44 results on '"Farkas, Árpád"'
Search Results
2. Deposition distribution of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the human airways upon exposure to cough-generated aerosol
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Madas, Balázs G., Füri, Péter, Farkas, Árpád, Nagy, Attila, Czitrovszky, Aladár, Balásházy, Imre, Schay, Gusztáv G., and Horváth, Alpár
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Physics - Biological Physics ,Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs - Abstract
The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been emerged as a rapidly spreading pandemic. The disease is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The pathogen of COVID-19 is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It infects the cells binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) which is expressed by cells throughout the airways as targets for cellular entry. Although the majority of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience symptoms of mild upper respiratory tract infection, in some people infections of the peripheral airways result in severe, potentially fatal pneumonia. However, the induction of COVID-19 pneumonia requires that SARS-CoV-2 reaches the peripheral airways. While huge efforts have been made to understand the spread of the disease as well as the pathogenesis following cellular entry, much less attention is paid how SARS-CoV-2 from the environment reach the receptors of the target cells. The aim of the present study is to characterize the deposition distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the airways upon exposure to cough-generated aerosol. For this purpose, the Stochastic Lung Deposition Model has been applied. Aerosol size distribution and breathing parameters were taken from the literature supposing normal breathing through the nose. We found that the probability of direct infection of the peripheral airways due to inhalation of aerosol generated by a bystander cough is very low. As the number of pathogens deposited in the extrathoracic airways is ~10 times higher than in the peripheral airways, we concluded that in most cases COVID-19 pneumonia must be preceded by SARS-CoV-2 infection of the upper airways. Our results suggest that without the enhancement of viral load in the upper airways, COVID-19 would be much less dangerous..., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
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- 2020
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3. The effect of lung emptying before the inhalation of aerosol drugs on drug deposition in the respiratory system
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Farkas, Árpád, Tomisa, Gábor, Szénási, Georgina, Füri, Péter, Kugler, Szilvia, Nagy, Attila, Varga, János, and Horváth, Alpár
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- 2023
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4. The effect of exhalation before the inhalation of dry powder aerosol drugs on the breathing parameters, emitted doses and aerosol size distributions
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Farkas, Árpád, Tomisa, Gábor, Kugler, Szilvia, Nagy, Attila, Vaskó, Attila, Kis, Erika, Szénási, Georgina, Gálffy, Gabriella, and Horváth, Alpár
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- 2023
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5. Firework smoke: Impacts on urban air quality and deposition in the human respiratory system
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Salma, Imre, Farkas, Árpád, Weidinger, Tamás, and Balogh, Miklós
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- 2023
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6. Do we really target the receptors? Deposition and co-deposition of ICS-LABA fixed combination drugs
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Farkas, Árpád, Horváth, Alpár, Tomisa, Gábor, Kovács, Tamás, Böcskei, Renáta Marietta, Kis, Erika, and Varga, János
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- 2022
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7. Comprehensive In Vitro and In Silico Aerodynamic Analysis of High-Dose Ibuprofen- and Mannitol-Containing Dry Powder Inhalers for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis.
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Party, Petra, Piszman, Zsófia Ilona, Farkas, Árpád, and Ambrus, Rita
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OXYGENATORS ,CYSTIC fibrosis ,X-ray powder diffraction ,DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry ,SPRAY drying - Abstract
Background: Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease, which causes the accumulation of dense mucus in the lungs accompanied by frequent local inflammation. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBU) and the mucolytic mannitol (MAN) can treat these symptoms. Compared to per os administration, a lower dose of these drugs is sufficient to achieve the desired effect by delivering them in a pulmonary manner. However, it is still a challenge to administer high drug doses to the lungs. We aim to develop two inhaled powder formulations, a single-drug product of MAN and a combined formulation containing IBU and MAN. Methods: MAN was dissolved in an aqueous solution of Poloxamer-188 (POL). In the case of the combined formulation, a suspension was first prepared in a planetary mill via wet milling in POL medium. After the addition of leucine (LEU), the formulations were spray-dried. The prepared DPI samples were analyzed by using laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, density tests, in vitro aerodynamic studies (Andersen Cascade Impactor, Spraytec
® device), in vitro dissolution tests in artificial lung fluid, and in silico tests with stochastic lung model. Results: The DPIs showed suitability for inhalation with low-density spherical particles of appropriate size. The LEU-containing systems were characterized by high lung deposition and adequate aerodynamic diameter. The amorphization during the procedures resulted in rapid drug release. Conclusions: We have successfully produced a single-drug formulation and an innovative combination formulation, which could provide complex treatment for patients with cystic fibrosis to improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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8. Modeling of nursing care-associated airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a real-world hospital setting
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Nagy, Attila, Horváth, Alpár, Farkas, Árpád, Füri, Péter, Erdélyi, Tamás, Madas, Balázs G., Czitrovszky, Aladár, Merkely, Béla, Szabó, Attila, Ungvári, Zoltán, and Müller, Veronika
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- 2022
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9. Freeze-dried vs spray-dried nanoplex DPIs based on chitosan and its derivatives conjugated with hyaluronic acid for tuberculosis: In vitro aerodynamic and in silico deposition profiles
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Mukhtar, Mahwash, Szakonyi, Zsolt, Farkas, Árpád, Burian, Katalin, Kókai, Dávid, and Ambrus, Rita
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- 2021
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10. The effect of oral and nasal breathing on the deposition of inhaled particles in upper and tracheobronchial airways
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Lizal, Frantisek, Elcner, Jakub, Jedelsky, Jan, Maly, Milan, Jicha, Miroslav, Farkas, Árpád, Belka, Miloslav, Rehak, Zdenek, Adam, Jan, Brinek, Adam, Laznovsky, Jakub, Zikmund, Tomas, and Kaiser, Jozef
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- 2020
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11. The role of the combined use of experimental and computational methods in revealing the differences between the micron-size particle deposition patterns in healthy and asthmatic subjects
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Farkas, Árpád, Lizal, Frantisek, Jedelsky, Jan, Elcner, Jakub, Karas, Jakub, Belka, Miloslav, Misik, Ondrej, and Jicha, Miroslav
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- 2020
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12. Cellular burdens and biological effects on tissue level caused by inhaled radon progenies
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Madas, Balázs G., Balásházy, Imre, Farkas, Árpád, and Szőke, István
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Physics - Medical Physics ,Physics - Biological Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
