diamond windows. The two antennas consist of independent launching modules for each beam composed by two mirrors, one fixed and one steerable. All the components of the system are actively water-cooled to limit deformations of the mirrors surface to ensure the required quality of the beams and to reduce the transmission losses.

Published
2024
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19. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Spectral Mapping of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites: Results from Galileo's Initial Orbit

Author

Carlson, R., Smythe, W., Baines, K., Barbinis, E., Becker, K., Burns, R., Calcutt, S., Calvin, W., Clark, R., Danielson, G., Davies, A., Drossart, P., Encrenaz, T., Fanale, F., Granahan, J., Hansen, G., Herrera, P., Hibbitts, C., Hui, J., Irwin, P., Johnson, T., Kamp, L., Kieffer, H., Leader, F., Lellouch, E., Lopes-Gautier, R., Matson, D., McCord, T., Mehlman, R., Ocampo, A., Orton, G., Roos-Serote, M., Segura, M., Shirley, J., Soderblom, L., Stevenson, A., Taylor, F., Torson, J., Weir, A., and Weissman, P.

Published
1996

20. Galileo's First Images of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites

Author

Belton, M. J. S., Head, J. W., Ingersoll, A. P., Greeley, R., McEwen, A. S., Klaasen, K. P., Senske, D., Pappalardo, R., Collins, G., Vasavada, A. R., Sullivan, R., Simonelli, D., Geissler, P., Carr, M. H., Davies, M. E., Veverka, J., Gierasch, P. J., Banfield, D., Bell, M., Chapman, C. R., Anger, C., Greenberg, R., Neukum, G., Pilcher, C. B., Beebe, R. F., Burns, J. A., Fanale, F., Ip, W., Johnson, T. V., Morrison, D., Moore, J., Orton, G. S., Thomas, P., and West, R. A.

Published
1996

22. Progress of DTT ECRH system design

Author

Garavaglia S., Baiocchi B., Bruschi A., Busi D., Fanale F., Figini L., Granucci G., Moro A., Platania P., Rispoli N., Romano A., Salvitti A., Garavaglia, S., Baiocchi, B., Bruschi, A., Busi, D., Fanale, F., Figini, L., Granucci, G., Moro, A., Platania, P., Rispoli, N., Romano, A., and Salvitti, A.

Subjects
DTT, ECRH, Gyrotron, Launcher, Power exhaust, Transmission line, Launcher, Gyrotron, Transmission line, Power exhaust, DTT, ECRH
Abstract

The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility [1], whose construction is starting, will study a suitable solution for the power exhaust in conditions relevant for the future fusion device DEMO. DTT can achieve the value of 15 MW/m for the divertor figure of merit PSEP/R by employing 45 MW of auxiliary heating power to the plasma. To achieve this goal, the selected heating systems are Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH), Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) and Negative (ion based) Neutral Beam Injector (NNBI). The ECRH system relies on up to 32 gyrotrons (operating each at 170 GHz to supply from a minimum of 1MW to a maximum of 1.2 MW for 100 s), a Quasi Optical (QO) transmission line (TL), consisting of multi-beam mirrors installed under vacuum to reduce the overall transmission losses below the target of 10% and independent (single-beam) front-steering mirrors capable to direct the beams individually in real-time for assisted plasma breakdown, control of neoclassical tearing modes and sawtooth, ECCD and main electron heating. Although the ECRH system design presented here will be based mainly on existing and assessed technologies, like the 170 GHz gyrotron type developed for ITER and the QO TL installed at W7-X, challenging adaptations to the DTT case have to be made. In particular, the design of a QO TL under vacuum is novel and needs detailed analysis of the stray radiation along the line in order to set the requirements for the mirror dimensions and/or the cooling of the vacuum chamber that encloses the mirrors. A further relevant question is the reliability of the ECRH system: the development of automatic algorithms to control such a large number of gyrotrons is foreseen to provide the required amount and distribution of power into the plasma.

Published
2021

24. Galileo Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy Measurements at Venus

Author

Carlson, R. W., Baines, K. H., Taylor, F. W., Drossart, P., Kamp, L. W., Pollack, J. B., Lellouch, E., Collard, A. D., Calcutt, S. B., Grinspoon, D., Weissman, P. R., Smythe, W. D., Ocampo, A. C., Danielson, G. E., Fanale, F. P., Johnson, T. V., Kieffer, H. H., Matson, D. L., McCord, T. B., and Soderblom, L. A.

