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Aiming at the problem of poor indoor thermal environment and poor human comfort in temporary office-prefab house. We used the Airpak simulation software is used to simulate the temporary office-prefab house and the office of a conventional building in a construction site in Xi'an, and analyzed the simulation results of the temperature field, velocity field, PMV and PPD. According to the results, the average temperature of the temperature field of the prefabricated house in summer is about 30 ℃, the average value of the PMV field is greater than 1, and the average value of the PPD field is 40%. The average velocity field is less than 0.3 m/s and roughly the same. According to the human comfort index, the temperature of the prefabricated house in summer is greater than the human comfort temperature, and the PMV value and PPD value have a great relationship with the temperature, so their values are also beyond the human comfort range, and the indoor thermal environment of the prefabricated house is poor.

Propagation properties represent a critical aspect of laser beams utilized in free space optical (FSO) communications. We examined the evolution characteristics of the electric field associated with partially coherent flat-topped beam rectangular arrays propagating bidirectionally through the turbulent atmosphere and plasma links. Utilizing the optical transmission matrix, alongside the second moment theory and Wigner distribution functions, we derived analytical expressions for both the intensity distribution and propagation factors of the partially coherent flat-topped beam rectangular arrays affected by the atmospheric turbulence and plasma disturbances. The numerical results indicate that appropriately selecting parameters such as beam order, transverse spatial coherence width, and beam width can effectively mitigate the adverse effects on propagation properties caused by the turbulent atmosphere and plasma. Our results have significant implications for FSO communications within specific environmental contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in leukocyte populations may confound the disease-associated miRNA signals in the blood of cancer patients. We aimed to develop a method to detect differentially expressed miRNAs from lung cancer whole blood samples that are not influenced by variations in leukocyte proportions. The Ref-miREO method identifies differential miRNAs unaffected by changes in leukocyte populations by comparing the within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of miRNAs from healthy leukocyte subtypes and those from lung cancer blood samples. Over 77% of the differential miRNAs observed between lung cancer and healthy blood samples overlapped with those between myeloid-derived and lymphoid-derived leukocytes, suggesting the potential impact of changes in leukocyte populations on miRNA profile. Ref-miREO identified 16 differential miRNAs that target 19 lung adenocarcinoma-related genes previously linked to leukocytes. These miRNAs showed enrichment in cancer-related pathways and demonstrated high potential as diagnostic biomarkers, with the LASSO regression models effectively distinguishing between healthy and lung cancer blood or serum samples (all AUC > 0.85). Additionally, 12 of these miRNAs exhibited significant prognostic correlations. The Ref-miREO method offers valuable candidates for circulating biomarker detection in cancer that are not affected by changes in leukocyte populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submarine pipelines are the main transport carriers of marine resources. In order to protect these pipelines, geotextile and stone covering measures are adopted in this paper and the protective effect is studied. A sequence of physical model tests was conducted to carry out the research. The hydrodynamic characteristics and seabed oscillation response of the seabed surrounding the pipeline were analyzed with or without geotextile and stone cover protection, and it was found that they were affected by waves (and currents). The experimental results show the following: (1) comparing the regular wave and current with the regular wave alone, it is found that forward current promotes wave propagation and reverse current inhibits wave propagation; (2) the protective effect of geotextile and stone covering measures on different positions of the pipeline (the front, the bottom, and the back of the pipe) is basically same; (3) in the case of waves with large wave heights and long wave periods superimposed with ocean currents, the protective effect of geotextile and stone coverings on the hydrodynamic and seabed pore pressure around the pipeline is more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bidirectional propagation properties of partially coherent Laguerre–Gaussian (PCLG) beams under atmospheric turbulence and plasma were numerically investigated. The corresponding analytical formulas for the intensity distribution, effective beam width, and M2 factor of PCLG beams were derived by utilizing the generalized Collins integral formula, atmospheric turbulence theory, and second-order moments theory of the Wigner distribution function. The intensity distribution of the PCLG beams ultimately evolved into a Gaussian-like intensity distribution. Additionally, the effective beam width and M2 factor could be less affected by selecting appropriate parameter values for the beam order, transverse coherence width, and wavelength of the PCLG beam. The impact of parameters such as the beam order, transverse coherence width, and wavelength for reverse transmission on the PCLG beam propagation