In the case of radon exposure, the spatial distribution of deposited radioactive particles is highly inhomogeneous in the central airways. The objective of this research is to investigate the consequences of this heterogeneity regarding cellular burdens in the bronchial epithelium and to study the possible biological effects on tissue level. Applying a computational fluid dynamics program, the deposition distribution of inhaled radon daughters has been determined in a bronchial airway model for 23 minutes of work in the New Mexico uranium mine corresponding to 0.0129 WLM exposure. A numerical epithelium model based on experimental data has been utilized in order to quantify cellular hits and doses. Finally, a carcinogenesis model considering cell death induced cell cycle shortening has been applied to assess the biological responses. Computations present, that cellular dose may reach 1.5 Gy, which is several orders of magnitude higher than tissue dose. The results are in agreement with the histological finding that the uneven deposition distribution of radon progenies may lead to inhomogeneous spatial distribution of tumours in the bronchial airways. In addition, on macroscopic level, the relationship between cancer risk and radiation burden seems to be non-linear., Comment: paper presented in the 15th International Symposium on Microdosimetry (MICROS 2009 - Verona, Italy, 25-30 October, 2009), 5 pages, 7 figures
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- 2014
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13. Non-linear relationship of cell hit and transformation probabilities in low dose of inhaled radon progenies
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Balásházy, Imre, Farkas, Árpád, Madas, Balázs Gergely, and Hofmann, Werner
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Physics - Medical Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs - Abstract
Cellular hit probabilities of alpha particles emitted by inhaled radon progenies in sensitive bronchial epithelial cell nuclei were simulated at low exposure levels to obtain useful data for the rejection or in support of the linear-non-threshold (LNT) hypothesis. In this study, local distributions of deposited inhaled radon progenies in airway bifurcation models were computed at exposure conditions, which are characteristic of homes and uranium mines. Then, maximum local deposition enhancement factors at bronchial airway bifurcations, expressed as the ratio of local to average deposition densities, were determined to characterize the inhomogeneity of deposition and to elucidate their effect on resulting hit probabilities. The results obtained suggest that in the vicinity of the carinal regions of the central airways the probability of multiple hits can be quite high even at low average doses. Assuming a uniform distribution of activity there are practically no multiple hits and the hit probability as a function of dose exhibits a linear shape in the low dose range. The results are quite the opposite in the case of hot spots revealed by realistic deposition calculations, where practically all cells receive multiple hits and the hit probability as a function of dose is non-linear in the average dose range of 10-100 mGy., Comment: Copyright 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd, 18 pages, 7 figures
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- 2013
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14. Numerical simulation of fibre deposition in oral and large bronchial airways in comparison with experiments
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Farkas, Árpád, Lizal, Frantisek, Elcner, Jakub, Jedelsky, Jan, and Jicha, Miroslav
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- 2019
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15. Establishment of relationships between native and inhalation device specific spirometric parameters as a step towards patient tailored inhalation device selection
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Farkas, Árpád, Szipőcs, Annamária, Horváth, Alpár, Horváth, Ildikó, Gálffy, Gabriella, Varga, János, Galambos, Kristóf, Kugler, Szilvia, Nagy, Attila, and Szalai, Zsuzsanna
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- 2019
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16. A Novel Combined Dry Powder Inhaler Comprising Nanosized Ketoprofen-Embedded Mannitol-Coated Microparticles for Pulmonary Inflammations: Development, In Vitro–In Silico Characterization, and Cell Line Evaluation
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Banat, Heba, primary, Csóka, Ildikó, additional, Paróczai, Dóra, additional, Burian, Katalin, additional, Farkas, Árpád, additional, and Ambrus, Rita, additional
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- 2024
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17. Modeling of pulmonary deposition of agents of open and fixed dose triple combination therapies through two different low-resistance inhalers in COPD: a pilot study
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Erdelyi, Tamas, primary, Lazar, Zsofia, additional, Farkas, Árpád, additional, Furi, Peter, additional, Nagy, Attila, additional, and Müller, Veronika, additional
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- 2023
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18. Lung burden and deposition distribution of inhaled atmospheric urban ultrafine particles as the first step in their health risk assessment
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Salma, Imre, Füri, Péter, Németh, Zoltán, Balásházy, Imre, Hofmann, Werner, and Farkas, Árpád
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- 2015
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19. Computer Modelling as a Tool in Characterization and Optimization of Aerosol Drug Delivery
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Farkas, Árpád, Jókay, Ágnes, Füri, Péter, Balásházy, Imre, Müller, Veronika, Odler, Balázs, and Horváth, Alpár
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- 2015
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20. Simulation of the effect of mucociliary clearance on the bronchial distribution of inhaled radon progenies and related cellular damage using a new deposition and clearance model for the lung
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Farkas, Árpád
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Cell death ,Radon Daughters ,Mucociliary clearance ,Biophysics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Radon ,Models, Biological ,medicine ,Humans ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,Dosimetry ,Computer Simulation ,Radon inhalation ,Lung ,General Environmental Science ,Radiation ,Radon Decay Products ,Human airway ,Radiation Exposure ,respiratory tract diseases ,Radioactivity ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Air Pollutants, Radioactive ,Mucociliary Clearance ,Cell transformation ,Original Article ,Deposition (chemistry) ,Fast clearance - Abstract
Most of the current dosimetry models of inhaled short-lived radon decay products assume uniform activity distributions along the bronchial airways. In reality, however, both deposition and clearance patterns of inhaled radon progenies are highly inhomogeneous. Consequently, a new deposition-clearance model has been developed that accounts for such inhomogeneities and applied together with biophysical models of cell death and cell transformation. The scope of this study was to apply this model which is based on computational fluid and particle dynamics methods, in an effort to reveal the effect of mucociliary clearance on the bronchial distribution of deposited radon progenies. Furthermore, the influence of mucociliary clearance on the spatial distribution of biological damage due to alpha-decay of the deposited radon progenies was also studied. The results obtained demonstrate that both deposition and clearance of inhaled radon progenies are highly non-uniform within a human airway bifurcation unit. Due to the topology of the carinal ridge, a slow clearance zone emerged in this region, which is the location where most of the radio-aerosols deposit. In spite of the slow mucus movement in this zone, the initial degree of inhomogeneity of the activity due to the nonuniform deposition decreased by a factor of about 3 by considering the effect of mucociliary clearance. In the peak of the airway bifurcation, the computed cell death and cell transformation probabilities were lower when considering deposition and clearance simultaneously, compared to the case when only deposition was considered. However, cellular damage remained clustered.
