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Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is associated with hypercoagulability, which predisposes to venous thromboembolism (VTE). We analyzed platelet and neutrophil activation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their association with VTE. Methods Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. Platelet and leukocyte activation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and matrix metalloproteinase 9, a neutrophil-released enzyme, were measured. Four patients were restudied after recovery. The activating effect of plasma from patients with COVID-19 on control platelets and leukocytes and the inhibiting activity of common antithrombotic agents on it were studied. Results A total of 36 patients with COVID-19 and 31 healthy controls were studied; VTE developed in 8 of 36 patients with COVID-19 (22.2%). Platelets and neutrophils were activated in patients with COVID-19. NET, but not platelet activation, biomarkers correlated with disease severity and were associated with thrombosis. Plasmatic matrix metalloproteinase 9 was significantly increased in patients with COVID-19. Platelet and neutrophil activation markers, but less so NETs, normalized after recovery. In vitro, plasma from patients with COVID-19 triggered platelet and neutrophil activation and NET formation, the latter blocked by therapeutic-dose low-molecular-weight heparin, but not by aspirin or dypiridamole. Conclusions Platelet and neutrophil activation are key features of patients with COVID-19. NET biomarkers may help to predict clinical worsening and VTE and may guide low-molecular-weight heparin treatment.

Massimo Mammucari,1 Teresa Paolucci,2 Domenico Russo,3 Enrica Maggiori,1 Raffaele Di Marzo,4 Alberto Migliore,5 Umberto Massafra,5 Gianpaolo Ronconi,6 Paola Emilia Ferrara,6 Fabio Gori,7 Barbara Bifarini,7 Stefano Brauneis,8 Renato Vellucci,9 Rocco Domenico Mediati,9 Bartolomeo Violo,10 Silvia Natoli,11 Carmen Pediliggieri,12 Cristiana Di Campli,12 Maria Chiara Collina12 1Primary Care Unit, ASL RM 1, Rome, Italy; 2Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, G. D’ Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Oral Medical Science and Biotechnology (DSMOB), Chieti, Italy; 3“San Marco” Hospice and Palliative Care, Latina, Italy; 4Member of the Italian Society of Mesotherapy, Rome, Italy; 5Unit of Rheumatology, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy; 6Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; 7Section of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Santa Maria Della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; 8Pain Centre “Enzo BorzomatI”, University Hospital of Rome “Policlinico Umberto I”, Rome, Italy; 9Anaesthesiology Department, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy; 10Pain Therapy Unit, S. Spirito Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy; 11Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; 12Department of Vascular Surgery, Limb Salvage and Diabetic Foot, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, ItalyCorrespondence: Massimo MammucariPrimary Care Unit, Local Health, ASL RM 1, Rome, 00165, ItalyTel +39-06-61560695 Email massimo.mammucari@libero.itAbstract: Mesotherapy (local intradermal therapy, LIT) is a technique used to slowly spread drugs in tissues underlying the site of injection to prolong the pharmacological effect with respect to intramuscular injection. Recommendations for proper medical use of this technique have been made for pain medicine and rehabilitation, chronic venous disease, sport medicine, musculoskeletal disorders, several dermatological conditions, skin ageing, and immune-prophylaxis. Although mesotherapy is considered a valid technique, unresolved questions remain, which should be answered to standardize methodology and dosing regimen as well as to define the right indications in clinical practice. New randomized controlled trials are needed to test single products (dose, frequency of administration, efficacy and safety). Even infiltration of substances for dermo-cosmetic purposes must be guided by safety and efficacy tests before being proposed by mesotherapy. In this article, we put forth a preclinical and clinical research plan and a health technology assessment as a call to action by doctors, researchers and scientific societies to aid national health authorities in considering mesotherapy for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation paths.Keywords: mesotherapy, intradermal therapy, research plan

Coronavirus Disease Research Community – COVID-19 ZENODO CERN, May 13th, 2020 Publication date: May 12th, 2020 Title: Forecast of COVID19 infections, UK Authors: Gori Fabio, University of Rome Tor Vergata ORCID 0000-0002-3927-2834 I have updated the COVID19 infections data in UK on May 11th, forecasting the evolutions of the new cases and deaths, publishing the graphs on the following free blogs: https://covid19forecast.blogspot.com/ https://eucovid19.blogspot.com/ The same figures are reported here. The forecast of the total positive cases, according to the Verhulst equation is over 240,000 cases, with a ratio per 1000 capita of 3.7, while the forecast of the total deaths is over 34,000. The data of the new cases are still along a plateau but a forecast has been done. The data of the new deaths, on the contrary, are showing a trend to decrease and a forecast has been performed. Keywords: covid19; data analysis; forecast;Malthus equation; Verhulst equation.

