40 results on '"Gallello, Gianni"'
Search Results
2. Estudio de las huellas de uso y aplicación de análisis químicos no destructivos sobre un macroútil procedente del yacimiento de Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro (Cullera, València)
- Author
-
Vadillo Conesa, Margarita, primary, Ramacciotti, Mirco, additional, Gallello, Gianni, additional, Jardón Giner, Paula, additional, Soler Mayor, Begoña, additional, Pastor, Agustín, additional, and Aura Tortosa, J. Emili, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. EL PRESTIGIO DE LOS OBJETOS: MANGOS DE MARFIL EN EL MUNDO IBERICO
- Author
-
Mata Parreño, Consuelo, Soria Combadiera, Lucía, Blasco Martín, Marta, Gallello, Gianni, Belarte Franco, Maria Carme, and Pastor García, Agustín
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The casts of Pompeii: Post-depositional methodological insights
- Author
-
Alapont, Llorenç, primary, Gallello, Gianni, additional, Martinón-Torres, Marcos, additional, Osanna, Massimo, additional, Amoretti, Valeria, additional, Chenery, Simon, additional, Ramacciotti, Mirco, additional, Jiménez, José Luis, additional, Morales Rubio, Ángel, additional, Cervera, M. Luisa, additional, and Pastor, Agustín, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Smartphone photos as a non-destructive approach to characterise siliceous artefacts
- Author
-
Ramacciotti, Mirco, primary, Gallello, Gianni, additional, Columbu, Stefano, additional, Fancello, Dario, additional, Diez-Castillo, Agustín, additional, García-Puchol, Oreto, additional, Pastor, Agustín, additional, and Cervera, M. Luisa, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Multi-Analytical Techniques to Define the Mineralogical and Petrophysical Characteristics and Provenance of Siliceous Lithic Findings: The Case Study of La Calvera Rock Shelter (Cantabria, Spain)
- Author
-
Columbu, Stefano, primary, Fancello, Dario, additional, Gallello, Gianni, additional, Ramacciotti, Mirco, additional, and Diez-Castillo, Agustin, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Libro de resúmenes de WIDarq. III Jornadas de Innovación Docente en la Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de València
- Author
-
Real, Cristina, Machause, Sonia, Eixea, Aleix, and Gallello, Gianni
- Subjects
Universidad ,Estrategias didácticas ,Metodologías activas ,Innovación docente - Abstract
Libro de resúmenes deWIDarq.III Jornadas de Innovación Docente. Experiencias docentes en la Facultat de Geografia i Història, de la Universitat de València. Organiza: Proyecto de Innovación Docente METARQ; Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia (Universitat de València); Facultat de Geografia i Història (Universitat de València); SFPIE. REAL, C.; MACHAUSE, S.; EIXEA, A.; GALLELLO, G. (eds.) (2023): Libro de resúmenes de WIDarq. III Jornadas de Innovación Docente en la Facultat de Geografia i Història (30 de junio de 2023, València), Universitat de València.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Roman farmers in eastern Iberia: A spatial, geoarchaeological and bioarchaeological approach to agrarian strategies
- Author
-
Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Grau Mira, Ignasi, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Mario, López Sáez, José Antonio, Portillo, Marta, Gallello, Gianni, Sarabia-Bautista, Julia, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Grau Mira, Ignasi, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Mario, López Sáez, José Antonio, Portillo, Marta, Gallello, Gianni, and Sarabia-Bautista, Julia
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the archaeological data that allows us to characterise the agrarian practices of Roman farmers through the study of cultivated fields. To undertake this research, we designed an analytical strategy combining spatial analysis, microstratigraphic analysis through soil micromorphology and physical-chemical analyses of bulk soil samples, and archaeobotanical analyses including palynology, phytoliths and geochemical analysis. All this has allowed us to obtain data of interest for the reconstruction of agrarian land use and to establish a methodological basis for developing future research. This high-resolution, multiscalar, and multianalytical approach pursues to characterise these archaeological contexts to singularize intensive agricultural practices developed in terraced field. The creation of this Roman peasant landscape is related to a specific models of socioeconomic organisation of agricultural work based on the household and its workforce as a determining vector in agrarian intensification.
- Published
- 2023
9. Las terrazas romanas de Ull de Canals (Banyeres de Mariola, Alacant). Aproximación espacial, geoarqueológica y bioarqueológica a las estrategias agrarias
- Author
-
Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Grau Mira, Ignasi, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Mario, López Sáez, José Antonio, Portillo, Marta, Gallello, Gianni, Sarabia-Bautista, Julia, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Grau Mira, Ignasi, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Mario, López Sáez, José Antonio, Portillo, Marta, Gallello, Gianni, and Sarabia-Bautista, Julia
- Published
- 2023
10. The casts of Pompeii: post-depositional methodological insights
- Author
-
Spekker, Olga, Alapont, Llorenç, Gallello, Gianni, Martinón-Torres, Marcos, Osanna, Massimo, Amoretti, Valeria, Chenery, Simon, Ramacciotti, Mirco, Jiménez, José Luis, Morales Rubio, Ángel, Cervera, M. Luisa, Pastor, Agustín, Spekker, Olga, Alapont, Llorenç, Gallello, Gianni, Martinón-Torres, Marcos, Osanna, Massimo, Amoretti, Valeria, Chenery, Simon, Ramacciotti, Mirco, Jiménez, José Luis, Morales Rubio, Ángel, Cervera, M. Luisa, and Pastor, Agustín
- Abstract
The casts of Pompeii bear witness to the people who died during the Vesuvius 79 AD eruption. However, studies on the cause of death of these victims have not been conclusive. A previous important step is the understanding of the post-depositional processes and the impact of the plaster in bones, two issues that have not been previously evaluated. Here we report on the anthropological and the first chemical data obtained from the study of six casts from Porta Nola area and one from Terme Suburbane. A non-invasive chemical analysis by portable X-ray fluorescence was employed for the first time on these casts of Pompeii to determine the elemental composition of the bones and the plaster. Elemental profiles were determined providing important data that cross-referenced with anthropological and stratigraphic results, are clearly helpful in the reconstruction of the perimortem and post-mortem events concerning the history of these individuals. The comparative analyses carried out on the bone casts and other collections from burned bones of the necropolis of Porta Nola in Pompeii and Rome Sepolcreto Ostiense, and buried bones from Valencia (Spain), reveal the extent of high temperature alteration and post-depositional plaster contamination. These factors make bioarchaeological analyses difficult but still allow us to support asphyxia as the likely cause of death.