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- 2020
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21. Lagrangian tracking of fibres in a channel flow
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Volavy Jaroslav, Farkas Árpád, Lizal Frantisek, Elcner Jakub, and Jicha Miroslav
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Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Tracking of fibres in a fluid flow is much more complicated than tracking of spherical particles. In fibre motion, the orientation of fibre against the flow direction plays a very important role. In addition to the standard equation of motion, additional equations for orientation and angular velocity must be solved during the tracking of fibres. A mathematical model describing fibre motion is introduced in this work. Capabilities of this model are demonstrated through simulations of fibre transportation by air in a channel flow. The importance of the terms in the equation of angular velocity are discussed.
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- 2019
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22. Stochastic Aspects of Primary Cellular Consequences of Radon Inhalation
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Szőke, István, Farkas, Árpád, Balásházy, Imre, and Hofmann, Werner
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- 2009
23. On the behavior of inhaled fibers in a replica of the first airway bifurcation under steady flow conditions
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Lízal, František, Cabalka, Matouš, Malý, Milan, Elcner, Jakub, Bělka, Miloslav, Lízalová Šujanská, Elena, Farkas, Árpád, Štarha, Pavel, Pech, Ondřej, Mišík, Ondrej, Jedelský, Jan, Jícha, Miroslav, Lízal, František, Cabalka, Matouš, Malý, Milan, Elcner, Jakub, Bělka, Miloslav, Lízalová Šujanská, Elena, Farkas, Árpád, Štarha, Pavel, Pech, Ondřej, Mišík, Ondrej, Jedelský, Jan, and Jícha, Miroslav
- Abstract
Inhaled fibers can potentially cause inflammation of the lung tissue and interstitium, which after long-term exposure may lead to lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, or pulmonary and pleural fibrosis. To reduce the risk and set the appropriate occupational hygiene regulations, it is important to be able to precisely calculate the fate of inhaled fibers depending on their physical characteristics and inhalation conditions. In the absence of experimental data on the real behavior - trajectories, orientation and flipping - of inhaled fibers, a new test rig was assembled for visualization and recording of flowing fibers in a replica of the human trachea and the first bronchial bifurcation. Fibers prepared from commercially produced glass fibers have been processed, dispersed, and introduced into the airway replica. Visualization was performed using a powerful LED light and a high-speed camera. The flow of fibers was evaluated upstream and downstream of the realistic asymmetrical bifurcation and dependence on flow conditions was sought. The fractions of parallelly and perpendicularly flowing fibers were statistically evaluated in three locations. The frequency of flipping was also analyzed. The results show that the parallel orientation of the fibers is less dominant than expected. The fiber orientation tables for various conditions can be used to adjust and improve computational simulations of inhaled fibers in the human airways.
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- 2022
24. Simulation of the effect of local obstructions and blockage on airflow and aerosol deposition in central human airways
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Farkas, Árpád and Balásházy, Imre
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- 2007
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25. Formulation and In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of “Nano-in-Micro” Dry Powder Inhalers Containing Meloxicam
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Party, Petra, primary, Bartos, Csilla, additional, Farkas, Árpád, additional, Szabó-Révész, Piroska, additional, and Ambrus, Rita, additional
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- 2021
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26. Deposition distribution of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the human airways upon exposure to cough-generated droplets and aerosol particles
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Madas, Balázs G., primary, Füri, Péter, additional, Farkas, Árpád, additional, Nagy, Attila, additional, Czitrovszky, Aladár, additional, Balásházy, Imre, additional, Schay, Gusztáv G., additional, and Horváth, Alpár, additional
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- 2020
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27. Development of an Innovative, Carrier-Based Dry Powder Inhalation Formulation Containing Spray-Dried Meloxicam Potassium to Improve the In Vitro and In Silico Aerodynamic Properties
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Benke, Edit, primary, Farkas, Árpád, additional, Szabó-Révész, Piroska, additional, and Ambrus, Rita, additional
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- 2020
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28. Twenty-nine Cases of Enterovirus-D68-associated Acute Flaccid Myelitis in Europe 2016: A Case Series and Epidemiologic Overview
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Knoester, Marjolein, Helfferich, J, Poelman, Randy, Van Leer-Buter, Coretta, Brouwer, OF, Niesters, Hubert G.M., Aberle, SW, Popow-Kraupp, T, Nikolaeva-Glomb, L, Rainetova, P, Midgley, Sofie, Fischer, T.K., Simonlatser, G, Savolainen-Kopra, Carita, Lina, Bruno, Shuffenecker, I, Kossorotoff, M, Antona, D, Eis-Hübinger, Anna M., Buderus, S, Panning, Marcus, Nowotny, Marlene, Kiechle, L, Böttcher, S, Takács, Monika, Farkas, Árpád, Love, A, Baldanti, Fausto, Piralla, Antonio, Capobianchi, Maria R, Valli, Mats, Esposito, S, Pariani, E, Binda, S, Neuteboom, R, Pas, Suzan D., Benschop, Kimberley, Meijer, A, Nordbø, SA, Hafström, Maria, Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen, Pfeiffer, H, Guiomar, R, Palminha, P, Costa, I, Dias, Assembayev, Tecu, C, Cherciu, CM, Lazarevic, Ivana, Filipovic-Vignjevic, S, Berginc, Natasa, Marguello, MG, Cabrerizo, Maria, Garcia-Iniguez, JP, Perez-Castro, S, Rodrigo, CP, Antón, Annie, Rabella, N, Dyrdak, Robert, Albert, J, Kramer, R.B.G., Stacpoole, S, Thomas, R, O'Flaherty, N, Drew, RA, Templeton, K, McDougall, Craig, Eunson, Paul, Chinchankar, N, Shetty, J, Moore, Catherine, and Williams, C