Published
1991

25. Galileo Encounter with 951 Gaspra: First Pictures of an Asteroid

Author

Belton, M. J. S., Veverka, J., Thomas, P., Helfenstein, P., Simonelli, D., Chapman, C., Davies, M. E., Greeley, R., Greenberg, R., Head, J., Murchie, S., Klaasen, K., Johnson, T. V., McEwen, A., Morrison, D., Neukum, G., Fanale, F., Anger, C., Carr, M., and Pilcher, C.

Published
1992

26. Galileo Multispectral Imaging of the North Polar and Eastern Limb Regions of the Moon

Author

Belton, M. J. S., Greeley, R., Greenberg, R., McEwen, A., Klaasen, K. P., Head, J. W., Pieters, C., Neukum, G., Chapman, C. R., Geissler, P., Heffernan, C., Breneman, H., Anger, C., Carr, M. H., Davies, M. E., Fanale, F. P., Gierasch, P. J., Ingersoll, A. P., Johnson, T. V., Pilcher, C. B., Thompson, W. R., Veverka, J., and Sagan, C.

Published
1994

27. First Images of Asteroid 243 Ida

Author

Belton, M. J. S., Chapman, C. R., Veverka, J., Klaasen, K. P., Harch, A., Greeley, R., Greenberg, R., Head, J. W., McEwen, A., Morrison, D., Thomas, P. C., Davies, M. E., Carr, M. H., Neukum, G., Fanale, F. P., Davis, D. R., Anger, C., Gierasch, P. J., Ingersoll, A. P., and Pilcher, C. B.

Published
1994

30. Experimental Results of the EU ITER Prototype Gyrotrons

Author

Gantenbein G., Albajar F., Alberti S., Avramidis K., Bin W., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Chelis J., Fanale F., Legrand F., Hermann V., Hogge J.-P., Illy S., Ioannidis Z. C., Jin J., Jelonnek J., Kasparek W., Latsas G. P., Lechte C., Lontano M., Pagonakis I. G., Rzesnicki T., Schlatter C., Schmid M., Tigelis I. G., Thumm M., Tran M. Q., Vomvoridis J. L., Zein A., and Zisis A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW industrial prototype gyrotron for ECRH&CD on ITER was under test at the KIT test facility during 2016. In order to optimize the gyrotron operation, the tube was thoroughly tested in the short-pulse regime, with pulse lengths below 10 ms, for a wide range of operational parameters. The operation was extended to longer pulses with a duration of up to 180 s. In this work we present in detail the achievements and the challenges that were faced during the long-pulse experimental campaign.

Published
2017
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31. Integration concept of an Electron Cyclotron System in DEMO

Author

Franke, T. Aiello, G. Avramidis, K. Bachmann, C. Baiocchi, B. Baylard, C. Bruschi, A. Chauvin, D. Cufar, A. Chavan, R. Gliss, C. Fanale, F. Figini, L. Gantenbein, G. Garavaglia, S. Granucci, G. Jelonnek, J. López, G.S. Moro, A. Moscheni, M. Rispoli, N. Siccinio, M. Spaeh, P. Strauss, D. Subba, F. Tigelis, I. Tran, M.Q. Tsironis, C. Wu, C. Zohm, H.

Abstract

The pre-conceptual layout for an electron cyclotron system (ECS) in DEMO is described. The present DEMO ECS considers only equatorial ports for both plasma heating and neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) control. This differs from ITER, where four launchers in upper oblique ports are dedicated to NTM control and one equatorial EC port for heating and current drive (H&CD) purposes as basic configuration. Rather than upper oblique ports, DEMO has upper vertical ports to allow the vertical removal of the large breeding blanket segments. While ITER is using front steering antennas for NTM control, in DEMO the antennas are recessed behind the breeding blanket and called mid-steering antennas, referred to the radially recessed position to the breeding blanket. In the DEMO pre-conceptual design phase two variants are studied to integrate the ECS in equatorial ports. The first option integrates waveguide bundles at four vertical levels inside EC port plugs with antennas with fixed and movable mid-steering mirrors that are powered by gyrotrons, operating at minimum two different multiples of the fundamental resonance frequency of the microwave output window. Alternatively, the second option integrates fixed antenna launchers connected to frequency step-tunable gyrotrons. The first variant is described in this paper, introducing the design and functional requirements, presenting the equatorial port allocation, the port plug design including its maintenance concept, the basic port cell layout, the transmission line system with diamond windows from the tokamak up to the RF building and the gyrotron sources. The ECS design studies are supported by neutronic and tokamak integration studies, quasi-optical and plasma physics studies, which will be summarized. Physics and technological gaps will be discussed and an outlook to future work will be given. © 2021