Coronavirus Disease Research Community – COVID-19 ZENODO CERN, June 18th, 2020 Publication date: June 18th, 2020 Title: Forecast of COVID19 infections, Bangladesh Authors: Gori Fabio, University of Rome Tor Vergata ORCID 0000-0002-3927-2834 I have analyzed the COVID19 infections in Bangladeshon June 17th, publishing the graphs on the following free blog: https://covid19forecast.blogspot.com/ The same figures are reported in the attached file. Keywords: covid19; data analysis; forecast;Malthus equation; Verhulst equation.

Coronavirus Disease Research Community – COVID-19 ZENODO CERN, June 15th, 2020 Publication date: June 15th, 2020 Title: Forecast of COVID19 infections, India Authors: Gori Fabio, University of Rome Tor Vergata ORCID 0000-0002-3927-2834 I have analyzed the COVID19 infections in Indiaon June 14th, publishing the graphs on the following free blogs: https://india covid19 forecast.blogspot.com/ https://covid19forecast.blogspot.com/ The same figures are reported in the attached file. Keywords: covid19; data analysis; forecast;Malthus equation; Verhulst equation.

Coronavirus Disease Research Community – COVID-19 ZENODO CERN, June 15th, 2020 Publication date: June 15th, 2020 Title: Forecast of COVID19 infections, Chile Authors: Gori Fabio, University of Rome Tor Vergata ORCID 0000-0002-3927-2834 I have analyzed the COVID19 infections in Chileon June 14th, publishing the graphs on the following free blogs: https://covid19forecast.blogspot.com/ https://covid19southamerica.blogspot.com/ The same figures are reported in the attached file. Keywords: covid19; data analysis; forecast;Malthus equation; Verhulst equation.

Coronavirus Disease Research Community – COVID-19 ZENODO CERN, June 15th, 2020 Publication date: June 15th, 2020 Title: Forecast of COVID19 infections, Peru Authors: Gori Fabio, University of Rome Tor Vergata ORCID 0000-0002-3927-2834 I have analyzed the COVID19 infections in Peruon June 14th, publishing the graphs on the following free blogs: https://covid19forecast.blogspot.com/ https://covid19southamerica.blogspot.com/ The same figures are reported in the attached file. Keywords: covid19; data analysis; forecast;Malthus equation; Verhulst equation.

I have monitored the COVID19 infections in EU and USA from March 21st, reporting the graphs on the following free blogs: https://covid19forecast.blogspot.com/ https://eucovid19.blogspot.com/ https://usacovid19.blogspot.com/ https://forbigaio.blogspot.com/ The drawings of the data of the growth of the new infections, presented for Italy, EU27 and USA, has been forecasted with the exponential increase, or by using the Malthus equation of the rate of increase, as shown in the first figure of the attached file. On the other hand the data of the decrease of the new infections, has been forecasted for Italy, EU and USA, with a reasonable good agreement, up to now, by using the Verhulst equation, or logistic equation, which means that the rate of decrease is much slower than the rate of increase. The update of the forecast of decrease in Italy, EU27 and USA, on April 30this shown in the following three figures of the attached file. The different trend between increase and decrease is confirmed by the similar forecast/data of the deaths in Italy, shown in the lastfigure of the attached file. As a conclusion of this analysis, the first question is why the trend is different during the increase and the decrease of the new infections? And who can give the answer?