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Male ,Baclofen ,PARALYSIS ,viruses ,OUTBREAK ,Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata ,Respiratory System ,ENTEROVIRUS D68 INFECTION ,CHILDREN ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pediatrics ,Original Studies ,Disease Outbreaks ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,EV-D68 ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT ,AUGUST ,Enterovirus D, Human ,enterovirus ,Respiratory disease ,virus diseases ,Neuromuscular Diseases ,Middle Aged ,Perinatology and Child Health ,Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica ,Europe ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Muscle Hypotonia ,Respiratory virus ,Female ,Rhinovirus ,NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS ,laboratory surveillance ,Adult ,Microbiology (medical) ,Adolescent ,Picornaviridae ,Enterovirus D ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,myelitis ,030225 pediatrics ,Enterovirus Infections ,Humans ,IDENTIFICATION ,business.industry ,Infant ,enterovirus D68 ,CLUSTER ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Acute flaccid myelitis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Central Nervous System Viral Diseases ,Deglutition Disorders ,business ,Enterovirus D68 ,Respiratory tract - Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background: Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) is a respiratory virus within the genus Enterovirus and the family of Picornaviridae. Genetically, it is closely related to rhinovirus that replicates in the respiratory tract and causes respiratory disease. Since 2014, EV-D68 has been associated with the neurologic syndrome of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Methods: In October 2016, questionnaires were sent out to a European network including 66 virologists and clinicians, to develop an inventory of EV-D68–associated AFM cases in Europe. Clinical and virologic information of case patients was requested. In addition, epidemiologic information on EV testing was collected for the period between March and October 2016. Results: Twenty-nine cases of EV-D68–associated AFM were identified, from 12 different European countries. Five originated from France, 5 from Scotland and 3 each from Sweden, Norway and Spain. Twenty-six were children (median age 3.8 years), 3 were adults. EV-D68 was detected in respiratory materials (n = 27), feces (n = 8) and/or cerebrospinal fluid (n = 2). Common clinical features were asymmetric flaccid limb weakness, cranial nerve deficits and bulbar symptoms. On magnetic resonance imaging, typical findings were hyperintensity of the central cord and/or brainstem; low motor amplitudes with normal conduction velocities were seen on electromyography. Full clinical recovery was rare (n = 3), and 2 patients died. The epidemiologic data from 16 European laboratories showed that of all EV-D68–positive samples, 99% was detected in a respiratory specimen. Conclusions: For 2016, 29 EV-D68–related AFM cases were identified in mostly Western Europe. This is likely an underestimation, because case identification is dependent on awareness among clinicians, adequate viral diagnostics on respiratory samples and the capability of laboratories to type EVs.
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- 2019
29. Simulation of Airway Deposition of an Aerosol Drug in COPD Patients
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Farkas, Árpád, primary, Lizal, Frantisek, additional, Jedelsky, Jan, additional, Elcner, Jakub, additional, Horváth, Alpár, additional, and Jicha, Miroslav, additional
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- 2019
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30. Simulation of Airway Deposition of an Aerosol Drug in COPD Patients
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Farkas, Árpád, Lízal, František, Jedelský, Jan, Elcner, Jakub, Horváth, Alpár, Jícha, Miroslav, Farkas, Árpád, Lízal, František, Jedelský, Jan, Elcner, Jakub, Horváth, Alpár, and Jícha, Miroslav
- Abstract
Medical aerosols are key elements of current chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) therapy. Therapeutic effects are conditioned by the delivery of the right amount of medication to the right place within the airways, that is, to the drug receptors. Deposition of the inhaled drugs is sensitive to the breathing pattern of the patients which is also connected with the patient's disease severity. The objective of this work was to measure the realistic inhalation profiles of mild, moderate, and severe COPD patients, simulate the deposition patterns of Symbicort((R)) Turbuhaler((R)) dry powder drug and compare them to similar patterns of healthy control subjects. For this purpose, a stochastic airway deposition model has been applied. Our results revealed that the amount of drug depositing within the lungs correlated with the degree of disease severity. While drug deposition fraction in the lungs of mild COPD patients compared with that of healthy subjects (28% versus 31%), lung deposition fraction characteristic of severe COPD patients was lower by a factor of almost two (about 17%). Deposition fraction of moderate COPD patients was in-between (23%). This implies that for the same inhaler dosage severe COPD patients receive a significantly lower lung dose, although, they would need more.
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- 2019
31. Lagrangian tracking of fibres in a channel flow
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Volavý, Jaroslav, Farkas, Árpád, Lízal, František, Elcner, Jakub, Jícha, Miroslav, Volavý, Jaroslav, Farkas, Árpád, Lízal, František, Elcner, Jakub, and Jícha, Miroslav
- Abstract
Tracking of fibres in a fluid flow is much more complicated than tracking of spherical particles. In fibre motion, the orientation of fibre against the flow direction plays a very important role. In addition to the standard equation of motion, additional equations for orientation and angular velocity must be solved during the tracking of fibres. A mathematical model describing fibre motion is introduced in this work. Capabilities of this model are demonstrated through simulations of fibre transportation by air in a channel flow. The importance of the terms in the equation of angular velocity are discussed.
- Published
- 2018
32. Pulmonary gas conducting interstitial pathway.
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Bense, László, Eklund, Gunnar, Jorulf, Håkan, Farkas, Árpád, Eden-Strindberg, Jerker, Gennser, Mikael, Jókay, Ágnes, Krebsz, Ádám, Bense, László, Eklund, Gunnar, Jorulf, Håkan, Farkas, Árpád, Eden-Strindberg, Jerker, Gennser, Mikael, Jókay, Ágnes, and Krebsz, Ádám
- Abstract
In spite of the growing efforts oriented towards revealing different aspects of emphysema, the persistence of the emphysematous or emphysema-like changes (ELCs) is not explored yet in the open literature. In this study we demonstrate the persistence of an ELC for 22 years in a spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) patient which indicates a hitherto unknown gas supply to the ELC. For this purpose we used high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images processed into three-dimensional (3D) geometry. By the same token, not only a long persistence but also the volume increase of this ELC between 2002 and 2010 was demonstrated. The 3D geometry visualized an aerated interstitial structure between the sites of supposed gas leakage at the wall of the third generation airways and the ELC. This potential gas conducting interstitial pathway is not a continuation and has neither the form nor the structure of a bronchus. The finding suggests that in this patient the intrabronchial gas passes through the bronchial wall and via a gas conducting interstitial pathway reaches the ELC. Despite the availability of the presently employed techniques for at least 15 years, such case and phenomenon have not been described previously. The retrieval of the patient suggests that the findings could be relevant for a considerable proportion of the population.