Published
2021

32. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., F., Dell'Era, Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Goodman, T., Granucci, G., J.-P., Hogge, Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., F., Viganò, Ikeda, Ryosuke, and Takahashi, Koji

Abstract

The future EC systems will consist of several gyrotron sources providing MW-level millimeter wave power at a frequency around or above 170 GHz. The development of matched loads is necessary to test the new sources, the components for the transmission lines and the launchers, and must ensure high qualification for compatibility with the nuclear environment. The development at IFP-CNR and LTC of several compact high-power prototypes during the last decade led to a refinement of the overall design, resulting in the present low-reflectivity vacuum-compatible loads. The activity on loads is supported by F4E in view of the development of the EU gyrotron for ITER and required high-power tests at QST (Naka, Japan). Qualification is now supported by new tests at SPC (Lausanne, Switzerland) using the FALCON test-bed designed to test components and the EU gyrotron prototype for the EC system of ITER. These high-power tests, performed on the first CW prototype load (provided with 16 + 16 cooling channels in parallel) and shown in this paper, highlighted the need to improve the mechanical, vacuum and hydraulic design to reach the final goal of 1000s at ∼1 MW.

Published
2018

33. Overview of the FTU results

Author

Pucella, G, Alessi, E, Angelini, B, Apicella, M, Apruzzese, G, Artaserse, G, Baiocchi, B, Belli, F, Bin, W, Bombarda, F, Boncagni, L, Botrugno, A, Briguglio, S, Bruschi, A, Buratti, P, Calabro, G, Cappelli, M, Cardinali, A, Carnevale, D, Carraro, L, Castaldo, C, Causa, F, Ceccuzzi, S, Centioli, C, Cesario, R, Cianfarani, C, Claps, G, Cocilovo, V, Cordella, F, Crisanti, F, D'Arcangelo, O, De Angeli, M, Di Troia, C, Esposito, B, Fanale, F, Farina, D, Figini, L, Fogaccia, G, Frigione, D, Fusco, V, Gabellieri, L, Garavaglia, S, Giovannozzi, E, Gittini, G, Granucci, G, Grosso, G, Iafrati, M, Iannone, F, Laguardia, L, Lazzaro, E, Lontano, M, Maddaluno, G, Magagnino, S, Marinucci, M, Marocco, D, Mazzitelli, G, Mazzotta, C, Mellera, V, Milovanov, A, Minelli, D, Mirizzi, F, Moro, A, Nowak, S, Pacella, D, Pallotta, F, Panaccione, L, Panella, M, Pericoli-Ridolfini, V, Pizzuto, A, Podda, S, Puiatti, M, Ramogida, G, Ravera, G, Ricci, D, Romano, A, Simonetto, A, Sozzi, C, Tartari, U, Tuccillo, A, Tudisco, O, Valisa, M, Viola, B, Vitale, E, Vlad, G, Zeniol, B, Zerbini, M, Zonca, F, Aquilini, M, Cefali, P, Di Ferdinando, E, Di Giovenale, S, Giacomi, G, Grosso, A, Mezzacappa, M, Pensa, A, Petrolini, P, Piergotti, V, Raspante, B, Rocchi, G, Sibio, A, Tilia, B, Tulli, R, Vellucci, M, Zannetti, D, Almaviva, S, Bagnato, F, Brolatti, G, Buscarino, A, Calacci, L, Caneve, L, Carlini, M, Colao, F, Corradino, C, Costa, P, Crescenzi, F, Cucchiaro, A, Doria, A, Ferro, G, Gabrielli, A, Galeani, S, Galperti, C, Gasior, P, Giovenale, E, Gospodarczyk, M, Jakubowski, L, Kubkowska, M, Lampasi, A, Lazic, V, Lubyako, L, Maffia, G, Martinelli, F, Solis, J, Maviglia, F, Mazzuca, R, Moneti, M, Orsitto, F, Palucci, A, Passeri, M, Popovic, Z, Possieri, C, Rabinski, M, Ratynskaia, S, Reale, M, Roccella, S, Sassano, M, Starace, F, Tolias, P, Vertkov, A, Zebrowski, J, Zito, P, Pucella, G., Alessi, E., Angelini, B., Apicella, M. L., Apruzzese, G., Artaserse, G., Baiocchi, B., Belli, F., Bin, W., Bombarda, F., Boncagni, L., Botrugno, A., Briguglio, S., Bruschi, A., Buratti, P., Calabro, G., Cappelli, M., Cardinali, A., Carnevale, D., Carraro, L., Castaldo, C., Causa, F., Ceccuzzi, S., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Cianfarani, C., Claps, G., Cocilovo, V., Cordella, F., Crisanti, F., D'Arcangelo, O., De