Herpes Zoster (HZ) is the reactivation of a well-known viral disease which manifests itself with painful skin lesions. An effective analgesic method during the acute phase of HZ can contribute to decrease the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) by reducing neural sensitization. Sciatic nerve block (SNB) is useful in the management of distal lower extremity pain sustained by the sciatic nerve. We describe our experience with a continuous ultrasound guided subgluteus sciatic nerve block in a patient with herpetic neuralgia- (HN-) related refractory acute left leg pain.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. A study on the feasibility of the Circulation Control (CC) technique for wind turbines is proposed. The CC was born in aeronautic field to improve the lift force on the wings, allowing the short take-off and landing of aircraft. It consists in blowing air at a relatively high speed over a rounded trailing edge. The thin jet of air remains attached to the convex curved surface, imposing a certain curvature to the outer streamlines, and, hence, increasing the lift force of the airfoil. Aim of this study is to numerically investigate the advantages on a wind turbine, based on the S809 airfoil, taking into account the energy related considerations, as the cost of the jet production. The paper, after a thorough evaluation of the increase of the generated power, finds that this technique could be promising in the energy harvesting aim.

The paper is aimed at investigating the influence of the Reynolds number on the instant flow evolution of a rectangular free jet of air in the range of Reynolds numbers from Re = 35,300 to Re = 2,200, where the Reynolds number, Re, is defined according to the hydraulic diameter, D, of a rectangular slot of height H, equal to about D = 2H. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique allows obtaining the instant PIV visualizations on the central symmetry section of the rectangular jet. The visual inspection of the instant frames with one and two vortices, except for Re = 35,300 where only one vortex images are detected, shows that after the jet exit is present the Flow with Constant Instant Height, with a length LCIH which increases with the decrease of the Reynolds number, from a ratio LCIH/H equal to LCIH/H = 0.9 at Re = 35,300 to LCIH/H = 4.0 at Re = 2,200. The instant PIV measurements, carried out at several distances from the jet exit, show that the variations of the ratio U=U0 of the centerline instant velocity, U, to the exit average velocity, U0, remain below ±4% for a length LCIV, defining the Flow with Constant Instant Velocity on the centerline. The ratio LCIV/H increases from LCIV/H = 1.1 at Re = 35,300 to LCIV/H = 4.1 at Re = 2,200 and is quite similar to LCIH/H. The instant PIV measurements of the centerline turbulence intensity, Tu, show that its variations remain below ±4% for a length LCIT, defining the Flow with Constant Instant Turbulence on the centerline. The ratio LCIT/H is equal to LCIV/H. The instant PIV velocity profiles in the transverse direction, are practically unchanged for a length LUVP which defines the flow with Unchanged Velocity Profile. The four lengths LUVP = LCIH = LCIV = LCIT are considered equal, defining the Flow with Negligible Disturbances, with length LND, or first type of flow, L1, which is in agreement with the average length of the flow with Constant Height, LCH, in the turbulent and laminar regime, and with the average length of the Undisturbed flow, LU, in the turbulent regime. The instant PIV frames show the presence, after the flow with negligible disturbances, of the Flow with Small Variations of the Height, where the jet height varies slightly without forming the vortex. The length of the flow with Small Variation of the Height is LSVH, and the first vortex appears after the total length (LND + LSVH). The variations of the instant PIV measurements of the centerline turbulence intensity, Tu, increase after the length LCIT, but remaining below ±5–9% for a length LSVT, which defines the Flow with Small Variation of the Turbulence. The total length (LCIT + LSVT) is comparable to (LCIH + LSVH) in the turbulent and laminar regimes, and can be assumed equal to the sum of the lengths of the flows with negligible and small disturbances, LND + LSD = L2, which is in agreement with the average length of the undisturbed flow, LU, in the laminar regime. The instant PIV frames show the flow with Coherent Vortices after L2, with a length LCV, followed by the vortices breakdown. The instant PIV frames allow visualizing the end of the flow with Coherent Vortices, defining the total length of the flows with negligible and small disturbances, and coherent vortices, as LND + LSD + LCV = L3, which is in good agreement with the average length of the potential core, LP.

The mass and energy-capital conservation equations are employed to study the time evolution of mass and price of nonrenewable energy resources, extracted and sold to the market, in case of no-accumulation and no-depletion, that is, when the resources are extracted and sold to the market at the same mass flow rate. The Hotelling rule for nonrenewable resources, that is, an exponential increase of the price at the rate of the current interest multiplied the time, is shown to be a special case of the general energy-capital conservation equation when the mass flow rate of extracted resources is unity. The mass and energy-capital conservation equations are solved jointly to investigate the time evolution of the extracted resources.