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- 2015
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33. Pulmonary gas conducting interstitial pathway
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Bense, László, primary, Eklund, Gunnar, additional, Jorulf, Håkan, additional, Farkas, Árpád, additional, Eden-Strindberg, Jerker, additional, Gennser, Mikael, additional, Jókay, Ágnes, additional, and Krebsz, Ádám, additional
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- 2015
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34. Right main bronchus perforation detected by 3D-image.
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Bense, László, Eklund, Gunnar, Jorulf, Hakan, Farkas, Árpád, Balásházy, Imre, Hedenstierna, Göran, Krebsz, Ádám, Madas, Balázs Gergely, and Strindberg, Jerker Eden
- Abstract
A male metal worker, who has never smoked, contracted debilitating dyspnoea in 2003 which then deteriorated until 2007. Spirometry and chest x-rays provided no diagnosis. A 3D-image of the airways was reconstructed from a high-resolution CT (HRCT) in 2007, showing peribronchial air on the right side, mostly along the presegmental airways. After digital subtraction of the image of the peribronchial air, a hole on the cranial side of the right main bronchus was detected. The perforation could be identified at the re-examination of HRCTs in 2007 and 2009, but not in 2010 when it had possibly healed. The occupational exposure of the patient to evaporating chemicals might have contributed to the perforation and hampered its healing. A 3D HRCT reconstruction should be considered to detect bronchial anomalies, including wallperforation, when unexplained dyspnoea or other chest symptoms call for extended investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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35. Right main bronchus perforation detected by 3D-image.
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Bense, László, Eklund, Gunnar, Jorulf, Hakan, Farkas, Árpád, Balásházy, Imre, Hedenstierna, Göran, Krebsz, Ádám, Madas, Balázs Gergely, and Strindberg, Jerker Eden
- Abstract
A male metal worker, who has never smoked, contracted debilitating dyspnoea in 2003 which then deteriorated until 2007. Spirometry and chest x-rays provided no diagnosis. A 3D-image of the airways was reconstructed from a high-resolution CT (HRCT) in 2007, showing peribronchial air on the right side, mostly along the presegmental airways. After digital subtraction of the image of the peribronchial air, a hole on the cranial side of the right main bronchus was detected. The perforation could be identified at the re-examination of HRCTs in 2007 and 2009, but not in 2010 when it had possibly healed. The occupational exposure of the patient to evaporating chemicals might have contributed to the perforation and hampered its healing. A 3D HRCT reconstruction should be considered to detect bronchial anomalies, including wallperforation, when unexplained dyspnoea or other chest symptoms call for extended investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. In Vitro Study of the Effect of Particle Characteristics and Flow Rate on Regional Deposition in Human Airways
- Author
-
Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, Bělka, Miloslav, Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, and Bělka, Miloslav
- Abstract
Dlouhodobé vdechování částic může přispívat ke vzniku nebo zhoršení nejrůznějších plicních onemocnění. Na druhou stranu, vdechování léčiv je často používanou metodou podávání léků proti astmatu a jiným nemocem dýchacího ústrojí. V obou případech je důležité dobře porozumět mechanismům, na jejichž základě funguje pohyb částic a jejich usazování v dýchacích cestách. Cílem této disertační práce bylo získat nová experimentální data depozice částic a analyzovat vliv tvaru částic a průtoku vzduchu na depozici. Byla studována depozice porézních a vláknitých částic v realistickém modelu dýchacích cest. Porézní částice byly vyrobeny různými metodami, např. sprejovým sušením nebo metodou krystalizace. Takto vyrobené částice byly použity při depozičních experimentech. Detekce částic byla provedena pomocí UV/VIS spektrofotometrie. Vláknitý aerosol byl vytvořen rozdrcením skelné vaty. Takto vzniklé vláknité částice byly několikrát prosety přes řadu sít a dále roztříděny podle délky pomocí klasifikátoru pracujícím na principu dielektroforézy. Následná depozice byla vyhodnocena použitím mikroskopie s fázovým kontrastem. Ke zrychlení analýzy byl vyvinut program, který dokáže na základě analýzy obrazu najít a spočítat vlákna. Výsledky experimentu byly použity k určení depozičních charakteristik. S jejich pomocí pak byl kvantifikován vliv tvaru částic a průtoku na míru usazování. Depoziční účinnost částic rostla v závislosti na Stokesově čísle, což poukazuje na vliv setrvačnosti při usazování částic. Bylo prokázáno, že depoziční účinnost porézních částic je podobná té u částic kulových při stejném Stokesově čísle. Vláknité částice se usazovali méně efektivně v porovnání s kulovými částicemi majícími stejné Stokesovo číslo. Jelikož byly okrajové podmínky dostatečně popsány a model plic je k dispozici i v digitální podobě, je možné data použít k validaci výsledků numerických simulací., Inhalation of airborne particulate matter can trigger or exacerbate pre–existing lung conditions. On the other hand, inhalation of aerosolized medicaments can be used for treatment of various respiratory or systemic diseases. In both cases, it is essential to comprehend the particle transport and subsequent deposition. The aim of this PhD thesis is to obtain new experimental data on particle deposition and elucidate the effect of particle shape and flow rate on deposition. The deposition of porous and fibrous particles in the realistic replica of human respiratory airways was studied. The porous particles were produced by various methods, such as spray–drying or liquid–liquid interface crystallization. The produced particles were introduced into the replica and the subsequent deposition was detected using spectrophotometry. The fibrous particles were produced by crushing glass wool material. To narrow the fiber size distribution, the resulting fibers were sieved and then classified according to their length using a dielectrophoretic classifier. The fiber deposition inside the replica was detected using phase–contrast microscopy. To speed–up this analysis, an in–house software based on image processing was developed. The results were utilized to calculate deposition characteristics. The deposition efficiency of both particle types increased with increasing Stokes number indicating a significant role of impaction. Comparing their deposition efficiency to that of spherical particles, porous particles exhibited similar deposition efficiencies, however, fibers deposited less efficiently than spherical particles having the same Stokes number. As the boundary conditions were sufficiently described and the replica is available in a digital format, the data can be also employed in validation of numerical simulations.