- Published
- 2023
11. Las terrazas romanas de Ull de Canals (Banyeres de Mariola, Alacant): Aproximación espacial, geoarqueológica y bioarqueológica a las estrategias agrarias
- Author
-
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Grau Mira, Ignasi, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Mario, López Sáez, José Antonio, Portillo, Marta, Gallello, Gianni, Sarabia-Bautista, Julia, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Grau Mira, Ignasi, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Mario, López Sáez, José Antonio, Portillo, Marta, Gallello, Gianni, and Sarabia-Bautista, Julia
- Published
- 2023
12. Una dinámica multi-proxy para la evaluación teórico-práctica en la asignatura de Prehistoria Universal Antigua del Grado de Historia
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, Eixea, Aleix, Machause, Sonia, Carrión, Yolanda, and Cantó, Ana
- Subjects
Practical Sessions ,Método del caso ,Innovación educativa ,Traditional class ,METARQ ,Clase tradicional ,Prehistory ,Teaching Innovation ,Flipped teaching ,Prehistoria ,Clase inversa ,Prácticas ,Case method - Abstract
[EN] This paper presents a multi-proxy proposal based on crossreferencing different teaching strategies such as traditional class, flipped teaching and the case method in the subject of Ancient Universal Prehistory (second year) in the Degree in History at the University of Valencia whitin the framework of the METARQ Teaching Innovation Project. The learning of theoretical and practical content has been reinforced in a single evaluable activity for the practical part of the course, which consisted of different stages. The results show that 58% of the students participating in the proposed activities, improved their grades in the theoretical-practical contents of the subject. It is, therefore, a proposal with a very positive impact on student learning and performance., [ES] En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta multi-proxy basada en el empleo cruzado de distintas estrategias docentes como la clase tradicional, la clase inversa y el método del caso en la asignatura de Prehistoria Universal Antigua (2º curso-1er cuatrimestre) en el Grado de Historia de la Universitat de València, en el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Docente METARQ. El aprendizaje de contenidos teórico- prácticos se ha reforzado en un única actividad evaluable para la parte práctica de la asignatura y que constaba de diferentes etapas. Los resultados muestran que el desarrollo de actividades evaluables que revisan todos los contenidos teórico-prácticos puede tener un impacto muy positivo sobre el aprendizaje y el rendimiento del estudiantado.
- Published
- 2022
13. Aplicación de smartphone en el análisis colorimétrico de réplicas de pinturas rupestres
- Author
-
Ramaciotti, Mirco, Gallello, Gianni, López Montalvo, Esther, Morales Rubio, Ángel, and Roldán García, Clodoaldo
- Subjects
Pigments ,Smartphones ,Colorimetria ,Pintura rupestre ,Image processing ,Rock paintings ,Ciències de la visió::Òptica física::Color [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Colorimetry ,Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Processament del senyal::Processament de la imatge i del senyal vídeo [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Imatges -- Processament ,Telèfons intel·ligents - Abstract
Este trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar las posibilidades que ofrece el análisis de imagen efectuado sobre soporte fotográfico obtenido con smartphone en la caracterización colorimétrica de los pigmentos utilizados en el arte rupestre prehistórico. Con este fin, se procedió a la elaboración experimental de pigmentos minerales, siguiendo distintas recetas basadas en datos arqueológicos y etnológicos, y se aplicaron sobre una superficie de roca carbonatada similar al soporte donde se localizan las pinturas rupestres holocenas del arco mediterráneo. Cada trazo elaborado con las distintas recetas fue fotografiado con un smartphone en ambiente controlado y analizado con un espectrómetro de fluorescencia de rayos X portátil para evaluar la relación entre los niveles elementales de los pigmentos y los parametros de color obtenidos por análisis de imagen. Los autores agradecen la financiación recibida por la Consellería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de la Generalitat Valenciana para el proyecto Prometeo “Smartphone y Química Analítica Verde” (PROMETEO 2019-056). Gianni Gallello agradece la ayuda Beatriz Galindo (BEAGAL18/00110) financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y el Ministerio de Universidades del Gobierno de España. Esther López- Montalvo agradece la financiación recibida en el marco del proyecto MACOPREH MITI-CNRS (2017- 2019).
- Published
- 2022
14. The Crystallization Effect of Sodium Sulfate on Some Italian Marbles, Calcarenites and Sandstones
- Author
-
Lezzerini, Marco, primary, Tomei, Alessio, additional, Gallello, Gianni, additional, Aquino, Andrea, additional, and Pagnotta, Stefano, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Total vs. Partial Acid Digestion Methods for Trace Element Analysis in Archaeological Sediments
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, primary, Ramacciotti, Mirco, additional, Puchol, Oreto García, additional, Lezzerini, Marco, additional, McClure, Sarah B., additional, and Pastor, Agustín, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Roman farmers in eastern Iberia. Spatial, geoarchaeological and bioarchaeological approach to agrarian strategies.
- Author
-
Grau, Ignasi, Gutiérrez, Mario, Portillo, Marta, López-Sáez, Jose Antonio, Gallello, Gianni, Sarabia, Julia, Grau, Ignasi, Gutiérrez, Mario, Portillo, Marta, López-Sáez, Jose Antonio, Gallello, Gianni, and Sarabia, Julia
- Abstract
Recent Archaeological landscape studies in the Valley of Alcoi (Eastern Iberia) have detected important settlement changes during the 1st c. BC related to Roman territorial organization. Rural settlement of previous Iberian Iron Age was confined to areas close to fortified oppida due to defensive strategies, but Roman pacification and dominion of the region created a context of political stability that allowed an increase of rural sites, with significant occupation of previously empty areas. The resulting rural landscape was composed by small farms connected to small plots of intensive uses, with manuring and terracing as agrarian strategies. This spatial organization characterized the later Roman Imperial Landscape. The aim of this communication is to present the archaeological data that permits the characterization of this landscape of intensive farmers. We present an analytical strategy combining spatial analysis, microstratigraphic analysis by means of soil micromorphology and physical-chemical analyses of bulk soil samples, as well as archaeobotanical analyses including palynology, phytoliths and other calcitic microfossils. This high-resolution, multiscalar, and multianalytical approach pursues to characterize these archaeological contexts to singularize these intensive agricultural practices. The creation of this peasant landscape is related to specifics models of economic and social organization in the Roman period.
