1. The utility of olfactory function in distinguishing early-stage Alzheimer's disease from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
- Author
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Sundermann, Erin E, Fields, Adam, Saloner, Rowan, Gouaux, Ben, Bharti, Ajay, Murphy, Claire, and Moore, David J
- Subjects
Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Neurodegenerative ,Neurosciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Dementia ,Aging ,Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) ,Brain Disorders ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Mental Health ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Alzheimer Disease ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Memory ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Alzheimer's disease ,amnestic mild cognitive impairment ,HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders ,HIV ,olfactory function ,smell identification ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Virology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectivesGiven the rising number of older people with HIV (PWH) and the overlap in cognitive dysfunction profiles in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and Alzheimer's disease and its precursor, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), methods are needed to distinguish aMCI/Alzheimer's disease from HAND. As an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease, we examined whether olfactory dysfunction could help to distinguish between aMCI/Alzheimer's disease and HAND among PWH.DesignAn observational cohort study.MethodsEighty-one older (≥50 years) PWH (83% men, 65% white) from the California NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium completed the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT; higher scores = better smell identification) and a comprehensive seven-domain neuropsychological test battery and neuromedical evaluation. HAND was classified via Frascati criteria. High aMCI risk was defined as impairment (>1.0 SD below normative mean) on two of four delayed recall or recognition outcomes (at least one recognition impairment required) from the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised. We examined UPSIT scores in relation to aMCI risk and HAND status, and continuous memory scores considering adjustments for demographics and relevant clinical or HIV disease characteristics.ResultsFifty-seven participants were classified with HAND (70%) and 35 participants were classified as high aMCI risk (43%). UPSIT scores were lower (worse) in the high versus low aMCI risk group [F (1,76) = 10.04, P = 0.002], but did not differ by HAND status [F (1,76) = 0.62, P = 0.43]. UPSIT scores positively correlated with all memory outcomes (Ps
- Published
- 2021