37. In Vitro Study of the Effect of Particle Characteristics and Flow Rate on Regional Deposition in Human Airways
- Author
-
Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, Bělka, Miloslav, Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, and Bělka, Miloslav
- Abstract
Dlouhodobé vdechování částic může přispívat ke vzniku nebo zhoršení nejrůznějších plicních onemocnění. Na druhou stranu, vdechování léčiv je často používanou metodou podávání léků proti astmatu a jiným nemocem dýchacího ústrojí. V obou případech je důležité dobře porozumět mechanismům, na jejichž základě funguje pohyb částic a jejich usazování v dýchacích cestách. Cílem této disertační práce bylo získat nová experimentální data depozice částic a analyzovat vliv tvaru částic a průtoku vzduchu na depozici. Byla studována depozice porézních a vláknitých částic v realistickém modelu dýchacích cest. Porézní částice byly vyrobeny různými metodami, např. sprejovým sušením nebo metodou krystalizace. Takto vyrobené částice byly použity při depozičních experimentech. Detekce částic byla provedena pomocí UV/VIS spektrofotometrie. Vláknitý aerosol byl vytvořen rozdrcením skelné vaty. Takto vzniklé vláknité částice byly několikrát prosety přes řadu sít a dále roztříděny podle délky pomocí klasifikátoru pracujícím na principu dielektroforézy. Následná depozice byla vyhodnocena použitím mikroskopie s fázovým kontrastem. Ke zrychlení analýzy byl vyvinut program, který dokáže na základě analýzy obrazu najít a spočítat vlákna. Výsledky experimentu byly použity k určení depozičních charakteristik. S jejich pomocí pak byl kvantifikován vliv tvaru částic a průtoku na míru usazování. Depoziční účinnost částic rostla v závislosti na Stokesově čísle, což poukazuje na vliv setrvačnosti při usazování částic. Bylo prokázáno, že depoziční účinnost porézních částic je podobná té u částic kulových při stejném Stokesově čísle. Vláknité částice se usazovali méně efektivně v porovnání s kulovými částicemi majícími stejné Stokesovo číslo. Jelikož byly okrajové podmínky dostatečně popsány a model plic je k dispozici i v digitální podobě, je možné data použít k validaci výsledků numerických simulací., Inhalation of airborne particulate matter can trigger or exacerbate pre–existing lung conditions. On the other hand, inhalation of aerosolized medicaments can be used for treatment of various respiratory or systemic diseases. In both cases, it is essential to comprehend the particle transport and subsequent deposition. The aim of this PhD thesis is to obtain new experimental data on particle deposition and elucidate the effect of particle shape and flow rate on deposition. The deposition of porous and fibrous particles in the realistic replica of human respiratory airways was studied. The porous particles were produced by various methods, such as spray–drying or liquid–liquid interface crystallization. The produced particles were introduced into the replica and the subsequent deposition was detected using spectrophotometry. The fibrous particles were produced by crushing glass wool material. To narrow the fiber size distribution, the resulting fibers were sieved and then classified according to their length using a dielectrophoretic classifier. The fiber deposition inside the replica was detected using phase–contrast microscopy. To speed–up this analysis, an in–house software based on image processing was developed. The results were utilized to calculate deposition characteristics. The deposition efficiency of both particle types increased with increasing Stokes number indicating a significant role of impaction. Comparing their deposition efficiency to that of spherical particles, porous particles exhibited similar deposition efficiencies, however, fibers deposited less efficiently than spherical particles having the same Stokes number. As the boundary conditions were sufficiently described and the replica is available in a digital format, the data can be also employed in validation of numerical simulations.
38. In Vitro Study of the Effect of Particle Characteristics and Flow Rate on Regional Deposition in Human Airways
- Author
-
Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, and Farkas, Árpád
- Abstract
Dlouhodobé vdechování částic může přispívat ke vzniku nebo zhoršení nejrůznějších plicních onemocnění. Na druhou stranu, vdechování léčiv je často používanou metodou podávání léků proti astmatu a jiným nemocem dýchacího ústrojí. V obou případech je důležité dobře porozumět mechanismům, na jejichž základě funguje pohyb částic a jejich usazování v dýchacích cestách. Cílem této disertační práce bylo získat nová experimentální data depozice částic a analyzovat vliv tvaru částic a průtoku vzduchu na depozici. Byla studována depozice porézních a vláknitých částic v realistickém modelu dýchacích cest. Porézní částice byly vyrobeny různými metodami, např. sprejovým sušením nebo metodou krystalizace. Takto vyrobené částice byly použity při depozičních experimentech. Detekce částic byla provedena pomocí UV/VIS spektrofotometrie. Vláknitý aerosol byl vytvořen rozdrcením skelné vaty. Takto vzniklé vláknité částice byly několikrát prosety přes řadu sít a dále roztříděny podle délky pomocí klasifikátoru pracujícím na principu dielektroforézy. Následná depozice byla vyhodnocena použitím mikroskopie s fázovým kontrastem. Ke zrychlení analýzy byl vyvinut program, který dokáže na základě analýzy obrazu najít a spočítat vlákna. Výsledky experimentu byly použity k určení depozičních charakteristik. S jejich pomocí pak byl kvantifikován vliv tvaru částic a průtoku na míru usazování. Depoziční účinnost částic rostla v závislosti na Stokesově čísle, což poukazuje na vliv setrvačnosti při usazování částic. Bylo prokázáno, že depoziční účinnost porézních částic je podobná té u částic kulových při stejném Stokesově čísle. Vláknité částice se usazovali méně efektivně v porovnání s kulovými částicemi majícími stejné Stokesovo číslo. Jelikož byly okrajové podmínky dostatečně popsány a model plic je k dispozici i v digitální podobě, je možné data použít k validaci výsledků numerických simulací., Inhalation of airborne particulate matter can trigger or exacerbate pre–existing lung conditions. On the other hand, inhalation of aerosolized medicaments can be used for treatment of various respiratory or systemic diseases. In both cases, it is essential to comprehend the particle transport and subsequent deposition. The aim of this PhD thesis is to obtain new experimental data on particle deposition and elucidate the effect of particle shape and flow rate on deposition. The deposition of porous and fibrous particles in the realistic replica of human respiratory airways was studied. The porous particles were produced by various methods, such as spray–drying or liquid–liquid interface crystallization. The produced particles were introduced into the replica and the subsequent deposition was detected using spectrophotometry. The fibrous particles were produced by crushing glass wool material. To narrow the fiber size distribution, the resulting fibers were sieved and then classified according to their length using a dielectrophoretic classifier. The fiber deposition inside the replica was detected using phase–contrast microscopy. To speed–up this analysis, an in–house software based on image processing was developed. The results were utilized to calculate deposition characteristics. The deposition efficiency of both particle types increased with increasing Stokes number indicating a significant role of impaction. Comparing their deposition efficiency to that of spherical particles, porous particles exhibited similar deposition efficiencies, however, fibers deposited less efficiently than spherical particles having the same Stokes number. As the boundary conditions were sufficiently described and the replica is available in a digital format, the data can be also employed in validation of numerical simulations.