- Published
- 2022
17. Effect of Marble Waste Powder as a Binder Replacement on the Mechanical Resistance of Cement Mortars
- Author
-
Lezzerini, Marco, primary, Luti, Letizia, additional, Aquino, Andrea, additional, Gallello, Gianni, additional, and Pagnotta, Stefano, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Mining Exploration, Raw Materials and Production Technologies of Mortars in the Different Civilization Periods in Menorca Island (Spain)
- Author
-
Columbu, Stefano, primary, Depalmas, Anna, additional, Brodu, Giovanni, additional, Gallello, Gianni, additional, and Fancello, Dario, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Respuesta docente frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19: el uso de Blackboard y Flipped Teaching en la asignatura de Metodología Arqueológica
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, Machause López, Sonia, Diez Castillo, Agustin, Gallello, Gianni, Machause López, Sonia, and Diez Castillo, Agustin
- Abstract
[ES] El sistema educativo universitario se basa en gran medida en clases presenciales. Un evento inesperado como la pandemia de la COVID-19, que estalló durante los primeros meses del 2020, llevó a las autoridades a declarar el estado de alerta y a tomar, entre otras medidas, la interrupción de la actividad docente presencial. El profesorado universitario tuvo que adaptar la actividad docente a un sistema, para muchos, novedoso: la docencia en línea. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar los instrumentos y las estrategias empleadas para dar una rápida respuesta a una situación de emergencia. Nuestro caso se centra en la enseñanza de una asignatura de tercer curso del Grado de Historia en la Universitat de València: metodología Arqueológica, adaptada a un sistema de tutorías y clases por e-learning.El empleo de Blackboard Collaborate ha demostrado ser una herramienta muy positiva que complementa el aula virtual simple y potencia la enseñanza y la tutoría en línea, implementada con cuestionarios en Moodle y Kahoot!. Esta plataforma, en colaboración con el modelo pedagógico de aula inversa como modalidad de aprendizaje, ha sido una estrategia motivadora y efectiva para el estudiantado. Esta adaptación ha permitido mantener la trasmisión de los contenidos con resultados de aprendizaje positivos., [EN] The university education system is largely based on face-to-f ace classes. An unexpected event such as the pandemic development of COVID-19 during the first months of 2020, led the authorities to declare a state of alert and, among other measures, the interruption of teaching activity at the university took action. Both professors and students have suddenly adapted the teaching activity to an online mode. The aim of this paper is to show the instruments and strategies used to give a quick response to a sanitary emergency in the teaching of Archaeological Methodology (degree of History at the University of Valencia), adapting tutoring and classes to the e-learning tools. The use of the Blackboard Collaborate platform as a simple and robust virtual classroom solution to enhance online teaching and tutoring, coupled with the Flipped Teaching pedagogical model as a learning modality, implemented with both Moodle and Kahoot questionnaires, has worked as a motivating and effective strategy to the students. Finally, the methods adopted has led to keep the transmission of contents high, with positive results reflected in the passing of the assessment by the students.
- Published
- 2021
20. El método del caso como herramienta de aprendizaje activo en arqueología
- Author
-
Machause López, Sonia, Gallello, Gianni, Quixal Santos, David, Diez Castillo, Agustín, Mata Parreño, Consuelo, Fumadó Ortega, Iván, Machause López, Sonia, Gallello, Gianni, Quixal Santos, David, Diez Castillo, Agustín, Mata Parreño, Consuelo, and Fumadó Ortega, Iván
- Abstract
[EN] The case study, like other methodologies that enhance the active participation of the students, greatly favours the teaching-learning process. Here we present the design, application and results of the cases implemented in two Archaeology subjects (History Degree, University of Valencia). Within the framework of a Teaching Innovation Project (METARQ), we have implemented, in six different groups, two cases related to two subjects: Archaeological Methodology (3rd year-2nd semester, three groups) and Mediterranean Archaeology (4th year-1st semester, three groups). Both the learning results and the general opinion of the students were very positive. In addition, the application of this powerful teaching tool in different semesters and diverse and changing modalities (face-to-face, online, and blended learning) have allowed us to improve and adapt the tool to the detected needs., [ES] El estudio de casos, como otras metodologías que potencian la participación activa del estudiantado, favorece en gran medida el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Presentamos aquí el diseño, la aplicación y los resultados de los casos aplicados en dos asignaturas de Arqueología en el Grado de Historia de la Universitat de València. En el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Docente METARQ, se han puesto en práctica en seis grupos distintos: Metodología Arqueológica (3er curso-2º cuatrimestre, tres grupos) y Arqueología del Mediterráneo (4º curso-1er cuatrimestre, tres grupos). Tanto los resultados de aprendizaje, como la opinión general del estudiantado fueron muy positivos. Además, la aplicación de esta potente herramienta docente en cuatrimestres distintos y modalidades diversas y cambiantes (presencial, online y semipresencial) nos permitió mejorar y adaptar la herramienta a las necesidades detectadas.
