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I. INTRODUCTION 325 II. FACTS AND HOLDING 326 III. BACKGROUND 328 A. Sections 2791 and 2795: Louisiana's Recreational Use Immunity Statutes 328 B. Louisiana Courts Have Historically and Routinely Expanded [...]

Seminoma is the most common single histological sub-type of testicular carcinoma. Patients usually present with a painless lump and stage I disease. We describe a case of an incidental meta-static seminoma in a 28-year-old man post-renal trauma with a dramatically elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG). His βHCG level has returned to normal post-orchidectomy and chemotherapy.

A 58-year-old Caucasian male presented to the urology clinic reporting an approximate one-year history of a persistent irritating, slowly progressive, glans penis redness. Biopsy revealed penile squamous cell carcinoma in situ. He underwent a partial glansectomy with circumcision and skin grafting. At three months follow-up there is no evidence of local disease recurrence. In western countries, primary malignant penile cancer is uncommon, with an incidence of less than 1 per 100,000 males. Squamous cell cancer accounts for more than 95% of cases of penile cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ on the penile mucosa or transitional surfaces is also known as Erythroplasia of Queyrat. In the region, one third of penile squamous cell carcinoma in situ cases progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

The authors report a very rare case of adreno-cortical carcinoma arising in a giant adrenal pseudocyst. A 64-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 6 week history of progressively worsening severe left abdominal pain, anorexia, anergia and constipation. On examination, she was cachectic with tenderness over the left abdomen and flank. Medical history was significant for gastritis and anaemia. During her investigation, a well-defined para-renal 12×6 centimetre multi-loculated cyst, of uncertain origin was identified on CT. Ultrasound-guided biopsy was not diagnostic. MRI showed the cyst to be likely adrenal in origin. Serum and urinary catecholamines were unremarkable. At laparotomy an unresectable large, tense, fixed, cystic mass was seen to occupy the left side of the abdomen. The cyst was de-roofed. Pathology showed a high-grade poorly differentiated adreno-cortical carcinoma with a pseudo-capsule. She died 2 months postoperatively.

Primary localised bladder amyloidosis is a very rare entity, with only 200 cases reported worldwide. Our case illustrates the classical presentation of isolated bladder amyloidosis with frank painless haematuria and irritative voiding symptoms.