properties was greater than that for forward transmission. These results are beneficial for applications in free-space optical communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposite materials, such as graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs), have been fabricated into high-efficient resonators due to the excellent thermo-mechanical properties. In addition, thermoelastic damping (TED), as a dominant intrinsic dissipation mechanisms, is a major challenge in optimizing high-performance micro-/nano-resonators. Nevertheless, the classical TED models fail on the micro-/nano-scale due to not considering the influences of the size-dependent effect and the thermal lagging effect. To fill these gaps, the present work aims to investigate TED analysis of functionally graded (FG) polymer microplate resonators reinforced with GPLs based on the modified couple stress theory (MCST) and the three-phase-lag (TPL) heat conduction model. Four patterns of GPL distribution including the UD, FG-O, FG-X, and FG-A pattern distributions are taken into account, and the effective mechanical properties of the plate-type nanocomposite are evaluated based on the Halpin-Tsai model. The energy equation and the transverse motion equation in the Kirchhoff microplate model are formulated, and then, the analytical solution of TED is solved by complex frequency method. The influences of the various parameters involving the material length-scale parameter, the phase-lag parameters, and the total weight fraction of GPLs on the TED are discussed in detail. The obtained results show that the effects of the modified parameter on the TED are pronounced. This paper provides a theoretical approach to estimate TED in the design of high-performance micro-resonators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of the wave-induced pore pressures around the offshore piles has attracted great attentions among coastal engineers, because they have been commonly used as foundations of numerous marine infrastructures. This paper presents comparative studies of the random wave-induced transient seabed response around single and double piles in a sandy seabed through a series of wave flume experiments. The influences of relative spacing ratios, wave incidence angles, and front pile diameters under different random wave parameters on oscillatory pore pressures in the vicinity of double piles are examined. In addition, variations in wave profiles and dynamic wave pressures surrounding single and double piles are quantitatively analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) under the influence of random waves, the wave profiles around the double piles exhibit obvious irregularity and nonlinearity; (2) the shielding effect existing in the tandem piles results in lower dynamic wave pressures around the rear pile compared to the front pile; (3) the pore pressures on the front surface of the double piles decrease with increasing soil depth, with a decreasing attenuation rate at each layer; (4) when the relative spacing ratio G / D 2 = 3 , the group-pile effect weakens, leading to an increase in the pore pressures around the rear pile, approaching the results of a single pile under conditions of lower significant wave heights or periods; (5) the intense disturbance effect caused by large wave incidence angles exacerbates the pore pressure response around the double piles; (6) when the diameter of the front pile in the tandem piles increases, it enhances the shielding effect, thus suppressing the seabed response around the rear pile. In contrast, it causes an increase in the wave surface around the double piles, exacerbating the pore pressure response in the seabed. The latter effect becomes more pronounced when the significant wave height is larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiolabeled bombesin analogs are promising probes for cancer imaging of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). In this study, we developed 18F-labeled GRPR agonists and antagonists for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer. GRPR antagonists ATBBN (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHCH2CH3) and MATBBN (Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-Asp-Asn-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHCH2CH3), and agonists AGBBN (Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-MetNH2) and MAGBBN (Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-Asp-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-MetNH2) were radiolabeled with 18F via 4-nitrophenyl 2-18F-fluoropropionate. The in vitro receptor binding, cell uptake, and efflux properties of the radiotracers were studied on PC-3 cells. An in vivo PET study was performed on mice bearing PC-3 tumors. Direct 18F-labeling of known GRPR antagonist ATBBN and agonist AGBBN did not result in good tumor targeting or appropriate pharmacokinetics. Modification was made by introducing a highly hydrophilic linker Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-Asp-Asn. Higher receptor binding affinity, much higher cell uptake and slower washout were observed for the agonist 18F-FP-MAGBBN over the antagonist 18F-FP-MATBBN. Both tracers showed good tumor/background contrast, with the agonist 18F-FP-MAGBBN having significantly higher tumor uptake than the antagonist 18F-FP-MATBBN (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-Asp-Asn linker significantly improved the pharmacokinetics of the otherwise hydrophobic BBN radiotracers. 18F-labeled BBN peptide agonists may be the probes of choice for prostate cancer imaging due to their relatively high tumor uptake and retention as compared with the antagonist counterparts.