- Published
- 2021
21. Una pequeña lámina de plomo con inscripción ibérica de paleografía arcaica del Pico de los Ajos (Yátova, València)
- Author
-
Ferrer i Jané, Joan, Velaza Frías, Javier, Quixal Santos, David, Serrano Castellano, Ana, Mata Parreño, Consuelo, Pasíes Oviedo, Trinidad, Gallello, Gianni, Ferrer i Jané, Joan, Velaza Frías, Javier, Quixal Santos, David, Serrano Castellano, Ana, Mata Parreño, Consuelo, Pasíes Oviedo, Trinidad, and Gallello, Gianni
- Abstract
En este trabajo editamos una pequeña lámina de plomo hallada en el Pico de los Ajos (Yátova) en la campaña de 2018. La lámina apareció plegada y contiene una inscripción ibérica de una sola línea en cada cara que muy probablemente configure un solo texto completo. Sus características formales son poco comunes, siendo el paralelo más cercano el de las láminas votivas de El Amarejo. La presencia del elemento kutuŕ, frecuente en las inscripciones votivas rupestres, también apuntaría a una interpretación religiosa. Desde el punto de vista paleográfico, cabe señalar que se trata de un texto explícitamente dual, ya que conviven en él las dos variantes de te y ŕ. A pesar de que el contexto arqueológico de su amortización tiene una cronología de finales del s. II a. C. o principios del s. I a. C., este nuevo plomo presenta una paleografía arcaica, quizás incluso del s. IV a. C. Esto se explicaría bien por el hecho de aparecer en un edificio dedicado al reciclaje de objetos metálicos, siendo en ese momento la lámina sólo un objeto metálico más, fuera de su contexto original.; In this paper we edit a small sheet of lead found in the iberian site of Pico de los ajos (Yátova) in the 2018 campaign. the sheet appeared folded and it contains an iberian inscription of one line on each side that most likely forms a single full text. its formal characteristics are uncommon, the closest parallel being the votive lead sheets of the site of el amarejo. the presence of the kutuŕ element, frequent in rock votive inscriptions, would also invite to a religious interpretation. From the palaeographic point of view, it should be noted that this is an explicitly dual text, due to the convivence of the two variants of the signs te and ŕ. although the archaeological context of its amortization has a chronology of the end of the 2nd century BC or early 1st century BC, this new lead sheet presents an archaic palaeography, perhaps even from the 4th century BC. this would be well explained because th
- Published
- 2021
22. Analysis of stratigraphical sequences at Cocina Cave (Spain) using rare earth elements geochemistry
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, Ramacciotti, Mirco, García‐Puchol, Oreto, Chenery, Simon, Cortell‐Nicolau, Alfredo, Cervera, MARíA Luisa, Diez‐Castillo, Agustin, Pastor, Agustín, McClure, Sarah B., Gallello, Gianni, Ramacciotti, Mirco, García‐Puchol, Oreto, Chenery, Simon, Cortell‐Nicolau, Alfredo, Cervera, MARíA Luisa, Diez‐Castillo, Agustin, Pastor, Agustín, and McClure, Sarah B.
- Abstract
This study investigates the stratigraphical sequence of Cocina Cave (Spain) employing and testing for the first time the capability of rare earth elements as markers of human activities in caves. Located in Dos Aguas (Valencian Community, Spain), Cocina Cave is characterized by the presence of several Holocene archaeological deposits from the final Mesolithic to the present day and is a pivotal site for understanding the socio‐ecological dynamics of the last hunter‐gatherer inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and the transition to pastoral and agricultural economies in the Western Mediterranean. However, the identification of strata from particular time‐periods in the cave is often difficult due to the homogeneity of layers, the poor archaeological record in some strata and the presence of severe disturbance phenomena. The methodological approach of this study consisted of cross‐referencing rare earth elements and other chemical markers with the archaeological stratigraphical interpretation, in an attempt to not only support the identification of the anthropic contribution to the formation of Cocina Cave strata, but also to characterize and confirm different natural and occupational episodes, particularly those associated with hunter‐gatherer, early agriculturalist, and shepherd activities. Sediments were collected from different excavation areas and analysed for major elements, trace elements, rare earth elements (REE), soil organic matter (SOM) amounts and pH. Multivariate statistics were employed to group samples according to their elemental profile, and these were then compared to the archaeological temporal interpretation. The obtained results showed that REE amount and fractionation geochemical processes were regulated by carbonates, phosphates and pH. The use of REE as markers was particularly useful as their concentrations and their calculated ratios and anomaly distributions were demonstrated to be highly consistent with the archaeological stratigraphical
- Published
- 2021
23. Ceramic productions and human interactions during the Early Bronze Age in northern Iberia
- Author
-
European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Vega Maeso, Cristina, Gallello, Gianni, Palmero, Susana, Ferrari, Begoña, Sánchez Carro, Miguel A., González Morales, Manuel R., Gutiérrez Zugasti, Fernando Igor, Ramacciotti, Mirco, Pastor, Agustín, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Vega Maeso, Cristina, Gallello, Gianni, Palmero, Susana, Ferrari, Begoña, Sánchez Carro, Miguel A., González Morales, Manuel R., Gutiérrez Zugasti, Fernando Igor, Ramacciotti, Mirco, and Pastor, Agustín
- Abstract
The Early Bronze Age ceramic collection found into the caves of La Llana and El Toral III in Asturias (Spain) presents common decoration such as that found in the centre of Cantabrian Spain from the same period, which resembles others found in the Ebro Valley and Atlantic Europe. Therefore, the main objective of this study it is to identify the raw material origin and understand the pottery production process during the Early Bronze Age in the Cantabrian region. A methodological approach based on the chemical and mineralogical analysis of vessels and experimentally fired clay samples collected all over the centre of this region was developed. Furthermore, the post-depositional processes affecting the sherds’ composition was evaluated by employing the rare earth elements as markers. The results showed that the studied assemblage has important similarities with the raw materials of the surrounding area, which supports the hypothesis of a regional mobility.
- Published
- 2020
24. The capability of rare earth elements geochemistry to interpret complex archaeological stratigraphy
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, Ferro-Vázquez, Cruz, Chenery, Simon, Lang, Carol, Thornton-Barnett, Senna, Kabora, Tabitha, Hodson, Mark E., Stump, Daryl, Gallello, Gianni, Ferro-Vázquez, Cruz, Chenery, Simon, Lang, Carol, Thornton-Barnett, Senna, Kabora, Tabitha, Hodson, Mark E., and Stump, Daryl
- Abstract
In this study rare earth elements (REE) signatures (REE ratios, cerium and europium anomalies) are applied to a complex soil stratigraphic sequence from the site of Konso, Ethiopia, with the aim of determining whether REE can distinguish the strata observed in the field. Forty soil samples were taken from a depositional sequence that includes overlapping human induced and ‘natural’ erosional and depositional processes. The samples were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine trace elements and REE, with concentrations of major elements determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Cluster Analyses (CA) were used to observe differences between strata. The mechanisms that influenced REE values and fractionations were related to OM accumulation, pyrogenic SOM, redox and secondary CaCO3 precipitation, suggesting the addition of proxies to the REE, Sc and Y data processing. This produced a clustering of samples that more accurately reflected the stratigraphic field observations. It is expected that this approach, combining the analysis of REE concentrations with an understanding of the mechanisms driving them in a given site or profile, will be replicable for other stratigraphic sequences. The results demonstrate that REE signatures are not just able to detect stratigraphic differences defined through field observations but also highlight variations within the same deposits. REE analysis could therefore become a powerful geoarchaeological tool, even for studies of complex stratigraphies.