Angeli, M., Di Troia, C., Esposito, B., Fanale, F., Farina, D., Figini, L., Fogaccia, G., Frigione, D., Fusco, V., Gabellieri, L., Garavaglia, S., Giovannozzi, E., Gittini, G., Granucci, G., Grosso, G., Iafrati, M., Iannone, F., Laguardia, L., Lazzaro, E., Lontano, M., Maddaluno, G., Magagnino, S., Marinucci, M., Marocco, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mazzotta, C., Mellera, V., Milovanov, A., Minelli, D., Mirizzi, F. C., Moro, A., Nowak, S., Pacella, D., Pallotta, F., Panaccione, L., Panella, M., Pericoli-Ridolfini, V., Pizzuto, A., Podda, S., Puiatti, M. E., Ramogida, G., Ravera, G., Ricci, D., Romano, A., Simonetto, A., Sozzi, C., Tartari, U., Tuccillo, A. A., Tudisco, O., Valisa, M., Viola, B., Vitale, E., Vlad, G., Zeniol, B., Zerbini, M., Zonca, F., Aquilini, M., Cefali, P., Di Ferdinando, E., Di Giovenale, S., Giacomi, G., Grosso, A., Mezzacappa, M., Pensa, A., Petrolini, P., Piergotti, V., Raspante, B., Rocchi, G., Sibio, A., Tilia, B., Tulli, R., Vellucci, M., Zannetti, D., Almaviva, S., Bagnato, F., Brolatti, G., Buscarino, A., Calacci, L., Caneve, L., Carlini, M., Colao, F., Corradino, C., Costa, P., Crescenzi, F., Cucchiaro, A., Doria, A., Ferro, G., Gabrielli, A., Galeani, S., Galperti, C., Gasior, P., Giovenale, E., Gospodarczyk, M., Jakubowski, L., Kubkowska, M., Lampasi, A., Lazic, V., Lubyako, L., Maffia, G., Martinelli, F., Martin Solis, J. R., Maviglia, F., Mazzuca, R., Moneti, M., Orsitto, F. P., Palucci, A., Passeri, M., Popovic, Z., Possieri, C., Rabinski, M., Ratynskaia, S., Reale, M., Roccella, S., Sassano, M., Starace, F., Tolias, P., Vertkov, A., Zebrowski, J., and Zito, P.

Subjects
Settore ING-INF/03, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FTU, overview, tokamak, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Since the 2016 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, FTU operations have been mainly devoted to experiments on runaway electrons and investigations into a tin liquid limiter; other experiments have involved studies of elongated plasmas and dust. The tearing mode onset in the high density regime has been studied by means of the linear resistive code MARS, and the highly collisional regimes have been investigated. New diagnostics, such as a runaway electron imaging spectroscopy system for in-flight runaway studies and a triple Cherenkov probe for the measurement of escaping electrons, have been successfully installed and tested, and new capabilities of the collective Thomson scattering and the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy diagnostics have been explored.

Published
2019
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34. EU DEMO EC equatorial launcher pre-conceptual performance studies

Author

Garavaglia, S. Baiocchi, B. Bruschi, A. Čufar, A. Fanale, F. Granucci, G. Moro, A. Poli, E. Rispoli, N. Scherer, T. Siccinio, M. Späh, P. Strauß, D. Tigelis, I. Tsironis, C. Franke, T. Tran, M.Q.