39. In Vitro Study of the Effect of Particle Characteristics and Flow Rate on Regional Deposition in Human Airways
- Author
-
Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, and Farkas, Árpád
- Abstract
Dlouhodobé vdechování částic může přispívat ke vzniku nebo zhoršení nejrůznějších plicních onemocnění. Na druhou stranu, vdechování léčiv je často používanou metodou podávání léků proti astmatu a jiným nemocem dýchacího ústrojí. V obou případech je důležité dobře porozumět mechanismům, na jejichž základě funguje pohyb částic a jejich usazování v dýchacích cestách. Cílem této disertační práce bylo získat nová experimentální data depozice částic a analyzovat vliv tvaru částic a průtoku vzduchu na depozici. Byla studována depozice porézních a vláknitých částic v realistickém modelu dýchacích cest. Porézní částice byly vyrobeny různými metodami, např. sprejovým sušením nebo metodou krystalizace. Takto vyrobené částice byly použity při depozičních experimentech. Detekce částic byla provedena pomocí UV/VIS spektrofotometrie. Vláknitý aerosol byl vytvořen rozdrcením skelné vaty. Takto vzniklé vláknité částice byly několikrát prosety přes řadu sít a dále roztříděny podle délky pomocí klasifikátoru pracujícím na principu dielektroforézy. Následná depozice byla vyhodnocena použitím mikroskopie s fázovým kontrastem. Ke zrychlení analýzy byl vyvinut program, který dokáže na základě analýzy obrazu najít a spočítat vlákna. Výsledky experimentu byly použity k určení depozičních charakteristik. S jejich pomocí pak byl kvantifikován vliv tvaru částic a průtoku na míru usazování. Depoziční účinnost částic rostla v závislosti na Stokesově čísle, což poukazuje na vliv setrvačnosti při usazování částic. Bylo prokázáno, že depoziční účinnost porézních částic je podobná té u částic kulových při stejném Stokesově čísle. Vláknité částice se usazovali méně efektivně v porovnání s kulovými částicemi majícími stejné Stokesovo číslo. Jelikož byly okrajové podmínky dostatečně popsány a model plic je k dispozici i v digitální podobě, je možné data použít k validaci výsledků numerických simulací., Inhalation of airborne particulate matter can trigger or exacerbate pre–existing lung conditions. On the other hand, inhalation of aerosolized medicaments can be used for treatment of various respiratory or systemic diseases. In both cases, it is essential to comprehend the particle transport and subsequent deposition. The aim of this PhD thesis is to obtain new experimental data on particle deposition and elucidate the effect of particle shape and flow rate on deposition. The deposition of porous and fibrous particles in the realistic replica of human respiratory airways was studied. The porous particles were produced by various methods, such as spray–drying or liquid–liquid interface crystallization. The produced particles were introduced into the replica and the subsequent deposition was detected using spectrophotometry. The fibrous particles were produced by crushing glass wool material. To narrow the fiber size distribution, the resulting fibers were sieved and then classified according to their length using a dielectrophoretic classifier. The fiber deposition inside the replica was detected using phase–contrast microscopy. To speed–up this analysis, an in–house software based on image processing was developed. The results were utilized to calculate deposition characteristics. The deposition efficiency of both particle types increased with increasing Stokes number indicating a significant role of impaction. Comparing their deposition efficiency to that of spherical particles, porous particles exhibited similar deposition efficiencies, however, fibers deposited less efficiently than spherical particles having the same Stokes number. As the boundary conditions were sufficiently described and the replica is available in a digital format, the data can be also employed in validation of numerical simulations.