- Published
- 2019
25. Mineralogical, petrographic and physical-mechanical study of Roman construction materials from the Maritime Theatre of Hadrian's Villa (Rome, Italy)
- Author
-
Columbu, Stefano, Lisci, Carla, Sitzia, Fabio, Lorenzetti, Giulia, Lezzerini, Marco, Pagnotta, Stefano, Raneri, Simona, Legnaioli, Stefano, Palleschi, Vincenzo, Gallello, Gianni, and Adembri, Benedetta
- Abstract
This paper presents the study of various Roman materials used in the construction of the Maritime Theatre, one of the main buildings in the Hadrian’s Villa complex, a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Tivoli (Rome, Italy), dating to the first half of the II century A.D. The plaster layers (arriccio and intonachino) and overlying original Roman paintings that form the concave wall of the portico as well as some bedding mortars of the pyramidal stone elements (i.e. cubilia) of the circular masonry have been studied in particular. In addition, the acid volcanic rocks of the cubilia have been investigated, aiming to understand their state of alteration and geological origin. By mineralogical-petrographic microscopy (OM), diffractometry (XRPD), Raman spectroscopy, Point Load Tests (PLT), helium pycnometry, and particle size analysis, the composition and granulometric distribution of the aggregate, type and characteristics of the binder, and various physical-mechanical properties (density, porosity, water absorption, imbibition and saturation indices, mechanical resistance) of mortars and stones were defined. In addition, through digital image analysis of thin sections, the binder/aggregate ratio and some geometric characteristics of the aggregates (e.g. circularity) were determined. The research aims to improve the knowledge of the constructive technologies of the Maritime Theatre through the analysis of its materials.
- Published
- 2018
26. Fast quantitative elemental mapping of highly inhomogeneous materials by micro-Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
- Author
-
Pagnotta, Stefano, Lezzerini, Marco, Campanella, Beatrice, Gallello, Gianni, Grifoni, Emanuela, Legnaioli, Stefano, Lorenzetti, Giulia, Poggialini, Francesco, Raneri, Simona, Safi, Ali, and Palleschi, Vincenzo
- Abstract
In this work, a fast method for obtaining a quantitative elemental mapping of highly inhomogeneous samples by µ-LIBS maps is proposed. The method, transportable and cheap, allows the analysis of large maps through the use of a Self-Organizing Map clustering method coupled to Calibration-Free LIBS for quantification of cluster prototypes. The method proposed has been verified on heterogeneous materials such historical lime mortars but it can be easily applied to a larger class of inhomogeneous materials for very different applications (modern building materials, biological samples, industrial materials, etc.).
- Published
- 2018
27. Tierras raras para reconstruir el mundo antiguo
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni
- Subjects
archeology ,analytical chemistry ,chemistry ,rare-earth elements ,archeochemistry - Abstract
Presentacion en las I JDJI realizada por Gianni Gallello cuyo titulo es:Tierras raras para reconstruir el mundo antiguo
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Chemical characterisation of cherts from the valley of Serpis river (Alcoy, Alicante) for archaeological purpose
- Author
-
Ramacciotti, Mirco, Gallello, Gianni, Pastor, Agustin, and García Puchol, Oreto
- Abstract
Mobility range and territorial control are central questions for Archaeology in the study of human groups’ life during Prehistoric Ages. A key point to get to grips with this set of problems is to understand the dynamics of supply of natural resources such as food and raw materials. Thus, the identification of the outcrops of chert and their characterisation is essential, due to the use of this particular rock as raw material for the production of several different tools. Since the nakedeye description of stone characters (colour, translucency, presence of carbonatation or patina, etc.) often lacks to identify different outcrops and to determine the provenance of a sample, in the last decades, scientists have tried to develop methods to improve the characterisation of this rock from the chemical, mineralogical and petrographic point of view [1,2]. This contribution shows the study of some chert varieties which were widely used since the Paleolithic by the inhabitants of the valley of Serpis river [3], in the southern part of the Valencian Community. Forty-three samples of Serrat, Mariola and Serreta chert were collected from different kinds of outcrops: from the wall rock, and from fluvial and colluvial deposits. The cortex or crust and the nucleus of each sample were mechanically separated and individually analysed to control the variability caused by the amount of cortex and consequently to develop a methodological approach that permits to identify different chert sources in a restricted area. For this purpose, Xray fluorescence and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses have been carried out to determine major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements [4] of cherts affected by different depositional and post-depositional conditions. [1] Luedtke, An Archaeologist's Guide to Chert and Flint (1992) 172. [2] Skarpelis et al., J. Archaeolog. Sci.: Rep. 12 (2017) 819. [3] Molina Hernández, El sílex del Prebético y cuencas neógenas en Alicante y sur de Valencia :su caracterización y estudio aplicado al Paleolítico Medio, tesis doctoral (2015) 902. [4] Murray, Sediment. Geol. 90 (1994) 213.