Abstract

The preliminary conceptual design for the Electron Cyclotron (EC) system of the future European DEMOnstration fusion power plant is ongoing in the EUROfusion Consortium. This represents one of the key aspects in order to assess the performances and the integration capabilities of such a system in EU DEMO as well as in the alternative reactor configuration Flexi-DEMO. Different options for the antenna, namely remote steering antenna (RSA), open ended waveguides (OEWG) and the front steering antenna (FSA) later on renamed in mid steering antenna (MSA) to notify that the MSA is protected behind the breeding blanket (BB) in DEMO, are investigated, analyzing their performance for several injection angles and launch points. This activity considers the constraints given by physics and engineering requirements, as for example the maximum power per port and the necessary local current drive to stabilize neo-classical tearing modes (NTMs) with a proper deposition width. The beam tracing calculations have been performed on different scenarios, providing information on plasma accessibility and deposited power. The microwave design and initial ideas about the ex-vessel EC transmission lines routing will be shown. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2020

35. Operations with Spherical Calorimetric Loads in Different Configurations at Gyrotron Test Stands at EPFL and QST

Author

Bin, W. Bruschi, A. Fanale, F. Lucca, F. Alberti, S. and Carannante, G. Cavinato, M. Goodman, T. Hogge, J-P and Legrand, F. Sanchez, F. Takahashi, K. Albajar, F. and Chelis, I Dell'Era, F. Fasel, D. Gantenbein, G. and Granucci, G. Ikeda, R. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z. Jelonnek, J. Mellera, V Minelli Nardone, A. Oda, Y. Pagonakis, I Rispoli, N. Rzesnicki, T. Sartori Silva, M. and Simonetto, A. Thumm, M. Tigelis, I

Abstract

A research activity in the Institute for Plasma Science and Technology of National Research Council (ISTP-CNR, Italy, former IFP-CNR) and in L.T. Calcoli (LTC, Italy) is aimed at the design and construction of calorimetric loads for absorption and measurement of high power millimeter-waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. Recently, two CW 170 GHz loads, one for the European ITER gyrotron test facility and the other for the FALCON test- bed, have been installed at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC, Switzerland). One short pulse (2 s) load for 1 MW, designed and optimised to operate at two different frequencies (84 GHz and 126 GHz), was provided for testing and conditioning two new dual-frequency gyrotrons for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable (TCV, Switzerland). Two additional CW loads, designed for absorbing powers higher than 1 MW, have been delivered to the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST, Japan) and exploited for the acceptance tests and the conditioning of the prototype of the Japanese ITER gyrotron. The present status and the most recent experimental results achieved in the framework of this development activity are reported in the paper.

Published
2020

36. Operations with spherical calorimetric loads in different configurations at gyrotron test stands at EPFL and QST

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Lucca, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Goodman, T., J.-P., Hogge, Legrand, F., Sanchez, F., Koji, Takahashi, Albajar, F., Chelis, I., F., Dell'Era, Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Granucci, G., Ryosuke, Ikeda, Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Meller, V., Minelli, Nardone, A., Yasuhisa, Oda, Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sartori, Silva, M., Simonetto, A., Thumm, M., Tigelis, I., Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Lucca, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Goodman, T., J.-P., Hogge, Legrand, F., Sanchez, F., Koji, Takahashi, Albajar, F., Chelis, I., F., Dell'Era, Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Granucci, G., Ryosuke, Ikeda, Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Meller, V., Minelli, Nardone, A., Yasuhisa, Oda, Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sartori, Silva, M., Simonetto, A., Thumm, M., and Tigelis, I.

Abstract

A research activity in the Institute for Plasma Science and Technology of National Research Council (ISTP-CNR, Italy, former IFP-CNR) and in L.T. Calcoli (LTC, Italy) is aimed at the design and construction of calorimetric loads for absorption and measurement of high power millimeter-waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. Recently, two CW 170 GHz loads, one for the European ITER gyrotron test facility and the other for the FALCON test- bed, have been installed at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC, Switzerland). One short pulse (2 s) load for 1 MW, designed and optimised to operate at two different frequencies (84 GHz and 126 GHz), was provided for testing and conditioning two new dual-frequency gyrotrons for the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV, Switzerland). Two additional CW loads, designed for absorbing powers higher than 1 MW, have been delivered to the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST, Japan) and exploited for the acceptance tests and the conditioning of the prototype of the Japanese ITER gyrotron. The present status and the most recent experimental results achieved in the framework of this development activity are reported in the paper.