40. In Vitro Study of the Effect of Particle Characteristics and Flow Rate on Regional Deposition in Human Airways
- Author
-
Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, and Farkas, Árpád
- Abstract
Dlouhodobé vdechování částic může přispívat ke vzniku nebo zhoršení nejrůznějších plicních onemocnění. Na druhou stranu, vdechování léčiv je často používanou metodou podávání léků proti astmatu a jiným nemocem dýchacího ústrojí. V obou případech je důležité dobře porozumět mechanismům, na jejichž základě funguje pohyb částic a jejich usazování v dýchacích cestách. Cílem této disertační práce bylo získat nová experimentální data depozice částic a analyzovat vliv tvaru částic a průtoku vzduchu na depozici. Byla studována depozice porézních a vláknitých částic v realistickém modelu dýchacích cest. Porézní částice byly vyrobeny různými metodami, např. sprejovým sušením nebo metodou krystalizace. Takto vyrobené částice byly použity při depozičních experimentech. Detekce částic byla provedena pomocí UV/VIS spektrofotometrie. Vláknitý aerosol byl vytvořen rozdrcením skelné vaty. Takto vzniklé vláknité částice byly několikrát prosety přes řadu sít a dále roztříděny podle délky pomocí klasifikátoru pracujícím na principu dielektroforézy. Následná depozice byla vyhodnocena použitím mikroskopie s fázovým kontrastem. Ke zrychlení analýzy byl vyvinut program, který dokáže na základě analýzy obrazu najít a spočítat vlákna. Výsledky experimentu byly použity k určení depozičních charakteristik. S jejich pomocí pak byl kvantifikován vliv tvaru částic a průtoku na míru usazování. Depoziční účinnost částic rostla v závislosti na Stokesově čísle, což poukazuje na vliv setrvačnosti při usazování částic. Bylo prokázáno, že depoziční účinnost porézních částic je podobná té u částic kulových při stejném Stokesově čísle. Vláknité částice se usazovali méně efektivně v porovnání s kulovými částicemi majícími stejné Stokesovo číslo. Jelikož byly okrajové podmínky dostatečně popsány a model plic je k dispozici i v digitální podobě, je možné data použít k validaci výsledků numerických simulací., Inhalation of airborne particulate matter can trigger or exacerbate pre–existing lung conditions. On the other hand, inhalation of aerosolized medicaments can be used for treatment of various respiratory or systemic diseases. In both cases, it is essential to comprehend the particle transport and subsequent deposition. The aim of this PhD thesis is to obtain new experimental data on particle deposition and elucidate the effect of particle shape and flow rate on deposition. The deposition of porous and fibrous particles in the realistic replica of human respiratory airways was studied. The porous particles were produced by various methods, such as spray–drying or liquid–liquid interface crystallization. The produced particles were introduced into the replica and the subsequent deposition was detected using spectrophotometry. The fibrous particles were produced by crushing glass wool material. To narrow the fiber size distribution, the resulting fibers were sieved and then classified according to their length using a dielectrophoretic classifier. The fiber deposition inside the replica was detected using phase–contrast microscopy. To speed–up this analysis, an in–house software based on image processing was developed. The results were utilized to calculate deposition characteristics. The deposition efficiency of both particle types increased with increasing Stokes number indicating a significant role of impaction. Comparing their deposition efficiency to that of spherical particles, porous particles exhibited similar deposition efficiencies, however, fibers deposited less efficiently than spherical particles having the same Stokes number. As the boundary conditions were sufficiently described and the replica is available in a digital format, the data can be also employed in validation of numerical simulations.
41. In Vitro Study of the Effect of Particle Characteristics and Flow Rate on Regional Deposition in Human Airways
- Author
-
Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, Bělka, Miloslav, Jedelský, Jan, Adamec, Vladimír, Farkas, Árpád, and Bělka, Miloslav
- Abstract
Dlouhodobé vdechování částic může přispívat ke vzniku nebo zhoršení nejrůznějších plicních onemocnění. Na druhou stranu, vdechování léčiv je často používanou metodou podávání léků proti astmatu a jiným nemocem dýchacího ústrojí. V obou případech je důležité dobře porozumět mechanismům, na jejichž základě funguje pohyb částic a jejich usazování v dýchacích cestách. Cílem této disertační práce bylo získat nová experimentální data depozice částic a analyzovat vliv tvaru částic a průtoku vzduchu na depozici. Byla studována depozice porézních a vláknitých částic v realistickém modelu dýchacích cest. Porézní částice byly vyrobeny různými metodami, např. sprejovým sušením nebo metodou krystalizace. Takto vyrobené částice byly použity při depozičních experimentech. Detekce částic byla provedena pomocí UV/VIS spektrofotometrie. Vláknitý aerosol byl vytvořen rozdrcením skelné vaty. Takto vzniklé vláknité částice byly několikrát prosety přes řadu sít a dále roztříděny podle délky pomocí klasifikátoru pracujícím na principu dielektroforézy. Následná depozice byla vyhodnocena použitím mikroskopie s fázovým kontrastem. Ke zrychlení analýzy byl vyvinut program, který dokáže na základě analýzy obrazu najít a spočítat vlákna. Výsledky experimentu byly použity k určení depozičních charakteristik. S jejich pomocí pak byl kvantifikován vliv tvaru částic a průtoku na míru usazování. Depoziční účinnost částic rostla v závislosti na Stokesově čísle, což poukazuje na vliv setrvačnosti při usazování částic. Bylo prokázáno, že depoziční účinnost porézních částic je podobná té u částic kulových při stejném Stokesově čísle. Vláknité částice se usazovali méně efektivně v porovnání s kulovými částicemi majícími stejné Stokesovo číslo. Jelikož byly okrajové podmínky dostatečně popsány a model plic je k dispozici i v digitální podobě, je možné data použít k validaci výsledků numerických simulací., Inhalation of airborne particulate matter can trigger or exacerbate pre–existing lung conditions. On the other hand, inhalation of aerosolized medicaments can be used for treatment of various respiratory or systemic diseases. In both cases, it is essential to comprehend the particle transport and subsequent deposition. The aim of this PhD thesis is to obtain new experimental data on particle deposition and elucidate the effect of particle shape and flow rate on deposition. The deposition of porous and fibrous particles in the realistic replica of human respiratory airways was studied. The porous particles were produced by various methods, such as spray–drying or liquid–liquid interface crystallization. The produced particles were introduced into the replica and the subsequent deposition was detected using spectrophotometry. The fibrous particles were produced by crushing glass wool material. To narrow the fiber size distribution, the resulting fibers were sieved and then classified according to their length using a dielectrophoretic classifier. The fiber deposition inside the replica was detected using phase–contrast microscopy. To speed–up this analysis, an in–house software based on image processing was developed. The results were utilized to calculate deposition characteristics. The deposition efficiency of both particle types increased with increasing Stokes number indicating a significant role of impaction. Comparing their deposition efficiency to that of spherical particles, porous particles exhibited similar deposition efficiencies, however, fibers deposited less efficiently than spherical particles having the same Stokes number. As the boundary conditions were sufficiently described and the replica is available in a digital format, the data can be also employed in validation of numerical simulations.
42. Stochastic Aspects of Primary Cellular Consequences of Radon Inhalation
- Author
-
Szőke, István, Farkas, Árpád, Balásházy, Imre, and Hofmann, Werner
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Contemporary Crossroads III: Studies in English Applied Linguistics
- Author
-
Farkas, Árpád
- Published
- 2022
44. Nyelvtanulással a boldogulásért
- Author
-
Divéki, Rita, Farkas, Árpád, and Pereszlényi, Anna
- Published
- 2021
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