- Published
- 2017
29. Análisis químicos no destructivos sobre cinco mangos de marfil de Época Ibérica
- Author
-
Blasco Martin, Marta, Mata Perreño, Consuelo, Soria Combadiera, Lucia, Gallello, Gianni, Pastor, Agustin, and Collado Mataix, Eva
- Abstract
Presentamos los análisis químicos realizados sobre un conjunto de cinco mangos de marfil época ibérica (s. VI – s. I a. C.). Son objetos con características técnicas, formales y decorativas muy similares entre sí, lo que que permite plantear una relación entre ellos en su proceso de producción. Sin embargo, fueron recuperados en cuatro yacimientos diferentes del área ibérica: los poblados de Turó de Montgròs (El Brull, Barcelona) y La Serreta (Alcoi, Alicante) y las necrópolis de El Cigarralejo (Mula, Murcia) y Coimbra del Barranco Ancho (Jumilla, Murcia), en esta última, se recuperaron dos de ellos. Todas las piezas, por sus contextos arqueológicos se datan entre el s. IV y principios del s. II a. C. Los análisis se llevaron a cabo con el objetivo de identificar la naturaleza y procedencia de las incrustaciones de carácter decorativo y la sustancia adherente todavía presentes en estos mangos. Si bien, en algunos de ellos, debido a su deteriorado estado de conservación, únicamente quedaban las improntas de las incrustaciones y no había restos aparentes de la sustancia de tono gris-negro que, presumiblemente, serviría para adherir las incrustaciones. Las piezas mejor conservadas son las recuperadas en lugares de hábitat. Los estudios se han realizado mediante técnicas no destructivas que no comprometiesen la integridad de las piezas. Así, se llevaron a cabo análisis por Fluorescencia de Rayos X (XRF), y por Espectrofotometría de Infrarrojo Cercano por Transformada de Fourier (FT-NIR). Todo ello se complementó mediante la revisión de los mangos con un microscopio electrónico de barrido equipado con un Sistema de Rayos X de Energía Dispersiva (SEM-EDAX-Sapphire), un microscopio óptico SMZ (NIKON) y un microscopio digital Dino-lite mod. AM7115MZT EDGE de 10x a 200x con una luz incidente por medio de un iluminador de fibra óptica y dotado de un software con funciones de medición integrales, para obtener imágenes de alta precisión. El análisis de XRF ha permitido identificar como estaño la sustancia empleada para adherir las incrustaciones decorativas en la pieza, empleando una técnica de tipo soldadura blanda. El FTNIR, por su parte, ha revelado que dichas incrustaciones fueron realizadas sobre resinas fósiles, muy probablemente ámbar. Estos resultados resultan totalmente novedosos dentro del mundo artesanal de época ibérica y, por tanto, de gran interés, evidenciando el valor de estas piezas en las que materias primas de presencia escasa en el mundo ibérico como son el marfil y el ámbar aparecen combinadas; así como el uso del estaño a modo de soldadura blanda nos revela procesos de manufactura no atestiguados hasta el momento en las industrias sobre materias duras de origen animal de la Edad del Hierro en la Península Ibérica. Cabe destacar que la realización de análisis químicos sobre piezas arqueológicas aporta datos específicos, prácticamente imposibles de obtener en un estudio macro o microscópico de los artefactos. Por ello, desde el proyecto proyecto “Madera, hueso, marfil, asta, concha ¿Artesanías marginales o marginadas?” (HAR2013-45770-P y ACOMP/2015/256) (financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y la Generalitat Valenciana) dirigido por la Dra. Consuelo Mata, se ha apostado por desarrollar estudios interdisciplinares, que impliquen el contacto y la comunicación entre distintos especialistas con la finalidad de conseguir resultados más sólidos y transversales.
- Published
- 2017
30. Rare Earth Elements to identify archaeological strata in the Cocina Cave
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, Ramacciotti, Mirco, Pastor, Agustin, García Puchol, Oreto, Diez, Agustin, McClure, Sarah B, and Juan Cabanilles, Joaquim
- Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) have been employed in a variety of different scenarios in order to identify the natural or anthropogenic nature of archaeological soils [1,2] . In this study, REE signatures were employed to better understand the layers formation in a cavity called Cocina cave, a large cavity of 300 m2 located at Barranco de la Ventana, one of the ravines flowing southwards from La Canal valley, a little plateau located in the municipality of Dos Aguas (Valencia, Spain). Cocina cave is characterized of very homogenous sediment deposition where it is difficult to understand layers formation processes just employing the traditional archaeological methods and the standardized soil analyses. The archaeological sequence encompasses last hunter-gatherer Holocene occupations in the regional sequence (Mesolithic) followed by several levels attributed to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and historic occupations until the XX century, these last regarding the use of the cavity as a pen. In order to understand the development history of the strata and the anthropogenic or natural formation of soils a total of fifty samples were taken across six different sections (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) and from each section the sampling was carried out at different depths through 1-2m deep sections. All samples were recovered from current pits excavated at the cavity corresponding with some profiles that encompass different strata including natural deposits and hunter and penning activities together with other possible uses not well defined from archaeological data. Several radiocarbon dates confirm the anthropogenic use of the cavity from the IX millennium cal BP to the contemporary times. Major, minor and trace elements including REE were determined employing XRF and ICP- MS. Results were then statistically processed and cross-referenced with archaeological data to aid interpretation. The results show that REE provide interesting details regarding the strata development history, and therefore help archaeologists to better understand the occupation, use and abandonment phases of the cave. [1] Pastor et al., TrAC 78 (2016) 48. [2] Gallello et al., JAS 40 (2013) 799.
- Published
- 2017
31. Testing a new methodological approach to define the use of dolerite outcrops for prehistoric tool production in Mediterranean Iberia
- Author
-
Orozco KÖHLER, Teresa, Gallello, Gianni, Pereira, Telmo, Terradas, Xavier, and Bicho, Nuno
- Abstract
A methodology based on the determination of mineral analysis has been developed to identify the origin of dolerite stone outcrops that were collected to fabricate lithic objects during Late Prehistory. Rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was also employed for the analysis of major elements. Samples from different natural outcrops and archaeological sites located in the Mediterranean area of Spain were studied to test the proposed methodological approach. The employed REE/PAAS ratios allow us to establish geochemical differences between dolerites collected from different areas in this geographical framework.
- Published
- 2017
32. Chemical characterisation of historic mortars to evaluate decay and construction phases
- Author
-
Ramacciotti, Mirco, Rubio, Sonia, Gallello, Gianni, Pastor, Agustin, Hernandez, Emilia, Morales, Angel, Lezzerini, Marco, Flors, Carla, and de la Guardia, Miguel
- Abstract
The chemical characterization of ancient mortars allowed the researchers to answer relevant questions about production technologies, raw materials supply, construction phases and state of decay. In this work one hundred and sixteen samples were collected from different structures during two archaeological excavations carried out in Sagunto’s city centre (Valencia, Spain). The studied area has been interested by several continuous phases of occupation since the Iberian Epoch (5th century BC) to the present times [1,2]. The samples were analysed employing X-ray fluorescence and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine major and trace elements. The obtained data was statistically processed with Sagunto’s Castle mortar results [3], allowing us to identify the construction phases of most of the wall structures, confirming the particular effectiveness of Rare Earth Elements analysis to distinguish mortars from different periods. In conclusion, according to this data, the state of conservation of the different mortars has been evaluated. [1] Ripollés, Opulentissima Saguntum (2004) 165. [2] Monserrat, Arse 41 (2007) 231. [3] Gallello et al., Microchem. J. 132 (2017) 251.