Due to the specific properties of the marine environment, marine microorganisms have exclusive physicochemical characteristics that are different from those of terrestrial microorganisms, which can produce various secondary metabolites (SMs) with considerable structural diversity and biological activity. In this study, three strains of coepiphytic Aspergillus with potential antibacterial activities, A7 (Aspergillus flavus), B27 (Aspergillus flavipes), and R12 (Aspergillus sydowii), were isolated from the South China Sea. Via the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform, the genomes of the three strains were sequenced, and genome comparison showed the highest diversity of the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in A7. In addition, a comparison of physiological and genomic characteristics between A7 and other A. flavus strains demonstrated the superior environmental adaptability of A7, which is apparently consistent with the genetic richness of BGCs. By assigning reads to known BGCs, putative BGCs were allocated in A7 that corresponded to various SMs, including naphthopyrone, pyranonigrin E, and cyclopiazonic acids. Based on gene homology analysis, we surmise that a region is involved in the biosynthesis of ustiloxin-like RiPPs, a less thoroughly studied SM in fungi. Our results provide genetic information for the investigation of marine Aspergillus spp., which may help to elucidate their chemical diversity and adaptive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Modeling the carbon emission trends in the urban and rural building sector. • New model covering building renovation, demolition, and carbon reduction measures. • Restructuring energy use offers urban/rural buildings prime carbon reduction potential. • Ultra-low/near-zero energy buildings strongly cut public carbon emissions. The scientific evaluation of carbon-emission trends and pathways for carbon reduction in China's provincial buildings can play a crucial role in achieving the goals of carbon peaking and neutrality. In this study, a new carbon-emission simulation model was developed using a bottom-up approach for Shaanxi Province. The model incorporated various influencing factors, such as building area, building type, building-energy efficiency and energy-consumption structure, while quantifying the area parameters through building metabolism. This study combines relevant literature, policies and regional resource conditions to create a single scenario of carbon-reduction measures, including the application of green building materials, structural adjustments to building-energy consumption, improvements in building-energy efficiency and increased carbon sinks in buildings. We arranged and combined these scenarios into nine different combinations. We predicted the trends in carbon-emission changes in Shaanxi's urban and rural buildings in the operational phase from 2020 to 2060 under single and combined scenarios; moreover, we quantified and analysed the carbon-reduction contributions of each carbon-reduction measure in the green and low-carbon realisation pathways of urban and rural buildings. The findings of this study revealed the following key points. (1) Structural adjustments to building-energy consumption have the greatest potential for carbon reduction and play a central role in achieving a green, low-carbon pathway. In the later stages of carbon-emission forecasting, when structural adjustments to building-energy consumption reach saturation, improvements in building-energy efficiency become crucial for influencing carbon-emission changes. (2) Through a carbon-reduction pathway centred on the improvement of building-energy efficiency and structural adjustments to building energy consumption, with green building material application and carbon sink increase as supporting measures, Shaanxi's urban and rural buildings are expected to achieve carbon neutrality by around 2059, with carbon emissions of −902,200 tCO2. Under the China Development Goal of Carbon Neutrality for 2060, this is a green, low-carbon pathway for urban and rural buildings in Shaanxi Province. (3) In the green and low-carbon pathways for urban and rural buildings in Shaanxi Province, the top three contributors to carbon-emission reduction were increasing the share of green electricity applications (49.14%), reducing traditional energy consumption (18.56%) and increasing the proportion of new low-carbon buildings (16.81%). This study provides a scientific foundation and decision-making reference for the formulation of green and low-carbon development pathways for urban and rural construction in China's Shaanxi Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scintillation restricts the development of free space optical communication in near-space hypersonic vehicles. We derived analytical formulae for the on-axis scintillation index of a partially coherent flat-topped beam in a bidirectional turbulent atmosphere and plasma link based on the Collins formula. The numerical results indicate that over long-distance propagation ranges, the on-axis scintillation index of a partially coherent flat-topped beam in bidirectional transmission is smaller than that of a Gaussian Schell model beam under the same conditions. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for free-space optical communications.

This study investigates the bidirectional transmission of a partially coherent flat-topped beam in a turbulent atmosphere and plasma. Analytical formulas for the intensity distribution and M 2 factor are derived based on the optical transmission matrix, Collins formula, and second moment theory with Wigner distribution function. Numerical results show that the beam order and transverse spatial coherence width can be selected appropriately to mitigate turbulence and plasma induced evolution properties. The partially coherent flat-topped beam propagation through a turbulent atmosphere and plasma of the forward transmission effect on the intensity distribution and M 2 factor are smaller than that of the reverse transmission. Under the same conditions, the M 2 factor of a partially coherent flat-topped beam is smaller than the Gaussian beam in bidirectional transmission. Our results can be used in long-distance free-space optical communications.