Published
2020

38. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W. Bruschi, A. Fanale, F. Francesca, M. Lucca, F. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Carannante, G. Cavinato, M. Chelis, I. Dell'Era, F. Fasel, D. Gantenbein, G. Goodman, T. Granucci, G. Hogge, J.-P. Ikeda, R. Ioannidis, Z. Legrand, F. Mellera, V. Minelli, D. Nardone, A. Pagonakis, I. Rispoli, N. Rzesnicki, T. Sanchez, F. Spinicchia, N. Takahashi, K. Tigelis, I. Viganò, F.

Abstract

The future EC systems will consist of several gyrotron sources providing MW-level millimeter wave power at a frequency around or above 170 GHz. The development of matched loads is necessary to test the new sources, the components for the transmission lines and the launchers, and must ensure high qualification for compatibility with the nuclear environment. The development at IFP-CNR and LTC of several compact high-power prototypes during the last decade led to a refinement of the overall design, resulting in the present low-reflectivity vacuum-compatible loads. The activity on loads is supported by F4E in view of the development of the EU gyrotron for ITER and required high-power tests at QST (Naka, Japan). Qualification is now supported by new tests at SPC (Lausanne, Switzerland) using the FALCON test-bed designed to test components and the EU gyrotron prototype for the EC system of ITER. These high-power tests, performed on the first CW prototype load (provided with 16 + 16 cooling channels in parallel) and shown in this paper, highlighted the need to improve the mechanical, vacuum and hydraulic design to reach the final goal of 1000s at ∼1 MW. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2019

39. Recent experiments with the European 1MW, 170GHz industrial CW and short-pulse gyrotrons for ITER

Author

Ioannidis, Z.C. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K.A. Bin, W. Bonicelli, T. Bruschi, A. Chelis, J. Fanale, F. Gantenbein, G. Genoud, J. Hogge, J.-P. Hermann, V. Illy, S. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Kasparek, W. Latsas, G.P. Legrand, F. Lechte, C. Pagonakis, I.G. Rzesnicki, T. Sánchez, F. Schlatter, C. Schmid, M. Tigelis, I.G. Thumm, M. Tran, M.Q. Zisis, A. Zein, A.

Abstract

The European Gyrotron Consortium (EGYC) is developing the European 1 MW, 170 GHz Continuous Wave (CW) industrial prototype gyrotron for ITER in cooperation with Thales Electron Devices (TED) and Fusion for Energy (F4E). This conventional, hollow-cavity gyrotron, is based on the 1 MW, 170 GHz Short-Pulse (SP) modular gyrotron that has been designed and manufactured by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in collaboration with TED. Both gyrotrons have been tested successfully in multiple experiments. In this work we briefly report on the results with the CW gyrotron at KIT and we focus at the experiments at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC). In addition, we present preliminary results from various upgrades of the SP tube that are currently tested at KIT. © 2018