- Published
- 2017
33. Assessing the territorial influence of an Iberian worship site. The chemical characterisation of the terracotta from the Iron Age sanctuary of La Serreta
- Author
-
Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Grau Mira, Ignasi, Gallello, Gianni, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Grau Mira, Ignasi, and Gallello, Gianni
- Abstract
This paper presents the study of the prestigious terracotta votive figurines from the Iberian Iron Age sanctuary of La Serreta (Alicante province, Spain) composed of 174 items. Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) was used to identify elemental markers that permit us to observe the differences between local and non-local terracotta figurines and furthermore to evaluate the geographical influence of the La Serreta sanctuary using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) statistical method was also used to classify the figurines of uncertain geographical origin. The resulting groups were related to typological and stylistic groups of figurines and the distribution in different sites in the region.
- Published
- 2017
34. Western mediterranean archaeology: chemical element levels in archaeological materials as a methodological tool
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, Bernabeu, Joan, 1954, Pastor García, Agustín, Diez Castillo, Agustín, and Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia
- Subjects
sedimentos ,época tardorromana ,UNESCO::QUÍMICA ,química analítica ,CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO [UNESCO] ,cremación ,icp-oes ,QUÍMICA [UNESCO] ,CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA [UNESCO] ,época ibérica ,elementos traza ,UNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO::Otras especialidades de la tierra, espacio o entorno ,UNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA ,UNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO ,elementos mayoritarios ,restos óseos ,CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO::Otras especialidades de la tierra, espacio o entorno [UNESCO] ,bioarqueología ,metales pesados ,arqueometría ,paleodieta ,geoquímica ,inhumación ,icp-ms ,analizador de mercurio ,proceso tafonómico ,arqueología forense ,estadística multivariante ,diagénesis ,hg-afs ,tierras raras ,necrópolis - Abstract
Una línea de desarrollo de las investigaciones arqueométricas, objeto de nuestro estudio, que presenta un amplia gama de potenciales aplicaciones metodológicas, al día de hoy conocidas solo en parte, es el análisis de los elementos químicos metálicos y no metálicos, ya sean los elementos mayoritarios, los elementos trazas y, más recientemente, los conocidos como “tierras raras” (por su nombre en inglés, Rare Earth Elements - REEs), que se han revelado útiles en nuestro estudio para la solución de algunos problemas arqueológicos. La posibilidad de poder actuar de forma sistemática, ha ayudado, por un lado, a conocer y desarrollar el potencial de estos elementos y, por otro, ha servido de soporte para ofrecer la solución de problemas metodológicos en un conjunto de materiales arqueológicos muy heterogéneos, que contemplan en primer lugar el análisis de restos óseos procedentes tanto de cremaciones, como de inhumaciones, y con menor alcance los análisis de sedimentos arqueológicos y también tejidos humanos momificados y material asociado al contexto de sepultura como la madera de los ataúdes y los tejidos de las vestimentas. El objetivo general de este proyecto es investigar las potencialidades de los elementos metálicos y no metálicos a través del análisis de diferentes materiales arqueológicos, para concretar una serie de propuestas metodológicas experimentales aplicadas de manera específica teniendo en cuenta el material y el contexto arqueológico tratados. Al mismo tiempo, se propone una metodología analítica reproducible y precisa en los resultados que permitirá obtener un análisis estadístico significativo y fiable. Los objetivos específicos consisten en: Definir una estrategia para una correcta selección de muestras de huesos quemados e inhumados a través de la identificación de su perfil elemental por medio del análisis químico de tierras raras (REEs) elementos traza y elementos mayoritarios, desarrollando un método basado en el empleo de herramientas estadísticas para el control de los factores diagéneticos y un modelo de clasificación multivariante para la identificación de muestras de hueso con un perfil elemental biológico mejor conservado y así abordar estudios biológicos o de paleodieta, excluyendo las conclusiones erróneas inducidas por los factores diagéneticos. A raíz de la metodología desarrollada para el estudio de los huesos se han desarrollado ensayos metodológicos en diferentes materiales. Con el análisis de restos arqueológico-forenses se intenta concretar una estrategia para una correcta interpretación de los resultados de metales pesados (arsénico -As-, mercurio- Hg- y plomo-Pb-) en huesos y tejido humano momificado, desarrollando un método basado en la selección de muestras para el control de los factores diagenéticos y la identificación de muestras con valores de As, Hg y Pb antemortem mejor conservados, para así poder abordar estudios de arqueología-forense de casos de envenenamiento excluyendo conclusiones erróneas inducidas por procesos postmortem. Las técnicas empleadas están basadas en la espectrometría atómica. Principalmente se han muestreado huesos inhumados, quemados y suelos, y también tejidos humanos momificados, maderas y tejidos textiles, aunque estos últimos tres materiales están presentes en un número inferior de muestras. Se han utilizado técnicas de muestreo diferentes dependiendo del tipo de material y su estado de conservación. This dissertation has developed new methodological skills applied to archaeometry using Rare Earth Elements (REEs), major and trace elements analysis. The study of these chemical elements has revealed their potentiality, useful to solve different archaeological problems. A large number of samples have been collected (522) and around 1600 samples have been analyzed taking into account the dilutions and the different instruments employed. The capability to act consistently has helped to understand the behaviour of the elements and has provide the support to present new methodological proposals for a set of very heterogeneous and diachronic archaeological materials such as skeletal remains from inhumations, cremations and also sediments, mummified human tissues, wood and textiles.