Published
2019

40. DTT - Divertor Tokamak Test facility - Interim Design Report

Author

Affinito, L., Almaviva, S., Anemona, A., Angelone, M., Apicella, M. L., Appi, A., Apruzzese, G., Artaserse, G., Barone, G., Baruzzo, M., Batistoni, P., Bombarda, F., Boncagni, L., Buratti, P., Caiffi, B., Caneve, L., Caponero, M., Cardinali, A., Ceccuzzi, S., Centioli, C., Claps, G., Cocilovo, V., Colangeli, A., Colao, F., Contessa, G. M., Corato, V., Cordella, F., Crisanti, F., Cucchiaro, A., D’arcangelo, O., Della Corte, A., Luca, R., Di Pace, L., Di Zenobio, A., Dose, G., Fiamozzi Zignani, C., Flammini, D., Fonnesu, N., Frattolillo, A., Gabellieri, L., Galatola, G., Giannini, L., Giovannozzi, E., Grieco, M. T., Guardati, M., Iafrati, M., Iovinella, I., Lampasi, A., Lanchi, C., Lazic, V., Liuzza, D., Maddaluno, G., Magagnino, S., Mancini, A., Marocco, D., Martelli, E., Mazzitelli, G., Mazzotta, C., Messina, G., Monti, C., Morici, L., Moro, F., Muzzi, L., Pacella, D., Pillon, M., Piron, C., Pizzuto, A., Pollastrone, F., Polli, G. M., Pospodarczyk, M., Ramogida, G., Ravera, G. L., Righetti, R., Roccella, S., Romanelli, G., Romano, A., Romano, R., Rydzy, A., Sandri, S., Starace, F., Tuccillo, A. A., Tudisco, O., Turtù, S., Vellucci, M., Villari, R., Viola, B., Vitale, V., Vlad, G., Zerbini, M., Zito, P., Zoboli, L., Zonca, F., Alessi, E., Baiocchi, B., Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Causa, F., Cremona, A., Fanale, F., Farina, D., Figini, L., Garavaglia, S., Granucci, G., Lontano, M., Moro, A., Muraro, A., Nowak, S., Perelli, E., Ricci, D., Schmuck, S., Sozzi, C., Tardocchi, M., Uccello, A., William, B., Albanese, R., Ambrosino, R., Ariola, M., Castaldo, A., Coccorese, D., Coccorese, V., Magistris, M., Tommasi, G., Di Gironimo, G., Fresa, R., Grazioso, S., Loschiavo, V. P., Martone, R., Marzullo, D., Mattei, M., Mele, A., Mozzillo, R., Orsitto, F. P., Pironti, A., Rubinacci, G., Tarallo, A., Ventre, S., Villone, F., ROBERTO BONIFETTO, Maggiora, Riccardo, DANIELE MILANESIO, Giuseppe Francesco Nallo, Laura Savoldi, Fabio SUBBA, Zanino, Roberto, ANDREA ZAPPATORE, Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Barbisan, M., Bolzonella, T., Carraro, L., Castaldo, C., Cavazzana, R., Masi, G., Fassina, A., Ferro, A., Franz, P., Giacomelli, L., Giudicotti, L., Gnesotto, F., Gobbin, M., Innocente, P., Luchetta, A., Manduchi, G., Marrelli, L., Martin, P., Martines, E., Moressa, M., Pasqualotto, R., Peruzzo, S., Piron, L., Puiatti, M. E., Scarin, P., Sonato, P., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Terranova, D., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Vianello, N., Vincenzi, P., Zaniol, B., Zuin, M., Calabrò, G., Lombroni, R., Minucci, S., Gorini, G., Nocente, M., Santis, A., Maggiacomo, L., Mariano, G., Osipenko, M., Ripani, M., Murtas, F., and Luis, R.

Subjects
Nuclear fusion, Nuclear fusion, Divertor Tokamak Test, Divertor Tokamak Test
Published
2019

41. Recent progress in the development of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW gyrotron for ITER

Author

Gantenbein, G., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Avramidis, K., Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Chelis, J., Fanale, F., Legrand, F., Hermann, V., Hogge, J. P., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z. C., Jin, J., Jelonnek, J., Kasparek, W., Latsas, G. P., Lechte, C., Lontano, M., Pagonakis, I. G., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, P., Schlatter, C., Schmid, M., Tigelis, I. G., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zein, A., and Zisis, A.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

42. Long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load tests and developments

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., Dell'Era, F., Gantenbein, Gerd, Goodman, T., Granucci, G., Hogge, J. P., Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., and Vigano, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

43. Recent experiments with the European 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial CW and modular SP prototype gyrotron for ITER

Author

Ioannidis, Z. C., Rzesnicki, T., Avramidis, K., Gantenbein, Gerd, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Jin, J., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Schmid, M., Thumm, Manfred, Zein, A., Hermann, V., Legrand, F., Kasparek, W., Lechte, C., Alberti, S., Genoud, J., Hogge, J. P., Schlatter, C., Tran, M. Q., Chelis, J., Latsas, G. P., Tigelis, I. G., Zisis, A., Bruschi, A., Bin, W., Fanale, F., Albajar, F., Bonicelli, T., and Sanchez, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

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