- Published
- 2014
35. Variación química intrasquelética relacionada a la diagénesis en los restos óseos de c/En Gil (Valencia)
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, primary, Scopa, Silvia, additional, Kuligowski, Julia, additional, Bartoli, Fulvio, additional, Malegni, Francesco, additional, and Pastor, Agustín, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Niveles de plomo en los individuos de la necrópolis tardorromana de la c/ Virgen de la Misericordia (Valencia)
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, primary, Larini, Alessia, additional, Bartoli, Fulvio, additional, Mallegni, Francesco, additional, Díaz Pastor, Agustín, additional, and Diez Castillo, Agustín, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Aspectos arqueométricos en restos óseos. Ensayo metodológico
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni
- Published
- 2010
38. Lanthanides Revealing Anthropogenic Impact within a Stratigraphic Sequence
- Author
-
Gallello, Gianni, primary, Pastor, Agustín, additional, Diez, Agustín, additional, and Bernabeu, Joan, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Characterisation and Provenance of Archaeological Lithic Materials by Chemical Methods
- Author
-
Ramacciotti, Mirco, García Puchol, Oreto, Pastor García, Agustín, Gallello, Gianni, and Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia
- Subjects
procedencia ,ciencia arqueológica ,arqueología ,arqueometría ,materia prima ,UNESCO::HISTORIA::Ciencias auxiliares de la historia::Arqueología ,HISTORIA::Ciencias auxiliares de la historia::Arqueología [UNESCO] ,elementos de las tierras raras - Abstract
Esta tesis doctoral se ha realizado mediante un compendio de cinco trabajos publicados en revistas internacionales indexadas que incluyen los estudios arqueométricos de caracterización química llevados a cabo sobre los materiales arqueológicos de tipo lítico siguientes: las materias primas silíceas de la Comunidad Valenciana y los artefactos en sílex de la Cueva de la Cocina (Dos Aguas, Valencia), los materiales de construcción de la antigua ciudad de Sagunto y de su Castillo (morteros y sillares de roca carbonatada), y las ánforas conservadas en el Museo Arqueológico de Sagunto. En todos los estudios hemos desarrollado y optimizado enfoques basados en la caracterización de los materiales a través de los métodos propios de la química empleando sobre todo técnicas de espectroscopía atómica y molecular. En particular, tienen un papel central el análisis multielemental y los elementos de las tierras raras como marcadores de procedencia. La introducción a los trabajos se desarrolla en tres apartados. En el primero se expone un cuadro general de la ciencia arqueológica, indicando como nuestra investigación se inserta en la disciplina y explicando los principios de las técnicas analíticas y estadísticas empleadas. El segundo ofrece una rápida revisión sobre la utilización de enfoques arqueométricos para estudiar los diferentes materiales analizados en los artículos, además de ilustrar las problemáticas planteadas y las razones detrás del muestreo, así como la elección de determinados protocolos analíticos, con una reflexión sobre la calidad de los datos resultado del análisis multielemental. El tercer capítulo resume los resultados y las conclusiones de los trabajos, y propone posibles direcciones para investigaciones futuras. Finalmente, los cinco artículos están incluidos en los anexos. This doctoral thesis has been realised by the collection of five works published in international indexed journals which include archaeometric studies of chemical characterisation carried out on the following archaeological lithic materials: the siliceous raw materials of the Valencian Community and the chert artefacts of Cueva de la Cocina (Dos Aguas, Valencia), the building materials of the ancient city of Sagunto and of its Castle (mortars and carbonate rock ashlars), and the amphorae conserved in the Archaeological Museum of Sagunto. In each study we have developed and optimised approaches based on the characterisation of the materials by the methods of Chemistry especially using atomic and molecular spectroscopy techniques. In particular, a central role was held by multielement analysis and rare earth elements as provenance markers. The introduction to the works was developed in three sections. In the first one, we have shown the general framework of Archaeological Science, evidencing how our research places itself in the discipline and explaining the fundamentals of the used analytical and statistics techniques. The second chapter shows a short review on the use of archaeometric approaches for the study on the different materials analysed in the papers, displaying the considered issues and the reasons beyond the sampling, as well as the selection of certain analytical protocols, with a reflection on the quality of the data obtained by multielement analysis. The third chapter resumes the results and the conclusions of the works, and proposes possible direction of future reasearches. Finally, the five papers are included in the annexes.
- Published
- 2022
40. Poisoning histories in the Italian renaissance: The case of Pico Della Mirandola and Angelo Poliziano
- Author
-
Giorgio Gruppioni, Lucio Calcagnile, Massimo Andretta, Stefano Benazzi, Patrizia Serventi, Alberto Marino, Fulvio Bartoli, Agustín Pastor, Gianni Gallello, Miguel de la Guardia, Elisabetta Cilli, Gallello, Gianni, Cilli, Elisabetta, Bartoli, Fulvio, Andretta, Massimo, Calcagnile, Lucio, Pastor, Agustin, de la Guardia, Miguel, Serventi, Patrizia, Marino, Alberto, Benazzi, Stefano, and Gruppioni, Giorgio
- Subjects
Radiocarbon dating ,Chronic exposure ,Macroscopic examination ,Male ,History ,Italian Renaissance ,Ancient history ,Bone and Bones ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Arsenic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Forensic Toxicology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arsenic Poisoning ,Angelo Poliziano ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,Carbon Radioisotopes ,DNA, Ancient ,History, 15th Century ,Microscopy ,Ancient DNA ,060102 archaeology ,Spectrum Analysis ,Heavy metals ,06 humanities and the arts ,General Medicine ,Environmental Exposure ,Mummies ,Pico della Mirandola ,Italy ,Girolamo benivieni ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Law - Abstract
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and Angelo Poliziano were two of the most important humanists of the Italian Renaissance. They died suddenly in 1494 and their deaths have been for centuries a subject of debate. The exhumation of their remains offered the opportunity to study the cause of their death through a multidisciplinary research project. Anthropological analyses, together with documentary evidences, radiocarbon dating and ancient DNA analysis supported the identification of the remains attributed to Pico. Macroscopic examination did not reveal paleopathological lesions or signs related to syphilis. Heavy metals analysis, carried out on bones and mummified tissues, showed that in Pico's remains there were potentially lethal levels of arsenic, supporting the philosopher's poisoning theory reported by documentary sources. The arsenic concentrations obtained from analysis of Poliziano's remains, are probably more related to an As chronic exposure or diagenetic processes rather than poisoning.
- Published
- 2017
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.